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Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sexual abuse has devastating effects on women and girls, and has been shown to be a significant factor in further abuse or in risky sexual behavior. Several researchers have written of a link between abuse and HIV infection, and the large HIV Epidemiology Research Study (HERS) and the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) confirm these findings. Childhood sexual abuse is emerging as a primary risk factor in HIV infection, and physical violence is a major risk factor in HIV mortality. Childhood sexual abuse may also lead to less satisfactory patient-doctor relationships in individuals who have historically withheld information from their health care providers. Guidelines are included for dealing with patients who have been sexually traumatized in the past.
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PMID:Childhood sexual abuse as an HIV risk factor in women. 1136 47

A New York Appeals Court ruled that a trial judge did not have authority to order HIV testing in a case where a defendant was indicted on first-degree rape charges but pleaded guilty to a lesser charge of first-degree attempted sexual abuse. In [name removed]. v. [Name removed] included the testing requirement as part of the sentence, and the defendant challenged it. Under New York law, only defendants convicted of acts that could transmit the virus can be ordered tested; those acts include sexual intercourse and deviate sexual intercourse. An indictment is not adequate grounds to compel testing.
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PMID:New York judge lacked power to order HIV test of defendant. 1136 11

A gay man convicted of larceny and having a history of sexual abuse has escaped incarceration and was placed on probation because his appearance and mannerism would make him a target for rape. The argument that the defendant's HIV infection would endanger others if he were released was rejected by the judge because no evidence suggested the defendant exhibited harmful behavior to others.
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PMID:Judge grants defendant leniency because of risk of rape in prison. 1136 21

A Federal judge in Pennsylvania has ruled that it was objectively reasonable to deny placing a foster child in a family with an HIV-infected member, saying the risk of HIV transmission was too high. This is the first time the "direct threat" exclusion has been applied to the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and Rehabilitation Act in the context of foster care placement. The plaintiffs had raised several foster care children and had adopted one with AIDS. The county suspended processing of the couple's foster care application after learning of the child with AIDS. The couple sued, first claiming racial discrimination, and then claiming ADA protection. The U.S. District Judge dismissed the race based claims and used statistics supplied by the Children and Youth Services office as a basis to deny the application. The judge determined the child's HIV infection posed a "direct threat" because of the high incidence of sexual abuse among children supervised by the agency. A sidebar contains additional statements from the plaintiffs' attorney.
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PMID:Family loses bid for foster care due to high risk of infection. 1136 30

This bibliography lists articles related to treating HIV in young patients. Topics include treatment of dissociation in young men who have been infected as a result of sexual abuse; development of youth-based treatment approaches; attitudes and risk behavior of young mothers with HIV; and specific prevention programs for adolescents with HIV. Contact information is included.
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PMID:Clearinghouse: youth and HIV. 1136 3

Even a few decades ago, it was considered normal and even desirable in Latin America for young women to become pregnant before they were 20--provided they were married; while young men were expected to become sexually active as soon as they entered adolescence, without much concern about potential risks or with whom they did so--as long as it was a woman. This view is now changing. There seems to be a general consensus that 'education' is necessary to prevent adolescent pregnancy, abortion, STI/HIV and sexual abuse. Attempts to reach agreement as to what kind of education and where, and how and when to provide it often fail, however, because of the conflicting views of sexuality upon which they are based. This article discusses conflicting concepts of sexuality and describes the theory of critical pedagogy followed by AVESA, a Venezuelan NGO whose work focuses on sexuality, problems of sexuality and alternative sex education. It describes AVESA's practical experience in training youth promoters and running on ongoing youth education programme in sexual and reproductive health. AVESA advocates an educational alternative that builds self-awareness and a critical understanding of social reality. We encourage individuals to engage with their own history and circumstances in order to be able to experience their sexuality in a full, responsible, pleasurable and just manner.
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PMID:Self-aware sex education: a theoretical and practical approach in Venezuela. 1146 30

A male with bulimia nervosa is reported whose homosexual behavior resulted in HIV infection. The goal of this case study is to shed light on the course characteristics of bulimia nervosa occurring together with HIV infection in connection with homosexuality. The patient had experienced a number of traumas including sexual abuse, which surely had an influence on his developing bulimia nervosa. His longing for slimness, shown by the excessive preoccupation and dissatisfaction with body shape and weight may be considered typical for bulimia nervosa in homosexual men. Furthermore, male subjects with eating disorders often seem to be overweight prior to the start of bulimia nervosa, which also was the case in this subject. The course of his HIV infection so far has had no effect on severity of the bulimic symptoms. However, his bulimia nervosa apparently did had negative effects on the course of the HIV infection.
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PMID:[Bulimia nervosa in homosexuality and HIV infection in the man. Case report]. 1147 30

Our objectives were (1) to assess the number of young people aged under 16 years attending genitourinary medicine (GUM) departments in the UK in 1998; (2) to identify clinical activity and policy; (3) to determine the knowledge and training needs of healthcare professionals within GUM providing care for this client group. In July 1999 a questionnaire was circulated via the 18 regional British Co-operative Clinical Group (BCCG) representatives to the consultants in charge of all 197 main GUM departments in the UK. One hundred and sixty out of 197 (81%) completed questionnaires were returned and analysed. The reported number of under-16-year-olds attending in 1998 varied considerably between clinics; for females ranging from 0 to 256 and for males between 0 and 50, with a male to female ratio of 1:4.4. The majority of responding clinics, 139/160 (87%) had been involved in the screening of abused children/adolescents for sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Most clinics were prepared to screen for STI (86%), HIV test (79%) and assess contraceptive needs (50%) in this age group. Staff involved in care included health advisers (74), nurses (59), and doctors (138) in the responding clinics. Only 31/160 clinics (19%) had a written policy for the management of children/adolescents attending their clinic. The majority of respondents were aware of their child protection policy [122/154 (79%)] and designated child sexual abuse doctor, [125/157 (80%)] in their district. When questioned on previous and current training needs, 134/160 (84%) respondents identified their need for further training in the area of adolescent sexual health and 124/160 (78%) in child sex abuse. The publication Physical Signs of Sexual Abuse in Children, was known to 112/160 (70%) respondents, of whom 58/112 (52%) who answered this question had read the publication. Genitourinary physicians in the UK are aware of the increasing number of children and adolescents accessing their services, and recognize the need to identify those in abusive situations. Written policies dealing with children and adolescents in GUM clinics in the UK are lacking. This needs to be rectified urgently. This survey identifies that further training in the field of child sexual abuse and adolescent sexual health would be welcomed by the respondents.
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PMID:Screening for sexually transmitted infections in children and adolescents in the United Kingdom: British Co-operative Clinical Group. 1148 86

The experience of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) among men, particularly men who have sex with men (MSM), is poorly understood. Consequently, the long-term psychological and behavioral consequences of this phenomenon are unclear. This article provides a critique and synthesis of the existing literature on childhood sexual abuse in MSM. After an examination of prevalence estimates reported in the literature, the mental health and substance abuse behaviors in MSM that were the victims of CSA will be examined. In addition, the relationship between CSA and sexual identity development and HIV risk behaviors is critically evaluated. Finally, implications for nursing practice are explored.
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PMID:Childhood sexual abuse in men who have sex with men: the current state of the science. 1156 36

This study investigates the interrelationships among childhood sexual abuse, other types of child maltreatment, emotional and behavioral problems, and HIV risk behaviors in a sample of 167 adolescents, aged 15-19, participating in an independent living preparation program in one midwestern county. Thirty-three percent of the youths identified as white and 67% as youths of color. The sample was almost evenly split by gender (51% male and 49% female). Thirty-five percent of the youths (n = 59) reported some form of sexual abuse; 21 reported unwanted touching, with no unwanted intercourse, and 38 reported unwanted intercourse. Multivariate analyses demonstrated a significant relationship between the severity of sexual abuse and youths' recent HIV risk behaviors, after accounting for the contribution of other childhood trauma and emotional and behavioral problems. The findings support the need for HIV prevention programs targeting sexually abused youths.
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PMID:Untangling the impact of sexual abuse on HIV risk behaviors among youths in foster care. 1156 96


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