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Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The data was obtained retrospectively from clinical records concerning 399 HIV infected patients. The HIV infected individuals predominated in the age group ranging from 20 to 40 years (73.4%) and 75% were male. The was no difference in the ratio of male and female patients regarding asymptomatic HIV infection or AIDS. The cases of HIV without AIDS concentrated in the age group ranging from 20-29 years while AIDS predominated in the age group ranging from 30-39 years. Only 0.8% were hemophilic, 3.5% injected drugs and 4.8% had hemotransfusions in the last 5 years. Regarding sexual behavior, 33% were heterosexuals, 11% bisexuals, 23% homosexuals and 33% did not disclose their sexual behavior. The presence of syphilis was the most frequent combination found (8.8%), followed by herpes (5.8%) and genital candidiasis (4.3%). Our results suggest an association between genital candidiasis and AIDS, although this was not demonstrated for the other STDs studied.
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PMID:[Sexually transmitted diseases in patients infected with HIV/AIDS in the State of Pernambuco, Brazil]. 1088 Nov 18

The HIV infection leading to AIDS is considered to be one of the greatest biomedical challenges in the present century. Like all other communicable diseases AIDS is gradually penetrating the underprivileged sections of society in all countries. Nearly 5 million people in India are living with AIDS at present that makes India a single country with highest number of HIV infected people in the world. The hallmark of HIV disease is the reduction of CD4+ T-lymphocytes, the key cells of immunity. The initial phase of the disease may be termed as HIV seroconversion illness. The next phase is termed asymptomatic HIV infection. When the CD4 count falls below 400/microliter, the patient develops early opportunistic infections which may be termed as early symptomatic HIV infection or AIDS related complex (ARC). Mycobacterial infections are also common in these patients and have led to an alarming resurgence of tuberculosis (TB) in many countries. The available information suggests that TB may be the commonest HIV related disease in the world. The clinical presentation of TB in HIV infected individual is influenced by the degree of HIV related immunosuppression. The atypical features like extrapulmonary TB and absence of positive Mantoux test are generally noticed at a fairly advanced stage. The x-ray chest is also an important adjunct to diagnosis of TB in HIV infected individual. The studies on TB and AIDS in the early part of HIV epidemic in developed countries suggest that extrapulmonary TB is more common in co-infected people but when TB infection is considered in all HIV infected persons, extrapulmonary TB is less common than pulmonary TB. The result of treatment in co-infected pulmonary TB cases is almost similar with the cases suffering from TB alone. Treatment failure, however, has been noticed rarely at extrapulmonary sites.
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PMID:Tuberculosis and HIV illness. 1101 62

In HIV infection, the decrease in the number and functional activity of lymphocytes is accompanied by atopia and an increased level of total IgE and some specific IgE antibodies. This could be explained by the Th2 dominance induced by HIV replication and so a Th1-Th2 switch could have prognostic value. We investigated the characteristic T-helper phenotype dominance and its relationship to cytokine expression and IgE immune response in the early stage of asymptomatic HIV infection. In the separated lymphocytes of i. asymptomatic HIV positive persons; ii. HIV negative homosexuals; iii. atopic patients; and iv. healthy controls, expression of mRNA for IFNg (Th1) and IL-10 (Th2) were determined by semiquantitative RT-PCR. The serum level of antibodies for HIV 1/2 and total/specific IgE were also determined. Transcription of mRNA of IFNg and IL-10 were more pronounced in HIV positive and atopic groups than in the healthy control, without lymphocyte phenotype dominance. In HIV negative persons, however, a significant Th2 dominance was detected. There was no significant difference in the IgE level between the 4 investigated groups. In the HIV positive cases, IL-10 expression and total serum IgE do not support a switch to Th2 dominance. In the atopic group, aside from the total IgE level, down regulation of IFNg was not observed. These results suggest a general activation of the immune system in the early stage of HIV infection.
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PMID:The Dominant T-Helper Lymphocyte Function of HIV Infected Patients. 1117 29

The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of HSV infections and recurrences among HIV-infected patients and to examine different regimens for suppression of HSV recurrence. A randomized retrospective chart review of HIV-infected patients at a public hospital in Los Angeles County was conducted. We reviewed 224 patients' charts; 26 percent had AIDS based on the 1987 CDC definition. HSV infection was documented as a clinical event in 51 records (23 percent). Patients with an AIDS diagnosis had a greater incidence (53 percent) of HSV infections than did those with a diagnosis of symptomatic or asymptomatic HIV infection (p < 0.001, Fisher's exact test). Recurrences of HSV occurred in 26 (51 percent) of the 51 HSV-infected persons during a period of 1042 patient months. Eighteen patients who had received acyclovir suppression at 600 mg/day had three HSV recurrences in 382 patient months, whereas 14 who received 400 mg/day had eight recurrences in 282 patient months (p = 0.02). HSV infections occur in 23 percent of HIV-infected patients, increasing to 53 percent in AIDS patients. Acyclovir suppression prevents recurrent HSV, and a dosage of 600 mg/day is more effective than 400 mg/day.
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PMID:Prevention of recurrent herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections in HIV-infected persons. 1136 7

The 4th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals ruled that [name removed], who is HIV-positive, cannot continue with his lawsuit alleging that NationsBank of Maryland fired him because of his HIV status. The court decided that [name removed] did not make a case of discrimination against his employer because his work performance was substandard. Additionally, the court ruled that HIV infection in and of itself does not constitute a disability and therefore [name removed] is not protected by the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). The court ruled that [name removed] failed to prove that his asymptomatic HIV infection was an impairment or that it substantially limits a major life activity. When the ADA was enacted in 1990 it was presumed that anyone with HIV would be protected from discrimination and reports filed by both the House of Representatives and the Senate indicated that legislators felt that HIV infection constituted an impairment. This ruling made by the 4th Circuit seems to discount the legislation's intent. The court rejected [name removed]'s suggestion that the ability to procreate and engage in intimate sexual relations was a limitation of a major life activity. Dissenters argued that the opinion is not based on sound medical facts because HIV, even if it is asymptomatic, is an impairment. The dissent also contends that Mr. [Name removed] was not given fair and ample opportunity to prove that his HIV infection is disabling. The court was in sharp disagreement relative to [name removed]'s job performance. The court majority said that [name removed] failed to meet sales goals and engaged in unprofessional behavior. The dissent countered that [name removed]'s sales record exceeded that of another employee who was not terminated.
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PMID:4th Circuit: asymptomatic HIV is not a disability under ADA. 1136 61

The International Association of Physicians in AIDS Care (IAPAC) sponsored the First International Conference on Healthcare Resource Allocation for HIV/AIDS to address how to bring expensive AIDS therapies to those who cannot afford them. Proposals included revamping the AIDS Drug Assistance Program (ADAP), accelerating the national effort to test a vaccine in humans, and expanding Medicaid coverage to include asymptomatic HIV infection. The UNAIDS HIV Drug Access Initiative, the new Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS drug access program, combines public and private sector efforts to find ways to increase HIV treatment access in developing countries. In contrast to other developing nations, Brazil has passed a law that makes HIV treatment a right for every citizen. Celso Ferreira Ramos-Filho, a professor of medicine at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, predicts that the Brazilian government will not be able to pay the standard therapy costs.
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PMID:A growing dichotomy: the gap between therapeutic haves and have-nots. 1136 61

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has updated its 1993 guidelines for STDs, adding new recommendations for treating primary and recurrent genital warts and for managing patients with asymptomatic HIV infection. The guidelines grew out of research into microbiologic cures, alleviating signs and symptoms, preventing sequelae, and preventing transmission. The guidelines recommend that people seeking treatment for STDs should be offered HIV testing and counseling. Results of a recent Alan Guttmacher Institute study of STD public health programs are included.
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PMID:New STD recommendations include HIV management. 1136 14

Abbott was an asymptomatic HIV-infected patient whose dentist, Bragdon, refused to fill a cavity for her in his office, though he offered to fill the cavity in a hospital. Abbott alleged discrimination under the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 on the basis that HIV infection substantially limits a major life activity, her ability to reproduce and bear children. The U.S. Supreme Court held that asymptomatic HIV infection, because of its predictable course and the immediacy with which the virus begins to damage the infected person's white blood cells, is a disability that impairs the major life activity of reproduction from the moment of infection. The Court rejected the dentist's argument that major life activities must have a public, economic, or daily character. The dissent maintained that reproduction is not a major life activity and that no evidence supported asymptomatic HIV infection as a substantial limitation on the ability to reproduce. The case was remanded to the lower court to determine if the facts were sufficient to warrant a trial on the merits.
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PMID:Bragdon v. Abbott. 1204 Dec 86

A 53 year old physically healthy man, unaware of any immunocompromised condition developed rapidly fatal myelomeningoencephalitis following a live-attenuated yellow fever vaccination. He was found to have asymptomatic HIV infection with high viral loads and low CD4 counts. This is the first reported case of such an incidence in the world literature. It is strongly suggested that in countries where HIV infection is endemic, an HIV blood test should be performed prior to the yellow fever vaccination and the vaccine should not be given to those immunocompromised persons.
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PMID:Fatal myeloencephalitis following yellow fever vaccination in a case with HIV infection. 1207 14

The HIV epidemic has greatly increased morbidity in many African cities and severe undernutrition is a prominent feature of the clinical presentation. However, there is little information about the relationship of morbidity or nutritional status to immune damage at a population level. We report a cross-sectional study of morbidity and nutritional status in relation to CD4 count in an impoverished urban community in Lusaka, Zambia, at enrollment into a longitudinal study. Over a 2 month period in 1999, 261 (52%) of 506 adults resident in one area were interviewed and examined. Of 186 adults who consented to testing, 33 (51%) of 65 who were HIV seropositive reported symptoms of disease compared to 39 (32%) of 121 who were HIV seronegative (OR 2.2, 95%CI 1.1-4.2; P=0.02). Peripheral blood CD4 counts in HIV seronegative individuals were broadly similar to norms in developed countries, but 8 (7%) had CD4 counts below 500 cells/microl. Morbidity in HIV seropositive adults was dominated by tuberculosis (n=11), other respiratory infections (5) or persistent diarrhoea (4), and affected individuals had a wide range of CD4 counts. Nutritional impairment was evident in HIV seropositive adults with clinical evidence of opportunistic infection (OI), not those with asymptomatic HIV infection. Unexpectedly, we also noted that systolic blood pressure was reduced progressively in HIV infection and in those with OI. In conclusion, HIV-related morbidity was dominated by a small number of treatable infectious diseases occurring over a wide range of CD4 count. Nutritional impairment was associated with OI.
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PMID:Morbidity and nutritional impairment in relation to CD4 count in a Zambian population with high HIV prevalence. 1208 56


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