Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

As the incidence of childhood Castleman's disease (CD) is reported to be rare in Western communities, the recent occurrence of three cases in non-HIV infected prepubertal children stimulated a 10-year (1983-1993) retrospective investigation into the conditions at a children's hospital that serves a predominantly developing community. Retrospective histologic examination revealed six cases of CD among children 3-11 years of age and another five probable cases having histological features of CD without adequate clinical and laboratory data. Three CD cases were associated with malignancy (Kaposi's sarcoma in two and a gastric B cell lymphoma in the other). Two CD cases were plasma cell type, one hyaline vascular, and three intermediate. One child with recurrent plasma cell-type features in a groin node had a Kaposi's sarcoma in the thigh. The five probable cases of CD all had intermediate histological features. Four of the 11 cases being reported came from a geographic locality that provides about 3% of the laboratory's case material and these included both cases that developed Kaposi's sarcoma. All patients who developed malignancy had the plasma cell variant. As all cases have been identified in developing communities, where the disease may often be misdiagnosed as nonspecific reactive lymphadenopathy, and there is an evident association with malignancy, it is recommended that children in these areas with the plasma cell variant of CD be closely monitored for subsequent malignancy.
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PMID:Castleman's disease in children: the experience of a children's hospital in Africa. 870 96

During a 9-month period in 1991, an autopsy was conducted on 247 cadavers of HIV-positive adult patients who died in a hospital in Abidjan, Ivory Coast. The most common cause of death among adults in Abidjan is AIDS. During 8 months in 1991-92, an autopsy was also conducted on 78 HIV-positive cadavers of children 2 months to 8 years old and on 78 HIV-negative cadavers of children 2 months to 12 years old located in a morgue in Abidjan. The pathologists aimed to determine the incidence of lymphoma among HIV-infected adults and children. Seven (2.8%) adult cadavers had B-cell lymphoma, each having been diagnosed with it in the postmortem. The types were visceral (4) and primary cerebral (3) lymphomas. The researchers estimated the non-Hodgkin's lymphoma crude incidence rate among adults in Abidjan to be 84/100,000 per year. This incidence is 10 times greater than expected among HIV-negative people. With 11% HIV prevalence, the incidence of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is expected to double. None of the HIV-positive cadavers of children had B-cell lymphoma. Two HIV-negative children (ages 5 and 9) had B-cell lymphoma of Burkitt and lymphoblastic type lymphoma, respectively. In both child cases, the viscera was involved.
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PMID:Effect of HIV infection on the incidence of lymphoma in Africa. 875 25

Lymphoid infiltrates of the salivary glands are common to a variety of pathologic conditions including autoimmune disorders, malignant lymphomas, and immunoregulatory responses to parenchymal neoplasms. Clearly, the correct identification of these salivary gland lymphoid infiltrates has important implications regarding patient prognosis and management. Immunophenotypic and molecular analyses have demonstrated that many lesions formerly regarded as myoepithelial sialadentis or benign lymphoepithelial lesion in fact represent neoplastic lymphoid proliferations with the potential for extrasalivary dissemination. In the most recent classification scheme of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, these neoplasms fall within the spectrum of low-grade B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue. In the early stages of HIV infection, patients may develop salivary gland enlargement resulting from cystic lymphoepithelial lesions. These lesions are thought to reflect a localized manifestation of persistent generalized lymphadenopathy. Although HIV-associated salivary gland disease is regarded as a benign condition, malignant lymphoma has been described in association with some of these lesions, and further work is required to define more precisely the risk of salivary gland lymphoma in HIV-infected patients. Tumor-associated lymphoid proliferation refers to a prominent lymphoid reaction accompanying certain epithelial tumors of the salivary glands. Although tumor-associated lymphoid proliferation has not received as much attention as other types of salivary lymphoid infiltrates, it is a common phenomenon that is sometimes mistaken for an intraparotid lymph node harboring metastatic carcinoma.
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PMID:Lymphoid infiltrates of the salivary glands: pathology, biology and clinical significance. 880 13

An increased incidence of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is seen in patients with immunodeficiency from any cause. The majority of these are high grade B-cell lymphoma and most are associated with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). In post-transplant lymphoma/lymphoproliferative disorders the tumour may regress following reduction of immuno-suppression but in AIDS the lymphomas show a characteristic aggressive course and poor prognosis. We describe low grade B-cell gastric lymphoma of mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) in three immunocompromised patients (two post-transplant, one HIV positive). In each case, the tumour showed classical morphological features of gastric MALT lymphoma and was not associated with EBV. Helicobacter pylori was identified in each case. Clinical follow-up suggests that the behaviour in these tumours is similar to that seen in MALT lymphomas in immunocompetent patients and not typical of the lymphomas usually associated with immunosuppression. Although the finding of MALT lymphoma in immunosuppressed patients might be coincidental, the association of some MALT lymphomas with autoimmune disease suggests that dysregulation of the immune system might play a role in the pathogenesis of these tumours.
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PMID:Low grade gastric B-cell lymphoma of mucosa associated lymphoid tissue in immunocompromised patients. 887 60

We report two cases of marginal zone B-cell lymphoma in two patients 6 and 18 years of age, respectively (cases 1 and 2) who had no clinical evidence of immunodeficiency or risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Histologic analysis in both cases revealed diffuse nodal effacement by a monotonous population of atypical lymphoid cells with abundant pale cytoplasm and round to oval nuclei, with very infrequent mitotic activity. The neoplastic cells in both cases were of B-cell lineage (CD20 and CD79a positive), with CD43 coexpression. One case showed monoclonal light chain expression, and polymerase chain reaction analysis demonstrated clonal rearrangements of the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene in both cases. Abnormal cytogenetic findings were detected in case 2, in which metaphase spreads revealed trisomy 13 (karyotype 47, XY, +13). Although trisomy 13 has been described in association with acute nonlymphocytic leukemias and myelodysplastic syndromes, this case represents the first documented association of trisomy 13 with marginal zone B-cell lymphoma. Interphase cytogenetics analysis for trisomy 3, reported to be associated with mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas, was negative in both cases. Although low-grade lymphomas of the MALT type have been reported in HIV-positive patients, the two cases reported here are unique in that they occurred in young patients without HIV infection or any other evidence of immunodeficiency.
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PMID:Marginal zone B-cell lymphoma with monocytoid B-cell lymphocytes in pediatric patients without immunodeficiency. A report of two cases. 898 Mar 74

The new human herpes virus 8 (HHV8) was recently detected in cases of body cavity based lymphoma (BCBL), a rare B cell lymphoma, mostly AIDS-associated. We investigated for HHV8 DNA sequences a series of 250 B or T cell lymphoproliferative malignancies, as seen in France, including 126 leukemias and 124 lymphomas (232 non-AIDS-associated and 18 AIDS-associated tumors). HHV8 sequences were detected in only three patients. The first two were homosexual males, HIV-infected since 1985 who suffered from a BCBL initially characterized in one case by a pleural lymphomatous effusion and a peritoneal one in the other case. A high level of HHV8 copies was detected in the tumoral cells of these two BCBL. In contrast, in the third positive patient who had an AIDS-associated immunoblastic lymphoma, the HHV8 sequences level was quite low. In the two BCBL patients, the HHV8-infected clonal B cells had a large immunoblastic feature with an indeterminate phenotype and were also infected by Epstein-Barr virus. In one BCBL case, a semiquantitative PCR analysis revealed that the HHV8 sequences were much more abundant in the effusion tumor cells than in the cutaneous Kaposi's biopsy while no HHV8 sequence was detectable in the peripheral blood lymphocytes. This study reports HHV8-associated BCBL in European AIDS patients and confirms that HHV8 is present at a high copy number in the tumoral B cells of this malignancy. Furthermore, HHV8 does not seem to play a pathogenic role in any of the other T or B malignant lymphoid neoplasias studied so far. This study also stresses the necessity for quantification studies in interpretation of a positive PCR analysis for HHV8 sequences, especially in patients at risk for HIV infection or Kaposi's sarcoma.
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PMID:Human herpes virus 8 (Kaposi's sarcoma herpes virus) and malignant lymphoproliferations in France: a molecular study of 250 cases including two AIDS-associated body cavity based lymphomas. 900 91

Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is a common complication in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection that most frequently affects the gastrointestinal tract. We describe the first case report of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma primarily involving the pancreas in a 27-yr-old white man who presented with epigastric pain, weight loss, and jaundice (and was later found to be HIV seropositive). Endoscopic ultrasound and CT scan of the abdomen showed a large mass arising from the body and head of the pancreas obstructing the common bile duct. An attempted ERCP was unsuccessful due to extrinsic compression and distortion of the second part of the duodenum. A percutaneous CT-directed true-cut needle biopsy of the pancreas revealed a small noncleaved B-cell lymphoma. The patient was started on combination chemotherapy. His pancreatic mass, epigastric symptoms, and jaundice resolved completely. This case report illustrates an otherwise rare presentation of isolated pancreatic involvement of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. An approach to its diagnosis and management is summarized.
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PMID:AIDS-related non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the pancreas. 904 Feb 19

Dendritic cells form a system of leukocytes specialized to stimulate resting T cells in vivo. Dendritic cells are crucial for the initiation of primary immune responses of both helper and cytotoxic T lymphocytes, and thus act as 'nature's adjuvant'. The manifold specializations underlying this in vivo immunostimulatory function are becoming increasingly clear. Methods have been developed to generate large numbers of dendritic cells from hematopoietic precursors in vitro. These techniques now allow molecular studies as well as the use of antigen-charged dendritic cells to vaccinate patients against tumors (e.g. B-cell lymphoma or melanoma) and infection (e.g. HIV-1). Recent data suggest that besides the classical immunostimulatory dendritic cells which belong to the myeloid lineage, there exist regulatory dendritic cells related to the lymphoid lineage. These lymphoid-derived dendritic cells which at least in part express Fas-ligand appear to be involved in the induction of central as well as peripheral tolerance, and in the future might allow a novel approach to induce tolerance in transplantation, autoimmunity, and allergy.
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PMID:Dendritic cells: from ignored cells to major players in T-cell-mediated immunity. 910 85

Non-Hodgkin-lymphoma (NHL)-most frequently high grade B-cell lymphoma-occurs in 5-10% of individuals with HIV-infection. The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is the most frequent extranodal site of the disease. The optimal therapy for HIV-related lymphoma remains a matter of controversy. In a retrospective analysis we found gastrointestinal lymphoma in ten of 306 HIV-infected patients (3.3%) with a median CD4-count of 92/microliter at time of diagnosis. Median survival for the chemotherapy treatment group was 15 months. The high incidence of gastrointestinal NHL prompted us to commence a prospective survey on diagnostic procedures, therapy and outcome of patients with HIV-infection and gastrointestinal symptoms. 93 of 341 HIV-infected patients with gastrointestinal symptoms were examined by endoscopy. In selected patients we used in addition endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) for visualization and staging before and after chemotherapy. NHL of the GIT was detected in seven of 93 endoscopically examined patients (7.5%). All patients were treated with CHOP initially. Mean survival time was ten months, mean CD4-count at diagnosis 193/microliter (range 0-417). Our results indicate that the diagnosis of gastrointestinal lymphoma should be considered in any HIV-infected patient presenting with unexplained gastrointestinal symptoms. In this group of patients NHL was detected in 7.5% of cases. The use of EUS improves the staging procedure before therapy. Treatment with CHOP resulted in relatively high remission rates and was associated with a low rate of treatment-induced myelosuppression.
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PMID:Gastrointestinal lymphomas in patients with AIDS. 910 81

Two HIV patients with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated B cell lymphoma of high grade malignancy enjoyed prolonged remission after therapy with COPBLAM and the antiviral agent Acyclovir. After 3, respectively 5 cycles of treatment, the patients (stage C3 according to CDC) responded to the administered drugs by achieving complete remission. Under maintenance therapy with Acyclovir for 32, respectively 31 months, both patients still remain free of lymphoma as of today.
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PMID:Combination of chemotherapy and antiviral therapy for Epstein-Barr virus-associated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of high grade malignancy in cases of HIV infection. 911 4


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