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Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Bacillary angiomatosis is an infectious disease of the skin and viscera characterized by vascular lesions, originally described in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. There are also case reports of bacillary angiomatosis occurring in immunocompetent patients and in noninfected patients with suppressed immune function. We report a case of bacillary angiomatosis in a child undergoing chemotherapy for acute leukemia.
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PMID:Bacillary angiomatosis in a child undergoing chemotherapy. 140 92

Bacillary angiomatosis is a newly recognized multisystem opportunistic infection seen in the human immunodeficiency virus infection. The disease is marked by papular and nodular vascular skin lesions that clinically resemble Kaposi's sarcoma. Histologically, the lesions are different and show clusters of bacteria showing the structure of Gram negative bacilli staining with Warthin-Starry stain. Transmission electron microscopy shows that the organisms (1 to 2 microns) have a trilamellar wall structure. Treatment with oral erythromycin (2 to 3 g a day) for 2 to 4 weeks rapidly leads to resolution.
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PMID:[Bacillary epithelioid angiomatosis in AIDS. Two cases]. 147 Jun 24

Several inflammatory, infectious, and neoplastic conditions in HIV-infected patients are distinctive or require a biopsy for diagnosis. Some differ subtly from similar conditions seen in noninfected patients. The exanthem of acute HIV infection cannot be diagnosed specifically on biopsy as its histologic appearance is similar to that of other viral exanthemata. A condition that closely resembles seborrheic dermatitis occurs in HIV-infected patients. Plasma cells, necrotic keratinocytes, and leukocytoclasis may be present, in contrast to findings in sporadic seborrheic dermatitis. Psoriasis and Reiter's disease also occur in HIV-infected patients and can be specifically diagnosed as such. The category "psoriasiform dermatitis of AIDS" thus seems to include several distinct entities and not to be a single disease. Bacillary angiomatosis is a treatable infection caused by a rickettsialike organism similar to Rochalimaea quintana, the agent of trench fever. Cutaneous lesions are characterized by lobules of capillaries with protuberant endothelial cells, neutrophils and their debris, and purplish-staining clumps of organisms, which can be demonstrated with silver stains or electron microscopy. An unusual reaction to atypical mycobacterial infection, in which spindle-shaped macrophages are seen, resembles histoid leprosy. Viral skin diseases that may challenge the dermatopathologist include unusual verrucous reactions to chronic varicella-zoster infection and flat warts caused by the human papillomavirus associated with epidermodysplasia verruciformis. Keratinocytes with foamy basophilic cytoplasm may be a marker for one of these viruses, human papillomavirus type 5. Neoplastic complications of HIV disease include Kaposi's sarcoma and mycosis fungoides. The earliest lesions of the patch stage of Kaposi's sarcoma show a slightly increased number of cells with small ovoid nuclei around preexistent structures, accompanied, in some cases, by sparse infiltrates of lymphocytes and plasma cells. Staining with antisera to type IV collagen may highlight the vascular spaces in these early lesions. Later lesions that resemble hemangiomas may also prove challenging and require level sections to demonstrate the presence of spindle cells and eosinophilic globules. Although HIV is cytotoxic to helper T cells, neoplastic proliferations of them may be seen in HIV-infected patients. These cases of mycosis fungoides do not seem to differ from sporadically occurring ones and occur in patients who seem not to be infected by HTLV-I.
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PMID:Dermatopathologic findings in patients infected with HIV. 173 Jan 73

Bacillary angiomatosis is a newly recognized multisystem bacterial infectious disease seen in the setting of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The disease is marked by cutaneous vascular lesions that contain a bacterium similar to the cat scratch disease bacillus. Antibiotic therapy leads to the resolution of both cutaneous and systemic manifestations. Of 17 HIV-infected patients with cutaneous lesions of bacillary angiomatosis, six (35%) had symptomatic osteolytic bone lesions that improved following antibiotic therapy. The authors describe the appearance of the bone lesions on radiographs, computed tomographic (CT) scans, magnetic resonance (MR) images, and radionuclide studies. Osteolytic lesions are a relatively common feature of bacillary angiomatosis in patients with HIV infection. The presence of bone lesions aids in differentiation of bacillary angiomatosis from acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related Kaposi sarcoma, which has similar cutaneous abnormalities but no associated bone lesions.
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PMID:Osteolytic lesions and bacillary angiomatosis in HIV infection: radiologic differentiation from AIDS-related Kaposi sarcoma. 239 42

Cutaneous vascular proliferations that clinically or pathologically resemble Kaposi's sarcoma, pyogenic granuloma, or histiocytoid (epithelioid) hemangioma may occur in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. These lesions, which respond well to antibiotic therapy, harbor bacilli similar to the agent of cat scratch disease. We evaluated 21 biopsy specimens from 13 patients with this condition, which we have called "bacillary angiomatosis." The architecture resembled that of lobular capillary hemangioma (pyogenic granuloma), but the endothelial cells were often larger, polygonal, and sometimes markedly atypical. The presence of neutrophils, leukocytoclastic debris, and granular material (bacteria), and the absence of either spindled cells, bizarrely shaped vascular channels, or hyaline globules help to distinguish bacillary angiomatosis from Kaposi's sarcoma. By electron microscopy, the protuberant endothelial cells were different from those of histiocytoid hemangiomas in that aggregates of intermediate filaments were absent, while numerous Weibel-Palade bodies were present. The immunophenotype of the endothelial cells was distinct from that of Kaposi's sarcoma; almost all cells showed both Factor VIII RAg and Ulex europaeus lectin positivity. Enzyme histochemistry also showed a pattern distinct from Kaposi's sarcoma. Bacillary angiomatosis presents a unique constellation of clinical and microscopic findings. It is important to be aware of these characteristics, because these lesions are easily treatable with antibiotic therapy.
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PMID:Bacillary angiomatosis. The histopathology and differential diagnosis of a pseudoneoplastic infection in patients with human immunodeficiency virus disease. 280 10

Bacillary angiomatosis is a recently described vascular proliferative lesion that occurs most commonly in individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Cutaneous lesions are the most frequently described manifestations of bacillary angiomatosis. However, as culture techniques and disease recognition have improved, additional manifestations have been identified in human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals, including bacillary peliosis hepatis and isolated bacteremia. Two species of the genus Bartonella (formerly Rochalimaea), Bartonella henselae or Bartonella quintana, have been cultured from the cutaneous lesions of bacillary angiomatosis. A new manifestation of Bartonella infection is reported: an intra-abdominal mass presenting with massive gastrointestinal hemorrhage in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus infection. B. quintana was cultured from a percutaneous needle-biopsy specimen obtained from the highly vascularized intra-abdominal mass. The bacillary angiomatosis lesion resolved after 3 months of tetracycline treatment. Recognition of Bartonella infection is extremely important because it is readily treatable with antibiotic therapy.
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PMID:Intra-abdominal mass associated with gastrointestinal hemorrhage: a new manifestation of bacillary angiomatosis. 749 68

Bacillary angiomatosis (BA) is a rare infectious disease usually associated with HIV infection. Recent molecular biologic investigations confirm that both Rochalimaea henselae and Rochalimaea quintana can cause BA. The bacteria can be identified by Warthin-Starry staining and electron microscopy. The typical clinical signs are solitary or multiple dermal or subcutaneous nodules. Bone, liver, spleen and other organs may also be involved. We describe the clinical and histological features of a 39-year-old HIV-infected patient with cutaneous and bony lesions of BA. All manifestations of BA disappeared during therapy with erythromycin.
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PMID:[Bacillary angiomatosis]. 753 45

Bacillary angiomatosis (BA) presents most commonly as a cutaneous disease and is caused by two organisms. Bartonella (Rochalimaea) henselae and Bartonella (Rochalimaea) quintana. Biopsy confirmation of cutaneous BA is essential because lesions can mimic nodular Kaposi's sarcoma in appearance. Although the vast majority of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients with BA have CD4 lymphocyte counts of less than 100 cells per mm3, the disease responds well to antimicrobial therapy. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common bacterial skin pathogen affecting HIV-infected patients. The prevalence of skin disease due to S. aureus may be explained by high nasal carriage rates for the organism ( > or = 50%) and altered immune function in conjunction with an impaired cutaneous barrier. Herpes simplex virus causes mucocutaneous disease early in the course HIV infection and ulcerative lesions at any site in advanced HIV infection. Herpes zoster is common early in the course of HIV infection; recurrent and disseminated herpes zoster infections are characteristic of patients with advanced HIV disease. Acyclovir resistance is usually seen in patients with large, untreated, ulcerative lesions of herpes simplex virus and in patients with chronic, verrucous lesions of varicella-zoster virus. Cutaneous cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, and coccidiomycosis are markers of disseminated disease and require biopsy confirmation. Scabies is easily diagnosed but may be atypical in presentation and difficult to eradicate in advanced HIV disease.
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PMID:Cutaneous manifestations of opportunistic infections in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. 755 76

Bacillary angiomatosis, an infectious process associated with Rochalima spp., was thought until recently to be restricted to HIV-infected or otherwise immunosuppressed patients. In 1993, bacillary angiomatosis was reported in several immunocompetent adults. An extensive literature review failed to find references to bacillary angiomatosis in immunocompetent children. We describe a 6-year-old female who presented with a single, rapidly growing, friable, erythematous papule on her neck. Histologic examination of a biopsy specimen confirmed the diagnosis of bacillary angiomatosis. The patient was otherwise healthy, and her physical examination was normal. Laboratory studies, including HIV serology, were normal. The patient was treated with six weeks of oral erythromycin without evidence of recurrence. We present and discuss the implications of the first case of bacillary angiomatosis in an immunocompetent child.
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PMID:Bacillary angiomatosis in an immunocompetent child: the first reported case. 789 86

Bacillary angiomatosis (BA) is newly reported infectious disease observed mainly in HIV-infected patients, caused by a small gram-negative bacillus of the Rochalimea genus. From a purely dermatological presentation similar to that of Kaposi's sarcoma, it may evolve into a systemic disease. Bone lesions seem fairly frequent. We report a case of an isolated osteolytic lesion due to the BA bacillus.
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PMID:Case report 860: Bacillary angiomatosis of the calcaneum. 799 19


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