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Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The emphasis in the psychosocial literature on Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) has been placed, correctly, on the traumatic impact of AIDS in terms of mortality, bereavement, suicide, psychopathology, and coping with life amid enormous multiple stressors. However, an important aspect of the HIV epidemic has been paid only minimal attention: many HIV-positive gay men have experienced beneficial, or even life-transforming, aspects of their situation. Seven HIV-positive gay men are described here who have successfully integrated HIV into a framework of world- and self-beliefs that allows for coherence, stability, emotional vitality, and positive self-regard. Eight general characteristics of these men are presented. These men represent a subgroup from a sample of 19 subjects in a qualitative clinical interview study exploring how HIV-positive gay men ascribe meaning to AIDS and their own HIV infection [1].
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PMID:Vitality and growth in HIV-infected gay men. 818 22

The authors identify specific health-related behaviors of African American college students and compare them with the students' perceptions of corresponding health issues. Among students surveyed, the rate of cigarette smoking (4%) was very low compared with smoking rates found in a national survey (14%); but alcohol consumption was relatively high (63%), although lower than the national average of 91%. More men than women smoked, but more women than men reported they drank alcoholic beverages. Most students (90.2%) said they did not usually eat breakfast, 73.6% reported that their diets were not nutritionally balanced, and the majority (55.4%) were not involved in daily physical activity. More than half (63%) of the students reported satisfactorily handling stress, and 74.1% indicated that they were sexually active. Respondents perceived the most important health issues facing college students as HIV/AIDS and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), birth control, date rape, stress management, suicide, and alcohol and other drugs.
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PMID:African American college students' health behaviors and perceptions of related health issues. 820 Nov 33

The empowerment and affirmation of lesbian, bisexual, and gay students is long overdue. This article explores how human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS), substance abuse, violence and hate-related crimes, suicide, and heterosexism all adversely affect the physical and emotional health of nonheterosexual college students. College health services must expand their current scope and practice and assume a leadership role in combating all forms of oppression by actively incorporating and addressing the unique health issues and needs of the lesbian, bisexual, and gay population. This article provides a brief overview of the relevant healthcare issues for lesbians, bisexuals, and gays; examples of heterosexism in college health services; and recommendations for institutional and personal and professional change.
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PMID:Challenging heterosexism in college health service delivery. 820 Nov 34

Patterns of HIV infection and IV drug use in 697 Essex and Hudson Counties, New Jersey, 1986-1987 Medical Examiner (ME) cases, aged 15-59 years, were examined. All cases had toxicology tests for drugs and had been autopsied. Postmortem stored sera were blind-tested and confirmed for the presence of HIV-1-antibody by the New Jersey Department of Health. All cases and IV drug users were dichotomized according to the presence/absence of HIV-1-antibody and were then analyzed for differences in demographic and postmortem characteristics. Subjects were predominantly Black men aged 30-44 years; the 119 HIV(+) cases were even more likely to be Black or Hispanic and in the 30-44 age group. Evidence of IV drug use and HIV(+) status were very highly correlated; 86 of 181 IV drug users were HIV(+). There was a low rate of suicide among HIV(+) cases and IV drug users. Only 3 of 63 suicide victims were HIV(+), and they were the only IV drug users whose manner of death was certified as suicide. Cases with toxicology findings of both heroin and cocaine were most likely to be HIV(+), followed in order by those with heroin or cocaine alone present. Cocaine alone was the illicit drug most often present in toxicology tests on all cases. Among IV drug users, heroin with cocaine was most often present.
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PMID:HIV infection and i.v. drug use: medical examiner cases in Essex and Hudson Counties, New Jersey. 821 94

From May 1985 to December 1992, a total of 5,931,032 serum samples from eight population groups were tested for antibody to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV). Mandatory testing is carried out for blood donors, military recruits, immigrants, and prisoners. The other population groups were tested anonymously with consent. A total of 407 samples were seropositive. Of those HIV carriers, 63 developed AIDS: 37 were homosexuals, 6 were hemophiliacs, 1 was an intravenous drug user, 15 were heterosexuals, and 4 had no known risk factors. Although the prevalence of HIV infection and AIDS in Taiwan has remained low, the increase since 1988 has been rapid. Before 1987, all of the 48 persons with HIV infection were homosexuals or hemophiliacs. Thereafter, the risk groups diversified, with the main group shifting from homosexuals to heterosexuals and the number of intravenous drug users surpassing the number of hemophiliacs. Among the 63 patients with AIDS, 59 were male and only 4 were female; 53 have died (3 committed suicide).
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PMID:AIDS in the Republic of China, 1992. 827 97

Dendritic cells (DC) are professional Ag-presenting cells that play a major role in T cell-mediated immune responses and in thymocyte differentiation. To better analyze their physiological importance, we sought to generate transgenic mice presenting a conditional DC deficiency. We used a strategy based on the cell-specific expression of a suicide gene. The DC-targeted expression is obtained using HIV regulatory sequences; indirect evidence has suggested that these sequences control a preferential expression in DC. The suicide gene is the herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase (HSV1-TK) which allows conditional ablation of dividing HSV1-TK-expressing cells by converting nucleoside analogs such as ganciclovir (GCV) into toxic molecules. We generated transgenic mice expressing an HSV1-TK gene transcribed from HIV regulatory sequences. A low but significant HSV1-TK expression was observed in mature DC and DC precursors grown from granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-supplemented bone marrow cultures. These HSV1-TK-expressing DC precursors are specifically killed by GCV. We next treated transgenic mice with GCV, and obtained a specific ablation of DC in spleen and thymus. Ninety percent of spleen DC could be depleted within a week, indicating a turnover rate of approximately 15% per day. Interestingly, this DC depletion always correlated with a major thymic atrophy and disappearance of CD4+CD8+ thymocytes. This animal model should help to assess the physiological role of DC in the immune response and in thymocyte differentiation. It should also help to appreciate the consequences of DC dysfunction in pathological situations, such as HIV-infection or allograft rejection.
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PMID:Conditional ablation of dendritic cells in transgenic mice. 828 35

Part I: Because of the increasing number of people with the HIV infection or AIDS, health resources and facilities are becoming over burdened. Many projects are looking towards involving communities more in caring and supporting those living with HIV/AIDS. In view of this, features of knowledge and attitudes have been drawn out of a main study on knowledge, attitudes and practices on 2 109 respondents in the City of Harare, to demonstrate areas where urgent preparation is needed to facilitate community care. The majority of respondents (96 pc) were aware that AIDS is a sexually transmitted disease. About 70 pc of the respondents thought that there were many people infected with HIV in Zimbabwe. Most of the respondents (83.3 pc) were frightened by the idea of catching AIDS. However, 82 pc would want to know if they are infected with the AIDS virus. About nine pc of the respondents said that they would commit suicide on discovering that they had HIV. Only 10 pc would have another child after becoming infected. A quarter of the respondents would not be supportive of people with AIDS. They stated that they would evict lodgers with AIDS, would avoid either neighbour, coworker or school mate with AIDS. People were generally more willing to look after their own children (76 pc) and less supportive of other relatives (68 pc) who had AIDS. Gender differences are also highlighted.
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PMID:Knowledge and attitudes on AIDS relevant for the establishment of community care in the city of Harare. 830 82

The author's purpose was to explore the health concerns of women with HIV/AIDS. Eleven HIV-positive women were interviewed using the Omaha System to organize the interview data for content analysis. Data were classified into environmental, health-behavioral, physiological, and psychosocial concerns. Comparisons of the African-American and white women presented more similarities than differences, except for noncompliance with zidovudine therapy. Implications of this study for health professionals include the need to identify support systems for women with HIV/AIDS, to identify ways to encourage women to focus on their own health, to assess for depression and suicide risk, and to refer to appropriate community resources in a timely fashion.
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PMID:Health concerns of women with HIV/AIDS. 840 Jan 59

This paper analyzes changes in sex mortality ratios between 1979 and 1987 for adults in 23 developed countries. (A sex mortality ratio is the ratio of male to female death rates.) Previous analyses have shown that during the mid-twentieth century sex mortality ratios increased for all adult age groups. During the 1980s sex mortality ratios continued to increase for 25-34 year olds, but showed mixed trends for other adult age groups. For example, for older adults aged 55-64, sex mortality ratios increased in Southern and Eastern European countries and Japan, but sex mortality ratios decreased in Northern European and Anglophone countries. Trends in several causes of death contributed to these trends in sex mortality ratios. For example, for 25-34 year olds, increases in men's suicide rates and HIV or AIDS mortality contributed to the increases in sex mortality ratios. For older adults, it was hypothesized that decreasing sex differences in cigarette smoking in recent decades would result in decreasing sex differences in lung cancer and ischemic heart disease mortality during the 1980s. The predicted decrease in sex differences in lung cancer mortality was observed in many countries; women had more unfavorable lung cancer mortality trends than men in the Anglophone countries and Northern and Central Western European countries. In contrast, very little evidence was found for the predicted decrease in sex differences in ischemic heart disease. The paper presents additional data concerning the contributions of trends in specific causes of death to changes in sex mortality ratios and briefly reviews evidence concerning probable causes of the observed mortality trends. It appears that recent trends in sex mortality ratios have been influenced by changing sex differences in smoking and a variety of additional factors, such as the effects of improvements in health care interacting with inherent sex differences in vulnerability to ischemic heart disease.
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PMID:Recent trends in sex mortality ratios for adults in developed countries. 843 70

Suicidal acts seem to be more frequent in AIDS patients than in the general population: nevertheless, the interpretation of these findings remains uncertain, because an increased risk of suicide has been found in some groups at risk of HIV infection (homosexuals, i.v. drug users) irrespective of the presence of HIV infection. The lack of adequate registration of causes of death in mortality statistics, the difficulty of identifying AIDS cases, and the lack of appropriate reference populations in the majority of register-based studies and post-mortem investigations are the main methodological problems in this research area.
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PMID:Suicidal behaviour in people infected with human immunodeficiency virus: a literature review. 847 65


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