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 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

New or changed information is presented concerning the goals and protocols of ongoing HIV/AIDS treatment clinical trials. Clinical trials for treatment of HIV infection, opportunistic infections, malignancies, wasting syndrome, immune enhancement, children and adolescents, and women are highlighted. Also included are two miscellaneous trials, one for AIDS dementia complex and another for viral load comparison. Phone numbers are provided for additional information.
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PMID:Open clinical trials for HIV/AIDS treatments. 1136 31

Major findings from the National Conference on Women and HIV are presented. Topics include advances in immunology and virology, studies on gender and pain perception, candidiasis in women, chronic endometriosis in acute pelvic inflammatory disease, wasting syndrome, HIV-related cancers, and prevention technologies. Titles and abstract numbers are given for some of the presentations that are reviewed.
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PMID:Selected highlights from the National Conference on Women & HIV, Pasadena, CA, May 4-8, 1997. 1136 39

Preliminary findings from a study on the effects of thalidomide on HIV-related wasting syndrome are encouraging. The study shows that at least half of the weight gained by participants was in the form of lean body mass. Side effects included declines in neutrophil counts and pain or tingling in the hands and/or feet. A 0.3 log increase in viral load and no decrease in TNF-alpha levels were also noted. Celgene, the manufacturer of thalidomide, has streamlined an expanded access program and fully covers the cost of the drug for people who qualify for the program. (A phone number is provided for more information.) Additionally, the company is studying the benefits of thalidomide treatment for oral and esophageal aphthous ulcers. Results from the use of three different doses following four weeks will be compared, after which patients will be randomly assigned to either a placebo or thalidomide to determine its ability to prevent a relapse. Because of thalidomide's connection to serious birth defects, it is important that men and women engaging in reproductive sex use precautions to prevent pregnancy.
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PMID:Thalidomide study. 1136 72

The effects of AIDS and HIV infection, i.e., wasting syndrome, on men's physiques has been well documented, but researchers have only recently begun looking at how women's metabolic response to the virus differs from men's. Several reports were presented at the Eleventh International Conference on AIDS, but their conclusions were divergent. Several implications are discussed, including a suggestion that women would probably benefit from using testosterone and other hormones. In both sexes, weight lifting may be effective in building muscle mass, and some may benefit from the expensive recombinant growth hormone.
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PMID:HIV's impact on women's physique. 1136 58

Chronic diarrhea is a common symptom in HIV-positive persons, much of it due to microsporidia infections. Several drugs are used to treat diarrhea, but the infection is frequently not cleared and the symptoms recur. Thalidomide (Synovir) has been tested in eighteen patients who did not respond to other therapies. Thirty-eight percent achieved complete clinical remission, significant weight gain, and improved results of intestinal biopsies. Thalidomide is an experimental drug currently used for oral aphthous ulcers and wasting syndrome, and is the same drug associated with severe fetal abnormalities in the 1960s.
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PMID:Thalidomide shows benefit for microsporidial diarrhea. 1136 6

Wasting occurs in approximately 20 percent of people with AIDS and is associated with higher mortality rates and diminished quality of life. Weight loss in HIV-positive patients targets lean body mass or muscle rather than fat. Wasting syndrome is currently defined as a 10 percent loss in body weight accompanied by 30 days of fever and/or diarrhea. Many physicians find the definition too limiting and are modifying the criteria to make it more inclusive of earlier forms of the disease. Wasting is caused by inadequate calorie intake, malabsorption of nutrients, an altered metabolic rate, and hormone deficiency. Physicians need to monitor body composition of people with HIV to prevent and reverse the loss of lean body mass.
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PMID:How to recognize wasting syndrome. 1136 21

The loss of lean body mass (LBM) that is commonly associated with wasting syndrome has been linked to death in HIV disease. Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) is a simple, inexpensive and painless technique used to assess body composition. The test gives a good reading of body cell mass, fat mass, and body water, and can be used to detect loss of LBM when it first occurs. BIA is a useful tool in managing and preventing wasting. Other factors that influence LBM include testosterone levels and anabolic steroids. Anabolic steroids, synthetic analogs of testosterone, are a Class III regulated drug. The use of anabolic steroids is controversial, and abuse by athletes led to the drugs being banned for many uses. A list of approved steroids, their actions, and potential problems associated with their use is included. Another table rates the major steroids for their effectiveness in AIDS therapy.
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PMID:Building your body to survive: the use of anabolic steroids for HIV therapy. 1136 25

Oxandrolone, an oral drug that promotes weight gain in people experiencing weight loss, has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for patients with HIV. Oxandrolone's effectiveness in HIV-related weight loss is unknown. The drug is a man-made anabolic steroid. Several small studies have shown encouraging results for HIV-related weight loss when doses two to eight times the recommended dosage were used. Daily doses ranging from 20 to 80 mg appear to be needed for treating HIV-associated wasting syndrome. A host of side effects usually associated with anabolic steroids are not seen as frequently with oxandrolone, including liver toxicity. More information can be obtained by contacting the Project Inform Hotline.
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PMID:Oxandrolone for weight gain. 1136 75

The Bio-electrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) test is being used to follow wasting syndrome in patients with HIV infection because of its ability to determine how much muscle and fat a person has in their body. Because muscle mass is essential to supporting the immune system, suppressing viral replication, and avoiding opportunistic infections, it is important to track any changes. The test is painless and involves an electrode attached to one foot and a hand whereby an electrical current is passed through the body and its speed is measured. The faster the passage, the more muscle is present. Results of the test include a fluid assessment, body cell mass, fat mass, and a cellular health measure.
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PMID:Muscle madness. 1136 42

Women with HIV need to consider their diet and how it relates to their medical treatment with anti-HIV drug regimens. Unplanned weight loss, called AIDS-related wasting syndrome, is a common factor with HIV disease, and is among the leading causes of death for HIV-positive women and men. Currently, diets for women with HIV are largely based on research conducted for other disorders or research based on male participants. Only three trials over the last ten years reflected nutritional research specific to women and wasting, and the data showed fundamental differences between the effect of the syndrome on women versus men. The use and benefits of anabolic steroids, such as oxandrolone, to assist women in maintaining lean body mass are discussed. Greater emphasis needs to be placed on proper nutrition and its benefits of promoting the body's response to restore and maintain energy. Tables are provided that give guidance for healthy food choices and suggestions for incorporating healthy eating into an individual's lifestyle.
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PMID:Women, food and HIV. 1136 59


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