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Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

AIDS has joined suicide as a barrier to the accurate certification of death as required by law in Great Britain and the U.S. Despite acknowledging the importance of accurate records for medical, epidemiological, and insurance purposes, and because registers of death are public records, sympathetic physicians may substitute other causes of death or omit stating the underlying diagnosis of HIV infection in order to spare families of the deceased the added psychological stress caused by stigmatization. Many physicians believe that informing public health authorities is sufficient. To preserve privacy and the confidentiality of medical information a British government paper has suggested that, with reference to sensitive causes of death, recent records be available only to those who have a legitimate reason for wanting them. In the U.S., the adoption of a two-part death certificate has been proposed, one for immediate legal purposes and the other for medical certification.
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PMID:AIDS on the death certificate: the final stigma. 249 25

The Office of Minority Health (OMH) was established in December 1985 in response to recommendations developed by the Secretary's Task Force on Black and Minority Health. Originally, OMH's mission emphasized six health problems identified by the Task Force as priority areas: cancer, cardiovascular disease and stroke; chemical dependency; diabetes; homicide, suicide, and unintentional injuries; and infant mortality and low birth weight. OMH added HIV infection to the six health priority areas after epidemiologic data showed that the representation of blacks and Hispanics was disproportionately high among persons reported with AIDS. Strategies to eliminate or reduce high-risk behaviors associated with HIV infection need to mobilize racial and ethnic minority communities and rebuild social networks in order to foster sustained behavioral changes. OMH created the Minority HIV Education/Prevention Grant Program to demonstrate the effectiveness of strategies to expand the activities of minority community-based and national organizations involved in HIV education and prevention, as well as to encourage innovative approaches to address appropriately the diversities within and among minority populations. In 1988, grants totaling $1.4 million were awarded to four national and 23 community-based minority organizations. Project workers conduct information, education, and prevention interventions directed to specific groups within racial and ethnic minority communities. Interventions include education and prevention training, information activities, developing educational materials, and providing technical assistance. Project innovations include conducting HIV education and prevention training for families at home, presenting a play produced and performed by local teenagers, and developing a workshop and a manual to help minority service organizations to recruit and train volunteer staff members. Working with minority community-based and national organizations is an essential component of effective strategies for preventing HIV infection among racial and ethnic minorities. OMH's Minority HIV Education/Prevention Grant Program encourages minority groups to participate as partners in Federal, State, and local HIV prevention efforts.
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PMID:PHS grants for minority group HIV infection education and prevention efforts. 251 87

The majority of HIV-infected inpatients are treated in departments of internal medicine. For the conditions of the west-german health service it was studied, if and how psychiatric symptoms of HIV-positive inpatients of a University Hospital for internal medicine require a psychiatrist. The evaluation of the suicide risk and psychopharmacological treatment of depressive syndromes were the most frequent reasons to ask for a psychiatrist. It became evident, that by means of a psychiatric consultation service, treatment of psychiatric complications in HIV-infection is feasible in a department of internal medicine.
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PMID:[AIDS disease and psychopathology--observations by the psychiatric consultation service of an internal medicine clinic]. 259 98

During a 3-year period (August 1st, 1985 to July 31st, 1988) a systematic investigation of medico-legal autopsy cases with regard to the presence of antibodies for HIV-virus was carried out at the Department of Forensic Medicine in Stockholm, Sweden. Prior to autopsy, blood samples were taken from femoral or subclavian veins and were investigated by use of ELISA-screening and Western blotting test. During the first year of study, HIV infection was demonstrated in 11 out of 3464 deaths (0.32%), during the second year in 29 out of 3483 deaths (0.83%), and during the last year in 13 out of 3107 deaths (0.42%). It was shown that 48 out of the total of 53 HIV positive cases were previously registered, but information about the infection was available to the autopsist in only 27 cases. Drug addicts dominated 41 of 53 cases. There were only eight homo- and bisexual males, two non drug addict Central Africans and two persons who received blood transfusions. Eight of the 53 persons died of natural causes whereas 45 deaths were due to violence and drugs. The causes of death of the HIV positive drug addicts were compared to the causes of death of the HIV negative addicts. The HIV positive drug addicts tended to die suddenly in connection with the intravenous administration of heroin and at lower blood concentrations of morphine more often than the HIV-negative addicts. No increase in the suicide frequency was noted in drug addicts in Stockholm during the studied period.
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PMID:HIV-related deaths outside medical institutions in Stockholm. 277 60

AIDS will become a bigger and bigger problem in future, especially for medical staff who will be increasingly in contact with infected patients. The epidemiology of HIV infection (blood, vaginal secretion, sperm) and the threat of this infection require particularly strict observance of hygienic measures. Unqualified handling of infected material such as HIV-contaminated injection needles or pointed objects represent a major risk of HIV infection for medical personnel. Despite the high degree of safety in the preparation of banked blood we cannot completely guarantee that only absolutely safe HIV-free blood will be transfused. Hence, indication for transfusion must be very strictly limited. Autologous transfusion as a safe alternative to homologous transfusion should be employed more frequently. Seroconversion rate after needle-point injury is now stated to be one per cent. According to Goebel et al. in AIFO 5:227 (1988) four nurses carried out mouth-to-mouth resuscitation in an AIDS patient who had jumped from the third floor of a building in attempted suicide. Despite considerable blood contact the HIV antibody tests remained negative even now after 18 months.
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PMID:[AIDS and anesthesia]. 305 52

Sudden and unexpected death and violent death of persons with a high risk of acquiring HIV-infections, especially homosexual males and intravenous drug abusers, have to be investigated by forensic autopsies. Therefore every forensic pathologist has to be aware of this infection and should try to make the proper diagnosis. Three typical cases are described: (1) suicide by hanging, (2) homicide by cutting the throat and (3) intravenous heroin overdose. Merely retrospectively it could be cleared up that the deceased were homosexual but did not manifestly suffer from AIDS. The morphological findings in the lymph nodes and the postmortem serological findings are described in detail.
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PMID:HIV-infection in forensic autopsy cases. 331 34

An association between suicide and the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) has been noted in several epidemiologic studies. Numerous case reports also support the trend of an increased suicide risk in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and persons with AIDS. A variety of medical, neurologic, and psychiatric factors may contribute to the death of an HIV patient. I present the case of a 27-year-old man who committed suicide approximately 2 years after he received a diagnosis of AIDS. He had no previous psychiatric history. It is imperative that physicians caring for such patients be aware of the various neurologic and psychiatric manifestations of HIV infection. If appropriate, an assessment of suicide risk should be included in the regular office visit.
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PMID:AIDS and suicide. 759 69

Priority health risk behaviors that contribute to the leading causes of mortality, morbidity, and social problems among youth and adults often are established during youth, extend into adulthood, and are interrelated. The Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) monitors six categories of priority health risk behaviors among youth and youth adults: behaviors that contribute to unintentional and intentional injuries, tobacco use, alcohol and other drug use, sexual behaviors, dietary behaviors, and physical activity. The YRBSS includes a national, school-based survey conducted by CDC and state and local school-based surveys conducted by state and local education agencies. This report summarizes results from the national survey, 24 state surveys, and nine local surveys conducted among high school students during February through May 1993. In the United States, 72% of all deaths among school-age youth and young adults are from four causes: motor vehicle crashes, other intentional injuries, homicide, and suicide. Results from the 1993 YRBSS suggest many high school students practice behaviors that may increase their likelihood of death from these four causes: 19.1% rarely or never use a safety belt, 35.3% had ridden during the 30 days preceding the survey with a driver who had been drinking alcohol, 22.1% had carried a weapon during the 30 days preceding the survey, 80.9% ever drank alcohol, 32.8% ever used marijuana, and 8.6% had attempted suicide during the 12 months preceding the survey. Substantial morbidity and social problems among adolescents also result from unintended pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases including HIV infection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Youth risk behavior surveillance--United States, 1993. 763 32

Premature cell death can result either from cell injury or degeneration, leading to necrosis, or from the activation of a physiological cell-suicide process, termed programmed cell death or apoptosis, that is regulated by intercellular signalling. This process plays an essential role in the selection of developing lymphocytes, and is also involved in the function of the mature adaptative immune system. A growing number of experimental findings during the last 4 years has provided support to our hypothesis that inappropriate HIV-mediated dysregulation of programmed T-cell death is relevant to AIDS pathogenesis. A series of recent experimental results also supports the general concept that the persistence and pathogenesis of several infectious pathogens, ranging from retroviruses to parasites, may be related to their capacity to dysregulate programmed cell death in various cell populations including lymphocytes. Subversion by pathogens of the physiological control of programmed cell death provides a paradigm for the pathogenesis of a wide range of infectious diseases that involve immune dysregulation and suggests therapeutic potential for the in vivo modulation of cell signalling.
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PMID:From AIDS to parasite infection: pathogen-mediated subversion of programmed cell death as a mechanism for immune dysregulation. 769 2

The investigation of death condition of HIV infected intravenous drug users (IVDU) was conducted with a retrospective cohort study in Ruili city of Yunnan province from 1989-Oct to 1993-Oct, the deaths among 395 HIV+ IVDUs add up to 61 and the mortality is 15.4%, which has significant difference compared to the death level of control cohort composed by 192 HIV- IVDUs (add up to 18). The relative risk of death is 1.6 (95% confidence interval 1.0-2.5). After classified by the cause of death, it was found that both maintain high accidence mortality caused mainly by narcotism, violence and suicide. But in death group caused by diseases, the mortality of HIV+ IVDU (8.4%) is much higher than HIV- IVDU (3.1%) (95% confidence interval 1.2-6.1). We also compared non-AIDS mortality between HIV+ and HIV- IVDU according to data of HIV/AIDS surveillance which showed 2 patients died of AIDS in HIV+ IVDU. The difference is also significant (13.8% in HIV+, but 7.9% in HIV- IVDU) and the relative risk is 1.7 (95% confidence interval 1.0-2.8). The results indicated that the lever of reported AIDS cases were probably lower than that of actual AIDS cases existing.
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PMID:[Investigation of mortality among HIV-infected intravenous drug users in Ruili region of Yunnan province]. 778 Oct 51


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