Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sera from U.S. patients with SLE, RA, and various malignancies, clinically normal individuals with sero-activity to HIV, AIDS, and from pregnant women were tested for the presence of anti-c-myc antibodies. In an ELISA using recombinant human c-myc protein as the antigen, no difference in mean antibody titer was generally detected in these sera when compared to normal controls. Only three malignancy sera (two myeloid leukemia and only one lymphoma) and two patients with AIDS-related lymphoma exhibited exceedingly higher levels of anti-c-myc antibody. However, significantly elevated anti-c-myc antibody levels were found among 20 patients with African Burkitt's lymphoma (Ghana) and 20 normal Ghanians, thus apparently reflecting an autoimmune phenomenon prevalent in the endemic region. These findings indicated that elevated levels of anti-c-myc antibodies are not a general characteristic of patients with diseases that have been associated with increased expression of c-myc.
 ...
PMID:Autoantibodies to c-myc protein: elevated levels in patients with African Burkitt's lymphoma and normal Ghanians. 147 33

The incidence of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) has increased by over 50% in the United States since 1973. There is epidemiologic evidence that some of this increase is the result of AIDS-related lymphoma and that this component is increasing. Prolonged survival in the setting of a variety of immunodeficiency states is associated with an increased incidence of NHL. The development of antiretroviral therapy and improved therapy for the complications of AIDS has resulted in prolonged survival of patients with AIDS. As these patients survive longer with profound immunodeficiency, they have an increased cumulative risk of developing NHL. This may result in even more AIDS-related NHL in the future than predicted from current epidemiological studies. An increased understanding of the pathogenesis of AIDS-related NHL may lead to means of preventing their occurrence. Also, therapies that may prevent immunodeficiency from developing in HIV-infected patients may reduce the likelihood of NHL developing. Current efforts at treating these lymphomas are aimed at preventing the myelosuppression and immunosuppression associated with current regimens, lymphoma relapses within the central nervous system, and the opportunistic infections associated with treatment of these tumors. Ultimately, the best means of preventing the development of these lymphomas is by preventing infection with HIV.
 ...
PMID:The occurrence of opportunistic non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in the setting of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus. 164 22

In a series of 60 HIV-1-infected individuals, serum electrofocusing analysis disclosed clonally restricted IgG patterns in 9 patients (15%), most with limited disease progression (stages WR1-WR3). These oligoclonal bands had a very heterogeneous light chain pattern, and most showed specificity for HIV-1 in affinity-driven transfer studies; virus specificity was more clear-cut following adsorption of sera with the relevant antigen. These findings further stress the profound B-cell function derangement in HIV-1 infection; their possible relevance to AIDS-associated lymphoma development is discussed.
 ...
PMID:IgG oligoclonal bands in sera of HIV-1 infected patients are mainly directed against HIV-1 determinants. 169 50

In an attempt to determine factors predictive of survival in patients seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related lymphoma, the authors studied 60 such patients, all of whom were treated with curative intent. Eleven patients presented with lymphoma primary to the brain (P-CNS); the remaining 49 had systemic AIDS-related lymphoma. Patients with P-CNS lymphoma had more severe underlying HIV-related disease than did patients with systemic lymphoma as evidenced by a higher incidence of AIDS before the diagnosis of lymphoma (73% versus 37%; P = 0.04), and lower median number of CD-4-positive lymphocytes in peripheral blood at diagnosis of lymphoma (30/dl versus 189/dl; P = 0.005). Median survival of such patients was 2.5 months versus 6.0 months for patients with systemic lymphoma (P = 0.04). Forty patients with systemic AIDS-related lymphoma have died; three factors were strongly associated with shorter survival: (1) Karnofsky performance status (KPS) of less than 70% (multivariate relative survival risk [RSR] = 3.1); (2) history of AIDS before the diagnosis of lymphoma (multivariate RSR = 3.0 for opportunistic infection plus Kaposi's sarcoma); and (3) bone marrow involvement (RSR = 3.1)). All three factors (KPS of less than 70%, prior AIDS diagnosis, and marrow involvement) were associated with early demise attributed to AIDS, whereas death attributed to lymphoma per se was associated with only two factors (KPS of less than 70% and marrow involvement). In the absence of all three risk factors, a "good prognosis" group of 17 patients was defined, with a median survival of 11.3 months; the median survival of the remaining patients ("poor prognosis") was 4.0 months (P = 0.0002). Attainment of complete response to therapy (CR) was strongly related to prolonged survival in the patients in the good prognosis group (17.8 months in patients with CR versus 5.0 months in those with less than CR); however, such meaningful prolongation of survival was not seen in patients with poor prognosis who attained CR (6.3 months versus 3.4 months). The patients with poor prognosis may be unable to tolerate the insult of multiagent chemotherapy, experiencing low CR rates (25%) and death caused by lymphoma and AIDS. However, patients in either prognostic category who attained CR remained at risk for dying of AIDS while the lymphoma was in remission. Thus, it is apparent that meaningful prolongation of survival in the patient with AIDS-related lymphoma will require not only effective antineoplastic intervention, but also control of the underlying HIV infection. In addition, future therapeutic trials should stratify patients based upon the prognostic factors defined here in an attempt to clarify the results obtained.
 ...
PMID:Human immunodeficiency virus-related lymphoma. Prognostic factors predictive of survival. 768 56

The multifactorial etiology of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), which is seen primarily in men, includes genetic predisposition and immunosuppression. Recently, the KS seen in association with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has been shown to be mediated by the production of certain growth factors. HIV per se may also play an etiologic role via its tat gene. Therapeutic options include irradiation for local or cosmetic control, interferon-alpha, combinations of antiretroviral agents and interferon-alpha, and chemotherapy. The use of antineoplastic agents, either individually or in combination, in cases of advanced disease has been somewhat successful, but resultant immunosuppression and neutropenia may predispose patients to further infection, thereby adversely affecting survival. AIDS-related lymphoma, a late manifestation of HIV infection, often presents with widespread extranodal disease; the median survival time in all series has been approximately 6 months. Two-thirds of patients may have central nervous system involvement at some time in the course of illness. Intensive chemotherapeutic regimens are associated with an increased likelihood of opportunistic infection and do not prolong survival. Combinations of antineoplastic agents given at low doses for short periods may be associated with long-term remissions.
 ...
PMID:Therapeutic approaches to neoplasms in AIDS. 223 35

Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas with particular clinicopathologic features occur with a high incidence in homosexual men affected by AIDS. More frequently than in the general population, these lymphomas have an extranodal location including the gastrointestinal tract. We have recently observed four cases of AIDS-associated lymphomas whose primary location is in the lower rectum and anus. The patients were 27 to 44 years of age, had greatly depressed helper-suppressor T-cell ratios, and antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). All four presented with anorectal symptoms and originally had surgery for anorectal fistulas or tumor masses. When staged, three patients had no other organ involvement, the fourth only had lymphoma in an axillary lymph node, and all four had large tumor masses confined within the rectum. In terms of histology, the lymphomas were of undifferentiated or of large cell type and of B-cell phenotype. Lymphomas with primary or major location in the rectum are a rare occurrence in the general population, and until recently, are rare even among the lymphomas associated with the immune deficiency syndrome. At the Lenox Hill Hospital in New York City, no rectal lymphoma among the 58 cases of AIDS-related lymphoma diagnosed during the past 4 years was recorded until 10 months ago. The recognition of the new feature in presentation, a neoplasm associated with AIDS, is obviously important for its early diagnosis and treatment. Its unusual occurrence at the suspected portal of entry of the HIV infection is of interest because it may provide new clues to the association between AIDS and neoplasia.
 ...
PMID:Primary anorectal lymphoma. A new manifestation of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). 295 43

The number of cases HIV-associated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma continues to increase as the AIDS epidemic grows. Approximately 3% of AIDS-defining illnesses are non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The number of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma cases may actually be higher because many cases go unreported. There is also evidence that increasing numbers of patients who are surviving longer on antiretroviral therapy are developing non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. A majority of HIV-related lymphomas are large cell, either high-grade immunoblastic or aggressive intermediate grade, diffuse cleaved, or small noncleaved (Burkitt's-like). HIV-related non-Hodgkin's lymphomas behave aggressively. They are predominantly extranodal and often show unusual patterns of organ involvement. They are typically stage III or IV at the time of diagnosis. Current treatment strategies involve the use of combination chemotherapy regimens with or without antiretroviral therapy. Current studies are evaluating the efficacy of low-dose chemotherapy regimens versus standard-dose regimens with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor support. New strategies for treating AIDS-associated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma will incorporate our current knowledge of AIDS-related lymphoma pathogenesis. Factors that reflect a patient's state of immunodeficiency seem to be the most important prognostic features determining clinical outcome after treatment. Patients with good prognostic features may benefit the most from aggressive treatment regimens. AIDS-related primary central nervous system lymphomas continue to comprise approximately 15% of AIDS-related non-Hodgkin's lymphoma cases. Treatment is limited. Although whole-brain radiation therapy can result in an improved neurologic status, the median survival remains 3 to 4 months.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Clinical aspects of HIV-related lymphoma. 821 98

Although Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) has been considered a rare disease, the disease is well known at present since the onset of AIDS in 1981. The characteristics of AIDS-associated KS are a multifocal, widespread distribution that may involve lymph node, gastrointestinal tract, and visceral organs. KS may be the first sign of HIV-infection, but it can also arise in some patients who lack evidences of immune impairment. The more effective chemotherapy of AIDS-associated KS is low-dose-ABV-combination (adriamycin, bleomycin and vincristine) and its response rate is about 80%-90%. The second cancer that occurred in the AIDS-related immune impairement is malignant lymphoma. Approximately 90% of AIDS-related malignant lymphoma reported have been of high grade, B-cell types, including B immunoblastic type and small non-cleaved cell lymphoma. They have another distinguishing feature that is wide spread extent of disease at presentation, with extranodal involvement recorded in 80% to 90% of all patients. The most common sites of involvement are CNS (central nervous system) (32%), gastrointestinal tract (26%), bone marrow (25%) and liver (12%). It was reported that the median CE4 count in patients with primary-CNS lymphoma was 37 cells/dl, versus 189 cells/dl in those with systemic disease. It is important to note that approximately 17% of leptomeningeal disease is asymptomatic. The recommended treatment of AIDS-associated lymphoma by Levine is a low-dose modification of the M-BACOD (bleomycin, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, dexamethasone, cytosine arabinoside, azidothymidine and helmet field radiotherapy). A complete remission (CR) rate of 46% was achieved. The median survival time of CR patients was 15 months.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[AIDS-related malignancy]. 822 66

The incidence of three malignancies has increased in conjunction with the epidemic of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease, and they are currently considered acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-defining conditions. These are Kaposi's sarcoma, associated with AIDS since the onset of the epidemic in 1981; intermediate or high-grade B-cell lymphoma, which became AIDS-defining in 1985; and cervical carcinoma in HIV-infected women, formally recognized as an AIDS-defining diagnosis on January 1, 1993. Approximately 40% of all patients with AIDS have developed cancer during the course of HIV infection. Further, as survival has improved in HIV disease, the incidence of these malignancies has increased. It is thus expected that greater numbers of patients with AIDS-related lymphoma and cervical cancer will be diagnosed in the years ahead. The epidemiologic factors associated with neoplastic disease differ among patients with the three AIDS-related malignancies. The pathogenesis of neoplastic disease also differs. The specific etiologic steps in the development of AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma and lymphoma are currently unknown. However, a great deal of information has already been acquired, which may have bearing on the pathogenesis of malignant disease in general, as well as the elucidation of future therapeutic modalities. The specific epidemiologic, etiologic, and clinical characteristics of the AIDS-related malignancies will be described herein. It is hoped that this review will serve to outline our current understanding of this area, to introduce the questions and controversies which are apparent in the field, and to mention those areas in which future research might be focused.
 ...
PMID:AIDS-related malignancies: the emerging epidemic. 835 Mar 62

The purpose of this study was to determine the in situ distribution of PCR-amplified HIV-1 and EBV DNA in hyperplastic lymph nodes and in AIDS-related lymphomas. PCR amplified HIV-1 DNA was detected, on average, in about 30% and 20% of the CD4 and CD21 dendritic cells, respectively, in and around the expanded germinal centers of hyperplastic lymph nodes in seropositive, asymptomatic people. PCR-amplified EBV DNA was noted, on average, in about 20% of L26 B-cells. The amplified HIV-1 DNA was noted in rare non-neoplastic cells in five AIDS-related lymphomas; the other three cases were negative for the viral DNA. Amplified EBV DNA was detected in five of eight lymphomas but in only three of these tissues did the viral DNA localize to the malignant cells. We conclude that although many cells in hyperplastic lymph nodes from people with early HIV-1 infection contain HIV-1 and EBV DNA, these viruses are of ten absent in the malignant cells of AIDS-related lymphoma. This suggests that although infection by these viruses and the concomitant lymphoid hyperplasia may predispose to lymphoma, the viruses are not required for maintenance of the malignant phenotype.
 ...
PMID:In situ detection of PCR-amplified HIV-1 and EBV nucleic acids in hyperplastic lymph nodes and in AIDS-related lymphoma. 881 72


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Next >>