Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We measured plasma concentrations of soluble receptors for IL-2 (sIL-2R) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in 149 haemophilia patients. Soluble IL-2R levels were elevated in 37% of 62 HIV-seronegative patients (mean 570 +/- 27 U/ml versus 361 +/- 17 U/ml in the control group, P less than 0.0001), in 78% of 68 HIV-seropositive patients (928 +/- 49 U/ml, P less than 0.0001), and in 95% of 19 AIDS/ARC patients (1578 +/- 199 U/ml, P less than 0.0001 compared with controls and with HIV-seronegative patients; P less than 0.005 compared with HIV-seropositive asymptomatic patients). A negative correlation was observed between sIL-2R, relative and absolute numbers of CD4+ cells (P less than 0.0001), and CD4/CD8 ratios (P less than 0.0001). There was also a negative correlation between sIL-2R in plasma and the cellular expression of IL-2R (P less than 0.001). We found a significant association of sIL-2R and plasma neopterin (P less than 0.0001). With progression of the disease from HIV-seronegative to seropositive without symptoms and to full manifestation of AIDS/ARC, sIL-2R plasma levels increased. The highest levels were found at the time of diagnosis of AIDS/ARC, but the levels decreased again during the following 18 months. Eight per cent of HIV-seronegative patients, 32% of HIV-seropositive patients, and 24% of patients with AIDS/ARC had increased plasma TNF-alpha. We conclude that sIL-2R and TNF-alpha plasma levels are elevated in HIV-infected haemophilia patients and that sIL-2R is a marker for disease progression from asymptomatic HIV-seropositive to AIDS/ARC.
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PMID:Soluble IL-2 receptor and tumour necrosis factor-alpha in plasma of haemophilia patients infected with HIV. 173 93

To investigate the influence of HLA specificities on the rate of progression and outcome of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, we performed (a) a case-control study in 1989-1990 of HIV-seropositive individuals stratified by both risk behavior and ethnic background, (b) a longitudinal cohort study of HIV-infected male homosexuals enrolled in 1981-1982, and (c) an analysis of individuals with a diffuse infiltrative CD8 lymphocytosis syndrome. In the case-control study, there was a significantly higher frequency of HLA-B35 among intravenous drug users, but not homosexuals, who developed illnesses meeting the case definition for AIDS compared with asymptomatic HIV-positive controls, regardless of ethnic status. In the longitudinal study, HLA-B35-positive homosexuals had a significantly increased rate of progression to AIDS and decreased survival over a 7-year period compared with those without this specificity. Finally, there was a significantly decreased frequency of HLA-B35 in individuals with the diffuse infiltrative lymphocytosis syndrome, a clinically and genetically distinctive disorder occurring in HIV infection in which a low rate of progression to opportunistic infections was found. The high rate of salivary and lacrimal gland lymphoma in this group suggests that there is dissociation between the presence of HLA-B35 and the development of particular AIDS-defining conditions. We conclude that HLA-B35 is a risk factor for more rapid progression to AIDS, particularly opportunistic infections and Kaposi's sarcoma, operating in groups with high rates of newly acquired HIV infections such as New York City male homosexuals in 1981-1982, and intravenous drug users in 1989-1990.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:HLA-B35 is associated with accelerated progression to AIDS. 173 86

Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia (LIP) is a rare form of interstitial pneumonia with infiltration of mononuclear cells in the interstitium, the pathogenesis of which is unknown. We studied six patients with LIP to investigate the immunologic characteristics of lymphocytes in the lower respiratory tract and the possible involvement of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I), which is endemic in the southwestern region of Japan. Lymphocyte surface antigen phenotyping in peripheral blood (PB) and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cells revealed a predominance of CD8 positive (suppressor/cytotoxic) T-lymphocytes (PB: 51.5 +/- 0.8%; BALF: 52.9 +/- 12.7%), which consisted of an increased number of CD8 positive CD11 negative (cytotoxic) T-lymphocytes (PB: 30.2 +/- 10.5%; BALF: 57.1 +/- 11.8%). The increased number of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes among patients with LIP led us to investigate the possible involvement of HTLV-I, EB virus, and HIV in patients with chronic interstitial disorders of LIP, sarcoidosis, and IPF. The seropositivity rate for HTLV-I was 83.7% (5/6) in patients with LIP, 3.1% (1/28) with IPF, 7.1% (2/28) with sarcoidosis, and 0% (0/28) in healthy volunteers. None of the patients were seropositive for either HIV or EB virus. These results suggest that HTLV-I may be involved in a direct or indirect role in the pathologic mechanisms through the host immune reaction to the antigenicity of the virus and/or the possible involvement of viral regulatory genes to disrupt the normal immune reaction of the host.
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PMID:Detection of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I-related antibodies in patients with lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia. 174 50

To analyze the proliferative capacity of CD4+ or CD8+ T-cell subsets of individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and to optimize the in vitro conditions for virus replication, CD4+ or CD8+ cells of HIV-1-infected patients were selectively activated inside the whole peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PMNC) population by dual antibody stimulation. To do so PMNC of HIV-1-infected individuals were stimulated with the per se nonmitogenic anti-CD3 antibody fragment BMA030 F(ab)2 crosslinked through goat antimouse antibodies with an anti-CD4 or an anti-CD8 antibody, which lead to selective proliferation of either the CD4+ or the CD8+ T-cell subset. In the presence of monocyte supernatant and recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL2) CD4+ cells of HIV-1 patients responded normally upon such stimulation as their proliferation correlated (r = 0.9) to the percentage CD4+ cells present in the PMNC population. Selective stimulation and proliferation of CD8+ cells could, however, only partially be elicited by dual antibody stimulation, even in the presence of rIL-2 and monocyte supernatant. Their proliferative response did not correspond (r = 0.1) to the percentage CD8+ cells present in the PMNC culture. A positive correlation (r = 0.7) was detected only between percentage CD8+ HLA-DR- cells and proliferation. This confirmed previous studies showing that the defective in vitro proliferative response of peripheral blood lymphocytes of HIV-infected individuals to mitogens, which is usually interpreted being due to a CD4 cell defect, is actually due to a failure of CD8+DR+ cells to proliferate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Selective stimulation of CD4+ versus CD8+ T-cell subsets in symptomatic and asymptomatic HIV-1-infected individuals. 174 84

We endeavored to study lymphoproliferative responses in children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and to compare them with normal control children. Children were grouped according to age; 6-18 months and greater than 18 months, and according to CDC classification: asymptomatic (P1), mildly symptomatic (P2A), and advanced symptoms (P2D). Absolute CD4 and CD8 numbers were compared and found to be higher in the younger age groups. The children in P1 and P2A classes demonstrated an increase in CD8+ cells; only the children with AIDS showed a significant decrease in CD4+ cells. Lymphoproliferative responses to phytohemagglutinin A (PHA) were compared to tetanus toxoid. Only the children with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) (P2D) in the older group and only the symptomatic children (P2A and P2D) in the younger group showed a significant decrease in proliferative responses to PHA. All classes of infected children demonstrated a significant decrease in response to tetanus toxoid. We have been able to demonstrate a loss of antigen responsiveness which precedes the loss of mitogenic responsiveness. Furthermore, we have been able to demonstrate an age related increase in lymphoproliferative responses to both PHA and tetanus in HIV-infected and control children. Therefore, we conclude that children are particularly susceptible to the immunologic effects of HIV infection. Loss of lymphoproliferative responses to antigen occurs early in infected children and precedes the loss of CD4+ helper cells and of PHA responsiveness. This increased susceptibility to the immunopathogenesis of HIV infection is due, at least in part, to the relative immunodeficiency of infancy.
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PMID:Lymphoproliferative responses to mitogen and antigen in HIV-infected children. 174 85

A 29-year-old man, a known heroin addict until 1984 in whom HIV antibodies had been first demonstrated in 1985, was hospitalized because of fever, nocturnal sweating, weight loss and treatment-resistant diarrhoea. An opportunistic infection of the gastrointestinal tract was excluded microbiologically and serologically. Coloscopy and biopsy revealed a highly malignant gastrointestinal B-cell lymphoma, which had caused a spontaneous rectosigmoid-ileum fistula. Lymphoma infiltrations were also found in the duodenum, jejunum, left lung and brain. Because the underlying disease was far progressed (CD4/CD8 ratio: 0.04) and the patient was in a poor general condition neither surgery nor chemotherapy was undertaken. He died of cerebral lymphoma involvement. Gastrointestinal lymphoma should be included in the differential diagnosis of chronic diarrhoea in HIV-positive patients.
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PMID:[A fistula between the rectosigmoid junction and the ileum as a complication of highly malignant AIDS-associated lymphoma]. 174 69

Nutritional deficiencies have been documented to affect immune function. The present study indicates that vitamin B6 deficiency is prevalent in CDC stage III HIV-1-infected subjects, despite adequate dietary vitamin B6 intake. As vitamin B6 deficiency has been previously shown to affect immune function, these relatively asymptomatic HIV-1-infected patients were examined for evidence of a relationship between vitamin B6 deficiency and immune dysregulation. Vitamin B6 status in HIV-1-infected subjects was significantly associated with functional parameters of immunity [multivariate F(3,36) = 3.70, p less than or equal to 0.02]. Additional analyses indicated that overtly deficient participants exhibited significantly decreased lymphocyte responsiveness to the mitogens phytohemagglutinin and pokeweed, and reduced natural killer cell cytotoxicity, compared to subjects with clearly adequate vitamin B6 status (chi 2 = 8.78, df = 3, p less than 0.04). Vitamin B6 status was not related to immune cell subpopulations, e.g., CD4, CD8 cell number, or level of serum immunoglobulins. The results of this study indicate that while vitamin B6 status is not a primary etiological factor in HIV-1-related immunological dysregulation, it appears to be an important cofactor of immune function.
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PMID:Association of vitamin B6 status with parameters of immune function in early HIV-1 infection. 175 40

Using fresh whole blood or isolated lymphocytes, the activity of in vivo generated cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL) was measured as the OKT3-specific lysis of HL-60 targets, in a cross-sectional study of 53 HIV (+) patients. CTL activity in the entire HIV(+) group was two to three times higher than in HIV(-) controls, with WHO stage 3 (=pre-AIDS) patients showing the highest cytolytic function. The whole-blood CTL assay was validated and its practical and theoretical advantages are discussed. Within the CD8(+) cells, the number and proportion of the CD45RO(+) "memory" subset were significantly increased in HIV(+) subjects. The HLA-DR(+) subset rose most spectacularly in the asymptomatic stage of the infection, while the CD38(+) subset was the only one still significantly rising between the pre-AIDS and the AIDS stage. CTL activity was most closely correlated with T8 cells expressing the CD38 marker. In the context of CTL, CD38 thus seems to reflect activation rather than immaturity. Lymphocytes from HIV(+) subjects with a high OKT3-specific lytic capacity also destroyed normal lymphoblasts to a significant extent, pointing to their possible involvement in an autodestructive process. Our data thus suggest the importance of T8 cytolytic function and/or T8 subtyping in the immunopathogenesis and the prognosis of HIV infection.
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PMID:Subset markers of CD8(+) cells and their relation to enhanced cytotoxic T-cell activity during human immunodeficiency virus infection. 176 40

In earlier studies, primary proliferative and cytotoxic T-cell (CTL) responses to influenza virus were produced in vitro by using mouse dendritic cells (DC) pulsed with virus or viral peptide as the stimulus for syngeneic T cells in 20-microliters hanging-drop cultures. We have now adapted this system for producing primary responses with cells from non-immune donors to produce primary proliferative and CTL responses to human immunodeficiency virus I (HIV) and to HIV peptides in vitro using cells from normal human peripheral blood. All donors in this study were laboratory personnel with no history of HIV infection. DC enriched from peripheral blood were exposed to HIV in vitro and small numbers were added to T lymphocytes in 20-microliters hanging drops. Proliferative responses to virus-infected DC were obtained after 3 days in culture. After 6 days, CTL were obtained that killed virus-infected autologous--but not allogeneic--phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated blast cells. Proliferative and CTL responses were obtained using cells from 14 random donors expressing a spectrum of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) types but the CTL, once produced, showed killing restricted by the MHC class I type. Treatment of cultures with monoclonal antibody (mAb) to CD4-positive cells at the beginning of culture blocked the development of both proliferative and CTL responses, but treatment after 5 days had no effect on the CTL activity. Treatment with MCA to CD8-positive cells at the beginning of culture did not block proliferation significantly, but treatment either before or after the 5-day culture period blocked CTL responses. Collaboration between proliferating CD4-positive cells and CD8-positive cells may thus be required to produce CTL of the CD8 phenotype. DC exposed to HIV also produced CTL that killed autologous blast cells pulsed with gp120 envelope glycoprotein. However, DC infected with whole virus did not produce CTL that lysed target cells pulsed with a synthetic peptide, which included a known T-cell epitope of gp120 (representing amino acids 111-126). DC pulsed with gp120 were a poor stimulus for the development of CTL. In contrast, DC pulsed with the peptide (111-126) stimulated both proliferative and CTL responses. The latter killed not only target cells pulsed with the peptide itself or with gp120 but also killed virus-infected autologous blast cells. CTL were again obtained reproducibly with this peptide using donors expressing a spectrum of MHC types.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Primary proliferative and cytotoxic T-cell responses to HIV induced in vitro by human dendritic cells. 176 89

Circulating HIV P24 antigen, beta 2-microglobulin, neopterin, soluble CD4, soluble CD8, and soluble interleukin-2 receptor were measured in 13 zidovudine-intolerant patients (8 with ARC and 5 with AIDS) treated with dideoxyinosine (ddI). Measurements were made at baseline and at several intervals during therapy. Mean levels of HIV P24 antigen decreased early and significantly (P less than 0.01) after 2 weeks of ddI administration and remained low at weeks 8 and 12. In addition, mean SCD8 levels decreased late and significantly (P less than 0.02) after 16 weeks of ddI treatment and remained low at 24 weeks. In contrast, ddI administration had no substantial effect on mean levels of beta 2-microglobulin, neopterin, soluble CD4, and soluble interleukin-2 receptor. ddI administration appears to have been associated with early reduction of HIV P24 antigen levels and later reduction of SCD8 mean levels in these patients.
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PMID:Evaluation of HIV P24 antigen, beta 2-microglobulin, neopterin, soluble CD4, soluble CD8, and soluble interleukin-2 receptor levels in patients with AIDS or AIDS-related complex treated with 2',3'-dideoxyinosine (ddI). 177 3


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