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Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The objective of this study is to analyse the social inequalities in health status, health related behaviours and mortality among the 25-64 years Spanish population. Data come from the 1997 Spanish National Health Survey, the 1999 Spanish National Survey on Working Conditions, the 2001 Yearbook of Labour and Social Affairs Statistics and the 1998 Mortality Statistics. Most health-related behaviours are more unfavourable for men (smoking, alcohol consumption and overweight) and for less privileged social classes. Among women, entrance into the labour market is associated with more unhealthy behaviours except for overweight. Low weight, however, is more frequent among employed females. Self-perceived health status is better among men, more privileged social class persons and among workers. Whereas classical physical job hazards and work injuries mostly affect men, the impact of psychosocial job hazards and of exposures derived from the domestic work is higher for women. As in other developed countries, the paradox exists that whereas women have a poorer self-perceived health status, mortality is higher among men. The male excess in mortality is related to health-related behaviours that to a great extent are determined by traditional values assigned to masculinity, with higher consumption of tobacco (lung cancer), alcohol (cirrhosis), drugs (HIV and AIDS) and risky behaviours related to injuries. Health policies should take into account social inequalities in health determined by gender, social class and employment status. For doing so, it is important to increase the development of research on social inequalities and of health information systems sensitive to social inequalities.
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PMID:[Adult health]. 1517 59

This review is based on research-based literature on occupational lung disease in the mining and related industries, focusing on conditions of public health importance arising from asbestos, coal and silica exposure. Both 'traditional' and 'new' concerns about occupational respiratory disease in miners are addressed, with the inclusion of practical evidence-based findings relevant to practitioners working in developed and developing countries. Mining is not a homogeneous industry since current miners work in formal and informal operations with numerous, and often multiple, air-borne exposures. A further occupational health challenge facing primary care practitioners are ex-miners presenting with disease only after long latency. The sequelae of silica exposure remain an occupational health priority, particularly for practitioners who serve populations with concomitant HIV and tuberculosis infection and even when exposure is apparently below the statutory occupational exposure level. Coal workers' pneumoconiosis, asbestos related diseases, lung cancer and other occupational respiratory diseases remain of considerable importance even after mining operations cease. While mining exposures contribute significantly to lung disease, smoking is a major factor in the development of lung cancer and chronic obstructive airways disease necessitating a comprehensive approach for prevention and control of mining-related occupational lung disease.
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PMID:Occupational respiratory disease in mining. 1569 97

Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is an easy-to-use, non-invasive and reproducible technique to evaluate changes in body composition and nutritional status. Phase angle, determined by BIA, has been found to be a prognostic indicator in several chronic conditions, such as HIV, liver cirrhosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer, and in patients undergoing dialysis. The present study investigated the prognostic role of phase angle in advanced pancreatic cancer. We evaluated a case series of fifty-eight stage IV pancreatic cancer patients treated at Cancer Treatment Centers of America at Midwestern Regional Medical Center (Zion, IL, USA) between January 2000 and July 2003. BIA was conducted on all patients using a bioelectrical impedance analyser that operated at 50 kHz. The phase angle was calculated as capacitance (Xc)/resistance (R) and expressed in degrees. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate survival. Cox proportional hazard models were constructed to evaluate the prognostic effect of phase angle independent of other clinical and nutritional variables. The correlations between phase angle and traditional nutritional measures were evaluated using Pearson and Spearman coefficients. Patients with phase angle <5.0 degrees had a median survival time of 6.3 (95% CI 3.5, 9.2) months (n 29), while those with phase angle >5.0 degrees had a median survival time of 10.2 (95% CI 9.6, 10.8) months (n 29); this difference was statistically significant (P=0.02). The present study demonstrates that phase angle is a strong prognostic indicator in advanced pancreatic cancer. Similar studies in other cancer settings with larger sample sizes are needed to further validate the prognostic significance of the phase angle.
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PMID:Bioelectrical impedance phase angle as a prognostic indicator in advanced pancreatic cancer. 1561 58

Cryptococcus neoformans commonly causes opportunistic infections in immunocompromised patients, especially in patients with AIDS. CD4+ T-lymphocytopenia in AIDS indicates an increased risk of opportunistic infection and a decline in immunological function. Idiopathic CD4 T-lymphocytopenia (ICL) is characterized by depletions in the CD4+ T-cell subsets, without evidence of HIV infection. Immunodeficiency can exist in the absence of laboratory evidence of HIV infection, and T-cell subsets should be evaluated in patients who present with unusual opportunistic infections. We report a case of pulmonary cryptococcosis and lung cancer in a patient with persistently low CD4+ cell counts, without evidence of HIV infection.
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PMID:A case of pulmonary cryptococcosis with non-small cell lung cancer in idiopathic CD4+ T-lymphocytopenia. 1574 24

The incidence rates of opportunistic diseases, hospital admission and death have fallen markedly since the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). We examined the impact of HAART on the pattern of HIV-related respiratory diseases necessitating hospitalization. We retrospectively compared the numbers and etiologies of respiratory diseases diagnosed in HIV-infected patients hospitalized in the chest department of a Paris university hospital during the three years preceding widespread prescription of HAART in France (era 1, starting in July 1993) and the first three years of widespread HAART prescription (era 2, starting in July 1996). Respectively, 207 and 119 HIV-infected patients were admitted for respiratory disease in era 1 and era 2. Only 31.1% of patients admitted during era 2 were receiving HAART. Pulmonary opportunistic infections other than Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) (p = 0.0008) and exacerbations of chronic bronchial disease due to gram-negative bacilli (p = 0.04) virtually disappeared in era 2. In contrast, PCP, bacterial pneumonia, tuberculosis, pulmonary Kaposi's sarcoma and pulmonary non-Hodgkin lymphoma showed only a twofold decrease in era 2, while lung cancer was more frequent (p = 0.004). The frequency of severe respiratory diseases necessitating hospitalization of HIV-infected patients has fallen since the advent of HAART, and their etiologic distribution has changed.
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PMID:Changes in the pattern of respiratory diseases necessitating hospitalization of HIV-infected patients since the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy. 1576 25

With fewer patients now succumbing to infectious complications of AIDS, other HIV-related morbidities such as malignancies have become increasingly important. Apart from Kaposi's sarcoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and cervical cancer, which are considered as AIDS-defining, several additional cancers, referred to as non-AIDS-defining cancers, are also statistically increased in HIV-infected persons. These include Hodgkin's disease, anal carcinoma, lung cancer, nonmelanomatous skin cancer, and testicular germ cell tumors, among others. However, the types of cancer observed at an increased frequency and the relative risks reported vary widely among studies. Although immunosuppression is consistently associated with an increased risk of AIDS-related malignancies, the role of immunosuppression in the pathogenesis of non-AIDS- defining cancers is controversial. Although data regarding the optimal management of these cancers are lacking, current studies suggest that patients with HIV-associated malignancies should be treated with similar approaches to those of their counterparts in the general population.
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PMID:Non-AIDS-Defining Cancers and HIV Infection. 1584 26

We report a case of small cell lung cancer in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The patient was a 51-year-old man diagnosed 8 years previously as seropositive for HIV, who was admitted to our hospital for re-evaluation of antiretroviral medications due to multidrug resistance. Chest radiograph revealed an abnormal hilar shadow subsequently confirmed to be small cell lung cancer. He received chemotherapy concurrently with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), and lived for 14 months after the diagnosis. The prognosis of lung cancer in HIV-seropositive patients is very poor, and adverse effects of chemotherapy occur more frequently than in other patients. However, the simultaneous antiretroviral agents and combination chemotherapy was successful. Such treatment may be effective despite an otherwise poor prognosis, including HIV infection.
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PMID:A long-term survival case of small cell lung cancer in an HIV-infected patient. 1592 89

Stromal cell derived factor-1 (SDF-1), a CXC chemokine that play important roles in tumor growth, angiogenesis and metastasis of tumor cells, has a polymorphism at position 801 of its 3'-untranslated region, known as SDF1-3'A. This polymorphism has been investigated in HIV-1 infection and the susceptibility to breast cancer. In this investigation 72 lung cancer patients and 262 cases of normal healthy control were investigated for the genotype frequency of SDF-1 gene. Genotype frequency was carried out by PCR-RFLP method. Of 72 cancer patients 9 (12.5%) cases were emerged with AA genotype, 38 (52.8%) patients with AG and 25 (34.7%) with GG genotype. Comparison of these data with genotype frequency of SDF-1 gene of 262 normal healthy controls indicates a significant difference among patient and control groups (P=0.008). Results also showed that the frequency of AA and AG genotypes was higher among patients, while the frequency of GG genotype was lower compared to the controls. By considering the importance of SDF-1 in several physiological processes and also its significant biological behavior in cancer metastasis and on the basis of the results of this study we conclude that AA and AG genotypes of SDF-1 may be considered as factors increasing the susceptibility of Iranian patients to lung cancer.
Lung Cancer 2005 Sep
PMID:Stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) gene and susceptibility of Iranian patients with lung cancer. 1595 92

With fewer patients now succumbing to infectious complications of AIDS, other HIV-related morbidities, such as malignancies, have become increasingly important. Apart from Kaposi's sarcoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and cervical cancer, which are considered as AIDS-defining, several additional cancers, referred to as non-AIDS-defining cancers, are also statistically increased in HIV-infected persons. These include Hodgkin's disease, anal carcinoma, lung cancer, nonmelanomatous skin cancer, and testicular germ cell tumors, among others. However, the types of cancer observed at an increased frequency and the relative risks reported vary widely among studies. Although immunosuppression is consistently associated with an increased risk of AIDS-related malignancies, the role of immunosuppression in the pathogenesis of non-AIDS- defining cancers is controversial. Although data regarding the optimal management of these cancers are lacking, current studies suggest that patients with HIV-associated malignancies should be treated with similar approaches to those of their counterparts in the general population.
Curr HIV/AIDS Rep 2005 Aug
PMID:Non-AIDS-defining cancers and HIV infection. 1609 Dec 62

National attention continues to focus on the need to improve care for individuals with co-occurring mental illnesses and substance use disorders, as emphasized in the 2003 President's New Freedom Commission Report on Mental Health and recent publications from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). These reports document the need for best practice recommendations that can be translated into routine clinical care. Although efforts are underway to synthesize literature in this area, few focused recommendations are available that include expert opinion and evidence-based findings on the management of specific co-occurring disorders, such as schizophrenia and addiction. In response to the need for user-friendly recommendations on the treatment of schizophrenia and addiction, a consensus conference of experts from academic institutions and state mental health systems was organized to 1) frame the problem from clinical and systems-level perspectives; 2) identify effective and problematic psychosocial, pharmacological, and systems practices; and 3) develop a summary publication with recommendations for improving current practice. The results of the consensus meeting served as the foundation for this publication, which presents a broad set of recommendations for clinicians who treat individuals with schizophrenia. "Integrated treatment" is the new standard for evidence-based treatment for this population and recommendations are given to help clinicians implement such integrated treatment. Specific recommendations are provided concerning screening for substance use disorders in patients with schizophrenia, assessing motivation for change, managing medical conditions that commonly occur in patients with dual diagnoses (e.g., cardiovascular disease, liver complications, lung cancer, HIV, and hepatitis B or C infections) and selecting the most appropriate medications for such patients to maximize safety and minimize drug interactions, use of evidence-based psychosocial interventions for patients with dual diagnoses (e.g., Dual Recovery Therapy, modified cognitive-behavioral therapy, modified motivational enhancement therapy, and the Substance Abuse Management Module), and key pharmacotherapy principles for treating schizophrenia, substance use disorders, and comorbid anxiety, depression, and sleep problems in this population. Finally the article reviews programmatic and systemic changes needed to overcome treatment barriers and promote the best outcomes for this patient population. An algorithm summarizing the consensus recommendations is provided in an appendix.
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PMID:Improving the care of individuals with schizophrenia and substance use disorders: consensus recommendations. 1618 72


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