Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

During a ten month period, 117 fibreoptic bronchoscopies and bronchoalveolar lavages (BAL) were performed in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients suspected of having opportunistic pulmonary infections. The BAL were classified into 3 groups, according to clinical manifestations related to HIV infection at the time of fibreoptic bronchoscopy: pre-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) (n = 54), AIDS with Kaposi's sarcoma (n = 37), AIDS without Kaposi's sarcoma (n = 26). On chest X-ray, diffuse infiltrates were most common (54%), followed by normal X-rays (24%) and localized infiltrates (18%). Amongst the 117 BAL, 68 (58%) yielded at least one opportunistic agent. In 28 BAL performed for pulmonary signs or unexplained fever with normal chest X-rays, one or several opportunistic agents were isolated in 17 samples of BAL fluid. The most frequently identified opportunistic agents were Pneumocystis carinii (in 38% of BAL) and cytomegalovirus (35%); these were associated in 17% of BAL. There was no statistically significant difference in opportunistic agents among the 3 groups of BAL (pre-AIDS, AIDS with Kaposi's sarcoma, AIDS without Kaposi's sarcoma). In particular, cytomegalovirus was found in BAL with the same frequency in these 3 groups.
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PMID:Opportunistic agents in bronchoalveolar lavage in 99 HIV seropositive patients. 216 Mar 74

Neoplasms associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) present unique therapeutic challenges. High-grade systemic lymphomas, although often responsive to standard chemotherapy, will require the addition of CSFs, infection prophylaxis, and antiretroviral drugs to overcome poor marrow reserves, short response durations, and opportunistic infections. Treatment of primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphomas is complicated by their frequent occurrence as a late complication in debilitated patients. AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is a unique neoplasm whose pathogenesis is only beginning to be understood. Although responsive to standard therapy (RT, chemotherapy), considerable attention has been focused on the therapeutic potential of BRMs. Interferon alpha (IFN-alpha), which combines antiviral, antiproliferative, and immunoregulatory activities, has significant anti-KS activity, particularly in symptom-free patients with mild immunosuppression. Preliminary data links IFN-induced regression of KS to its anti-HIV activity and supports a role for endogenous IFN-alpha in the induction of refractoriness to IFN treatment. Recent data suggest synergistic anti-HIV and anti-KS activity for the combination of IFN-alpha and AZT. Additional study is needed to evaluate IFN effects on autocrine growth factors regulating the growth of KS.
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PMID:Treatment of AIDS-associated malignancy. 220 43

Therapy of AIDS comprises two aspects: (1) causative therapy, directed against HIV, and (2) symptomatic therapy of opportunistic infections and malignancies. The best results regarding antiretroviral therapy - both in vitro and in vivo - have been obtained, so far, with inhibitors of reverse transcriptase. We discuss the mechanism of action, the efficacy, and the side effects of AZT, a nucleoside analogue, and comment on combined therapies with acyclovir and immunomodulators. We report on the therapy of the most frequent opportunistic infection - i.e. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia - with sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim and pentamidine as well as the chemoprophylaxis of this disease. During the last few years, important progress has been made in the field of antiviral chemotherapy (HSV, CMV, VZV) and the therapy of gastrointestinal infections. Moreover, the therapy of Kaposi's sarcoma associated with AIDS and that of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma has been established by now.
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PMID:[AIDS therapy]. 220 64

From August 1986 to May 1989, 15 patients suffering from Kaposi's sarcoma and serologically proven HIV infections were treated in the Department of Radiotherapy, University of Cologne, Medical Hospital. All patients were male and homosexual. Therapeutic objectives were palliation of pain and functional impairment as well as elimination of the cosmetically disturbing Kaposi's sarcoma. 68 localizations (facial skin, torso, extremities, sole of the foot, penis, oral mucosa and oropharynx) were irradiated. Depending on the individual therapy regimen, photons or high-energy electrons up to a total dose of 26 to 40 Gy, with single doses of 1.8 to 2.5 Gy were applied four to five times a week. In 66% of the cases, complete remission was achieved within the area of irradiation at the dermal or mucosal level, with at most a discrete residual pigmentation of the cluster remaining. Partial remission with at least 50% regression or a distinctive residual pigmentation was achieved in 31%. In 3% of the cases, a less than 50% regression of the Kaposi's lesions were achieved after radiotherapy. There were five local recurrences. Treatment with radiation is an effective local therapy in epidemic Kaposi's sarcoma and yields good functional and cosmetic results and also provides relief from pain.
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PMID:[The radiotherapy of epidemic Kaposi's sarcomas in AIDS patients]. 226 7

5 cases of epidemic Kaposi's sarcoma in 5 homosexual males with HIV infection are presented. All of them died 3, 8, 9, 11, 24 months, respectively, after the initial diagnosis. We review the actual therapeutic possibilities of this neoplasia.
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PMID:[Epidemic Kaposi's sarcoma. A study of 5 cases]. 249 Oct 88

In the last several years, the biologic modification of the immune system has become one of the therapeutic alternatives in medicine. The use of interferon alpha has resulted in both antineoplastic and antiviral effects in patients with AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma. Trials currently underway will determine whether or not this drug, either alone or in combination with zidovudine, is of overall value to patients with early stages of HIV-1 infection. Hematopoietic growth factors, GM-CSF and erythropoietin in particular, offer new hope that the bone marrow suppressing toxicities of certain therapeutic agents such as zidovudine and ganciclovir can be ameliorated, thus allowing the more aggressive use of these important medications. Although a variety of non-biologic immunomodulators have been evaluated in patients with HIV-1 infection, none thus far has shown the clear clinical advantage that has been demonstrated for zidovudine and a variety of clinical trials continue in this area. The area of immunologic reconstitution, although promising in concept, has been disappointing in practice, even in combination with zidovudine. Recent approaches to immunomodulation have included active immunotherapy involving immunization of HIV-1 infected individuals with either inactivated virus or recombinant HIV-1 proteins. Continued investigation of the role of immunomodulation in the therapy of patients with HIV-1 infection should be of value, not only in developing better therapies for patients with HIV-infection, but also in helping develop a better understanding of the nature of the immunologic defects seen in the context of this infection.
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PMID:The role of immunomodulators in the treatment of patients with AIDS. 251 35

Recently, an increasing incidence of oral Kaposi's sarcoma in association with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has been observed. This article describes the clinical features and the histopathologic spectrum of oral epidemic Kaposi's sarcoma in six HIV-positive patients. Etiopathogenic, epidemiologic, therapeutic aspects of Kaposi's sarcoma of the oral cavity and its interrelationship with AIDS are discussed.
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PMID:[Oral Kaposi's sarcoma: the clinical and histopathological spectrum]. 261 37

AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) has a better prognosis than other presentations of AIDS. It is more frequent among homo-bisexual men than in other risk groups. This has raised the possibility of specific etiological agent(s) or co-factor(s) which induce its development. However, this suggestion is confusing since it implies that exposure to such agent(s) or co-factor(s) would result in an improved prognosis. Recent virological studies indicate that the HIV itself could be responsible for the induction or growth of KS. Since HIV antigenemia and the immunosuppression are lower among KS cases than among those with opportunistic infections (OI), we could expect a lower level of exposure to AIDS-related factors in KS cases as compared to OI cases. To investigate this possibility, we compared 25 cases with Kaposi's sarcoma alone (KS) with 25 cases having OI without KS, among homo-bisexual men. The KS cases were more likely than OI cases to have a higher educational level. They were less likely to have inhaled nitrites, to have had repeated syphilis and repeated gonorrhoea, and to be promiscuous. In the multivariate analysis, the factors which best discriminated the groups were nitrite inhalations, history of repeated syphilis, and anonymous promiscuity ("one-night stands"). Our study does not support the hypothesized association between nitrite inhalations and Kaposi's sarcoma. We found that cases with opportunistic infections - that is, with a poor prognosis - had been exposed to AIDS-related risk factors (e.g. history of venereal diseases, nitrite inhalations, promiscuity) at higher levels than cases with Kaposi's sarcoma alone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Possible correlation between exposure to AIDS risk factors, clinical presentation in AIDS, and subsequent prognosis. 279 9

A six-year-old Hispanic female with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and multiple opportunistic infections was found to have disseminated lymphadenopathic Kaposi's sarcoma at autopsy. She was presumed to have been infected via maternal transmission, although both HIV antibody positive parents were asymptomatic. Kaposi's sarcoma is rarely reported in pediatric AIDS, and children may not have the typical aggressive cutaneous lesions found in adults with AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma.
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PMID:Lymphadenopathic Kaposi's sarcoma in a pediatric patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. 279 71

The sera of well-characterized populations were examined for three markers of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection; HIV antigen (HIV Ag), and antibodies to HIV envelope (gp41) and core (p24) proteins. Of 563 serum samples tested, 251 were from HIV-infected patients diagnosed as having AIDS manifested by opportunistic infections (AIDS-OI), AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma (AIDS-KS), or AIDS-related complex (ARC). One hundred seventy-six specimens tested were from asymptomatic high-risk individuals, and 136 were from heterosexual control subjects or patients with non-AIDS-related disease. None of the 136 control individuals tested had HIV Ag or HIV antibodies to either p24 or gp41. Of the 427 HIV-seropositive individuals, 99% to 100% were positive for gp41 antibodies to HIV. In contrast, the seroprevalence of p24 antibodies to HIV varied from 23% to 83% and appeared to be inversely associated with the severity of the patients' clinical symptoms. When specimens were analyzed for the presence of HIV Ag, in seropositive individuals the prevalence rate for this marker was lowest (1.4%) in asymptomatic individuals and highest (50%) in the AIDS-OI diagnosed group. Also, 240 cases with AIDS-KS, AIDS-OI, and ARC and the group of asymptomatic high-risk individuals were analyzed for T helper/T lymphocytes (T4) cell number and T4/T8 ratio; only one (2.0%) HIV Ag-positive case showed a T4 cell number greater than 400 and a normal T4/T8 ratio. These studies appear to demonstrate a direct correlation between the presence of HIV Ag and the severity of clinical complications of HIV infection.
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PMID:Detection of HIV antigen and specific antibodies to HIV core and envelope proteins in sera of patients with HIV infection. 288 62


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