Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In situ hybridization of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) has been performed on eight eyes from eight distinct acquired immune deficiency syndrome patients (three cases had a normal fundus examination and five presented with cytomegalovirus retinitis). The eyes were removed at autopsy and frozen immediately. Contiguous 10-mu cryostat sections were obtained and tested with a HIV probe labeled by nick-translation with [35S]-ATP. HIV-1 RNA was detected in the retina of two acquired immune deficiency syndrome patients. The first positive case presented with typical ophthalmological and histopathological cytomegalovirus retinitis, the second one was not related to cytomegalovirus, according to clinical or histopathological classical criterias. HIV-1 was localized in retinal vascular walls. This shows that there is an active replication of HIV in retina of some acquired immune deficiency syndrome patients.
 ...
PMID:In situ hybridization of HIV-1 RNA in retinal vascular wall. 823 45

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a non-pathogenic organism in the immunocompetent, but is a major cause of morbidity and mortality amongst patients with AIDS, and the retina is the commonest site of infection. If left untreated, patients with CMVR will develop disease in their second eye and ultimately become blind. However, with correct diagnosis and treatment useful vision can be maintained in the majority of cases. Fifteen to 20% of patients with AIDS will contract cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMVR) and this may be the AIDS-defining diagnosis though more commonly it occurs months after the diagnosis of AIDS. Given the increasing number of HIV positive patients and their longer survival, it is likely that CMVR will become an increasingly prevalent condition. In these patients loss of sight from CMVR has devastating consequences in terms of loss of independence and quality of life and therefore ophthalmologists and physicians should be aware of the presenting characteristics of CMVR, be familiar with therapy and its complications, and be able to recognize relapsing infection.
 ...
PMID:Cytomegalovirus retinitis: diagnosis and treatment. 830 71

The medical records, retinal drawings and fundus photographs of all patients with cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMVR) and AIDS in Edinburgh between 1986-1992 were reviewed to determine the efficacy of treatment in preserving vision. Ophthalmoscopic features of CMVR were observed in 32 eyes of 24 patients with AIDS, 19 males and 5 females. HIV transmission in this group was by homo/bisexual contact (16), injection drug use (7) and blood transfusion (1). Unilateral blurring was the commonest visual symptom although 9 (38%) patients had no visual symptoms. All patients presented with a corrected visual acuity of 6/12 or better in at least one eye. Following treatment with systemic ganciclovir or foscarnet 16 patients (66%) developed toxic side-effects of therapy and 13 (54%) experienced a recurrence of CMVR. Four (17%) patients developed a retinal detachment in one eye. The mean survival was 8.3 months after the diagnosis of CMVR. At final follow-up, between 2-26 months after the diagnosis of CMVR, 21 (87.5%) patients retained useful vision (6/18 or better) although 3 (12.5%) were effectively blind (less than 6/60). We conclude that with prompt diagnosis and treatment of CMVR vision can be preserved in the majority of cases.
 ...
PMID:Cytomegalovirus retinitis and AIDS in Edinburgh. 830 75

Some ocular infections, only rarely seen in otherwise healthy individuals, are sometimes seen in patients with immunodeficiencies, i.e., with HIV infection. A typical example is the ophthalmic zoster or luetic uveitis in young individuals which should always imply the possibility of HIV infection. The so called opportunistic infections in contrast are only seen in HIV infection defining the AIDS syndrome. These infections are systemic in origin and only secondarily affecting the eye. Consequently, a therapy concept for these diseases should be developed always involving both, the ophthalmologist and the general physician. Pathogens causing ocular infections are cytomegalovirus (CMV), cryptococcus, pneumocystis carinii, mycobacteria, toxoplasma gondii, histoplasma capsulatum and candida albicans. Under these, CMV retinitis is the commonest infection affecting nearly 20% of all AIDS patients. The clinical findings and therapy of the most frequent ocular infections are discussed and a scheme for the care of these patients introduced.
 ...
PMID:[Opportunistic eye diseases within the scope of HIV infection]. 837 18

As in other organ systems, there are ocular disorders largely unique to HIV such as Kaposi's sarcoma and cytomegalovirus retinitis. Other syndromes, such as acute retinal necrosis, although not unique to HIV infection, are well recognised in this group of patients and are sufficiently uncommon to make one consider HIV infection. However, most ocular signs and symptoms of HIV infection are common and non-specific, and require other clinical clues to raise the suspicion of HIV infection.
 ...
PMID:HIV-related eye disease. 838 Apr 83

Although they are rare, oral ulcers caused by cytomegalovirus infection can occur in immunocompromised people, including those infected with HIV. Once recognized, however, oral CMV lesions can be successfully treated in most cases. Moreover, early recognition permits prompt evaluation for CMV retinitis or disseminated CMV infection, and may help prevent morbidity caused by CMV.
 ...
PMID:Oral CMV lesions and the HIV infected. Early recognition can help prevent morbidity. 838 46

Two cases of cytomegalovirus retinitis in pediatric acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) are described. The first case was a 7-month-old infant who received an HIV-infected blood transfusion in 1983. The infant was treated with specific anti-cytomegalovirus immunoglobulin. The second case was an 8-year-old hemophiliac child who received HIV-infected factor VIII concentrates. Intravenous ganciclovir therapy resulted in marked improvement of ocular lesions. This is, to our best knowledge, the first report of pediatric AIDS-induced retinopathy resulting from postnatal intravenous causes.
 ...
PMID:Cytomegalovirus retinitis in pediatric acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: report of two cases. 839 18

The ability of physicians to screen for AIDS-related cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMVR) was studied at a London AIDS centre. Patients had undergone direct ophthalmoscopy as part of their general examination by the physicians and were referred if fundal abnormalities were found, if a focus of extra-ocular CMVR was present or if the patient complained of visual symptoms. The provisional diagnoses of the physicians were compared with the final diagnoses of the ophthalmologists. Of 348 consecutive patients referred for an ophthalmic opinion, the physicians made the correct diagnosis in 69% of those referred with a provisional diagnosis of CMVR, in 66% of those with normal fundi and in 81% of those with toxoplasma chorioretinitis. Those cases of CMVR which were misdiagnosed by the physicians were usually mistaken for other retinal pathology which would warrant a specialist referral. Screening for CMVR in HIV-positive and AIDS patients may safely be undertaken by physicians familiar with the ocular manifestations of HIV-related disease.
 ...
PMID:Screening for cytomegalovirus retinitis in HIV-positive and AIDS patients. 859 50

Primary care physicians have an important role in diagnosing and treating eye disorders--including dacryocystitis, blepharitis, and conjunctivitis--and in determining when ophthalmologic referral is needed. Fundus examination for diagnosis of glaucoma and diabetic eye complications should be a part of the routine examination in all adults. Patients with HIV or AIDS should be carefully monitored for cytomegalovirus retinitis. Children should be tested for amblyopia. Orbital cellulitis can have serious complications and must be vigorously treated. Finally, careful use of ophthalmologic topical agents, especially corticosteroid drops, is essential.
 ...
PMID:Common eye disorders: six patients to treat, pitfalls to avoid. 860

Foscarnet is used as therapy of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in immunosuppressed subjects. We present a patient with human immunodeficiency virus infection under treatment with foscarnet for CMV retinitis who complained of thirst and polyuria. Laboratory data showed hypernatremia with increased plasma osmolality and metabolic hyperchloremic acidosis. A water deprivation test demonstrated a nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Other laboratory studies, including urine pH, anion gap, titratable acidity, and bicarbonate, showed a distal tubular acidification defect. All abnormalities were transient, with recovery a few days after foscarnet withdrawal. No cases of renal acidosis, and only one case of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, has been previously reported as a complication of foscarnet treatment. Our patient developed both nephrogenic diabetes insipidus and renal tubular acidosis with a temporal pattern that demonstrated a link between foscarnet therapy and these abnormalities.
 ...
PMID:Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus and renal tubular acidosis secondary to foscarnet therapy. 860 15


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>