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Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Recently, a novel receptor superfamily has been identified whose members interact with a parallel family of ligands showing homology to tumor necrosis factor (TNF). To investigate the role of these receptor structures in the pulmonary environment, we evaluated the expression of some members of the TNF-receptor (CD27, CD30, CD40, CD95/Fas, CD120a, and CD120b) and TNF-ligand (CD40L, CD70/CD27L, CD30L, and mTNFalpha) superfamilies by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) T cells recovered from healthy subjects and patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD). Lung T lymphocytes recovered from control subjects showed a slight expression of CD27 but did not bear CD30, CD40, CD120a, or CD120b antigens. CD27 expression was restricted to normal CD4+ cells. Fas antigen (CD95), which is involved in activation-driven T-cell suicide, and the ligand for CD27 (CD70) were weakly expressed by normal BAL T-cell subpopulations. In patients with sarcoidosis, the majority of pulmonary T lymphocytes were CD4+ cells that expressed low levels of CD27 antigen and an upregulation of CD95 and CD70 molecules. When we characterized lymphocytes accumulating in the lung of patients with HIV infection and hypersensitivity pneumonitis, we demonstrated that T cells accounting for the CD8 alveolitis bore TNF-receptor type 2 (CD120b) at high density and were CD70+ while CD40L, CD30L, or mTNF-alpha expression were not found. The discrete surface expression of the TNF-receptors and TNF-ligands on alveolar T-cell subsets suggests that these molecules play a role in the immune regulatory mechanisms that ultimately lead to the alveolitis in the pulmonary microenvironment of interstitial lung disease.
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PMID:Expression of tumor necrosis factor-receptor superfamily members by lung T lymphocytes in interstitial lung disease. 861 67

In a survey of 176 drug addict deaths occurring from 1987 to 1992 inclusive, in North and West London, nine were HIV positive, eight were hepatitis B positive, and two were positive for both infections; 63% were injectors. Of the 176 deaths, 115 were directly related to drug poisoning, 38 were due to complications of drug ingestion and 23 were from unrelated causes. No increase in the incidence of suicide was observed in addicts who knew that they were HIV positive.
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PMID:Drug addict deaths in north and west London and prevalence of HIV and hepatitis B infection. 864 Mar 94

Psychic distress is often expressed in the form of physical pain or disease, but the converse also occurs. Illnesses with an organic aetiology are sometimes misdiagnosed as psychogenic. We describe three patients who developed rare forms of acute drug-induced dystonia when treated with antipsychotic drugs. All three cases were initially misdiagnosed as "hysteria" because the patients had psychiatric illnesses and because the symptoms were bizarre and became worse when the patients became very anxious. Furthermore, if the patients were helped to relax the symptoms disappeared for a moment. One of the patients developed dystonia 24 hours after ingestion of 750 mg tetrabenazine in an attempt at suicide. Another patient who had HIV/AIDS developed severe dystonia after receiving only 2 mg haloperidol by mouth. The clinical presentation, treatment, and possible mechanisms of the pathophysiology of acute drug-induced dystonia are briefly reviewed.
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PMID:[Drug-induced dystonia misinterpreted as hysteria]. 864 96

The objective was to describe the extent to which HIV infection has become a major cause of death among young adults in Denmark. The design used was retrospective review of underlying causes of death recorded in the National Danish Register of Causes of Death on the basis of submitted death certificates. Analysis of mortality statistics revealed, that from 1980 to 1993 AIDS became the 5th leading cause of death among men 25 to 49 years of age in Denmark after cancer, accidents, suicide and heart disease. AIDS among women had little impact on the vital statistics in the period. In the municipalities of the City of Copenhagen AIDS was the major cause of death among men already from 1990 and in 1993 death from AIDS comprised 25% of all causes (n = 107, death rate = 88/100,000). The rising rates of deaths attributed to AIDS among younger men show no sign of decreasing neither in the capital nor in the country as a whole.
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PMID:[AIDS--the leading cause of death among young adult men in Copenhagen and Frederiksberg]. 865 Aug 13

There is growing evidence that HIV infection and AIDS have an impact on a range of suicidal issues. The literature lacks clarity and the subject is traditionally problematic to research. True prevalence is often difficult to gauge and many researchers focus simply on death by suicide rather than exploring the extreme mental health burden brought about by suicidal thoughts, attempts, completions and bereavement. This study was set up to explore the nature and extent of problems in an unselected cohort of psychology clinic attenders (n = 188) in a London centre comprising 11% females and 89% males. For the cohort 21.4% had a suicide attempt recorded, 1 individual (0.5% of the sample) died by suicide and the level of suicidal ideation (both clear and vague) was noted for 50.5% of the sample. Suicidal issues were noted in 11.9% of referral letters from doctors. HIV seems to add an additional suicidal burden to this group where 43.9% attempted prior to HIV diagnosis, 41.5% after HIV diagnosis and 14.6% had attempts both pre- and post-diagnosis. The most common means involved overdosing. HIV related issues were often involved in triggers as was bereavement. There was a bimodal distribution of suicidal acts according to diagnosis with peaks at or around diagnosis and again at end stage illness. The data are discussed in terms of prevention, intervention and postvention with specific focus on the need to anticipate the mental health needs of people with HIV and AIDS as well as of their carers.
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PMID:Suicide and AIDS: lessons from a case note audit in London. 866 50

The association between suicidal behaviour and HIV infection has been the subject of much attention in recent years. In this paper we review the evidence about the prevalence of suicide, suicidal ideation and deliberate self-harm in individuals with HIV infection. Finally we discuss the significance of the findings, in particular some of the methodological problems encountered in this field.
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PMID:Suicidal behaviour and HIV infection--is there a link? 866 51

Established data relating to HIV infection, AIDS, drug user related deaths and suicides were evaluated at the Institute of Forensic Medicine in Hamburg in order to gain an insight into suicide and HIV. There was no evidence of an increased suicide ratio among HIV infected drug users. The drug aid system appears to be relatively well organized. In this group the risk of death is not dependent on HIV infection status or concomitant disease, but on overdosing. The need for detailed studies is obvious. There was no obvious increase in the suicide ratio among all HIV infected persons and AIDS cases. From the point of view of forensic medicine the number of completed suicides with HIV present was low (3 cases per year reported from the central morgue). The work of the support system in Hamburg seems to be successful, but there may be a relevant number of undetected cases. Up to now the data available about individual cases are inconclusive. An interdisciplinary European effort may be helpful in order to elucidate the problem from the point of view of different support and registration system for people with HIV infection.
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PMID:HIV and suicide in Hamburg. 866 53

Current suicidality and other characteristics were assessed in 442 HIV-infected patients, independent of clinical stage, who had been referred to the Consultation Liaison Psychiatrist from an Infectious Disease Unit of a General Hospital in Spain. The referrals were made over a period of 7 years (1988-1994). Suicidality was categorized as suicidal thoughts (5 patients), suicidal equivalents (5 patients) and suicidal attempts (17 cases). Of a total of 27 cases, two died as a result of suicide. The number of known suicide deaths was lower than expected. However, these results may show an underestimate due to the difficulty of differentiating between accidental overdose and actual suicidal attempt in intravenous drug-using patients. Health care professionals must be aware of the potential for suicidal thoughts and suicidal behaviours in HIV-positive patients to enable them to provide the necessary support.
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PMID:AIDS and suicide issues in Spain. 866 54

Custodial settings are recognized as an important context both with respect to suicide and self-harm and for HIV prevention and care. This article examines briefly what is known about suicide and self harm in relation to custody, emphasizing the increased risk of suicide and self-harm with suicidal intent among certain subgroups within the custodial population. Subsequently the discussion focuses on the current lack of information as regards HIV prevalence in custodial settings and on HIV related policy and practice in custody. The writer attempts to draw out the implications for HIV related suicide in custody, arguing for a rethinking of traditional approaches to suicide in the light of the new stresses arising from the advent of HIV and AIDS in custody.
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PMID:Suicide and custody. 866 55

The mortality rate among drug users is higher than that of the general population. There is some evidence that the risk of suicide is also higher, although major methodological difficulties tend to cast doubt on their accuracy. The factors generally known to be associated with suicide such as mental and physical health problems, poor family relationships, social isolation and stressful life events are also associated with drug misuse. Illicit drugs may be used as a form of self-medication for anxiety and depression, but this draws an individual into a life that is likely to increase stress levels. For a drug user already stigmatized and detached from conventional society, becoming HIV positive can lead to greater stress and isolation. The impact of HIV on individuals physically and psychologically damaged by drug misuse is difficult to predict. There is little research that is attempting to determine who is most at risk and the nature of the factors that will predict an attempt at self-harm. If those who are most likely to attempt suicide are to be detected and adequate care provided by health professionals, risk and protective factors need to be identified in drug-using communities in which HIV is present or likely to occur.
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PMID:Drug misuse and suicide: assessing the impact of HIV. 866 56


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