Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Of a total number of 643 injured patients admitted during 1986 and 1987, 113 were tested for antibodies against the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B surface antigen HBsAg and the concentration of hepatitis B surface antibodies (HBsAb) was determined. Nine patients were HIV positive while HBsAg was detected in two patients and increased levels of HBsAb were found in 19 patients. HIV antibodies were found in 6 (4.8 per cent) of 124 victims of violence, in 3.3 per cent of the patients with penetrating injuries and 1.1 per cent of the patients with multiple, closed injuries. The estimated prevalence for HIV infection in the Norwegian population is 0.08 per cent, thus indicating an over-representation of infected patients among injured patients and victims of violence.
 ...
PMID:Human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis B virus in injured patients and victims of violence. 259 57

At the emergency station of the Surgical Department of the University Hospital in Zurich, 90% of the group with high risk of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus are intravenous drug abusers and 10% are promiscuous homosexuals. When compared with the group of i.v. drug addicts, the group of homosexual patients is small, as homosexual behaviour is not recognised and drug consumption and surgical emergency cases occur more often with i.v. drug addicts than with homosexuals. Surgical illnesses of i.v. drug abusers are directly connected with drug addiction (needle abscesses, injuries by accident or violence). Homosexual patients have no characteristic surgical problems outside of anal difficulties. I.v. drug abusers are running a very high risk of viral infections: 75% have antibodies against the human immunodeficiency virus. 77% have antibodies against the hepatitis-B virus and 50% have antibodies against the hepatitis-A virus. At the surgical emergency station of the University Hospital in Zurich, the problem of i.v. drug consumption patients with risk of viral infection is permanently increasing. The surgical emergency station can be considered as an ideal place for the prevention from HIV-infection and for taking care of i.v. drug abusers.
 ...
PMID:[The HIV patient in the surgical emergency unit]. 270 21

During a 3-year period (August 1st, 1985 to July 31st, 1988) a systematic investigation of medico-legal autopsy cases with regard to the presence of antibodies for HIV-virus was carried out at the Department of Forensic Medicine in Stockholm, Sweden. Prior to autopsy, blood samples were taken from femoral or subclavian veins and were investigated by use of ELISA-screening and Western blotting test. During the first year of study, HIV infection was demonstrated in 11 out of 3464 deaths (0.32%), during the second year in 29 out of 3483 deaths (0.83%), and during the last year in 13 out of 3107 deaths (0.42%). It was shown that 48 out of the total of 53 HIV positive cases were previously registered, but information about the infection was available to the autopsist in only 27 cases. Drug addicts dominated 41 of 53 cases. There were only eight homo- and bisexual males, two non drug addict Central Africans and two persons who received blood transfusions. Eight of the 53 persons died of natural causes whereas 45 deaths were due to violence and drugs. The causes of death of the HIV positive drug addicts were compared to the causes of death of the HIV negative addicts. The HIV positive drug addicts tended to die suddenly in connection with the intravenous administration of heroin and at lower blood concentrations of morphine more often than the HIV-negative addicts. No increase in the suicide frequency was noted in drug addicts in Stockholm during the studied period.
 ...
PMID:HIV-related deaths outside medical institutions in Stockholm. 277 60

The concept of empowerment is one which is often invoked in discussions over the nature of nursing practice in a range of health and welfare services. A short excursion through the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature reveals that over the last 10 years 378 papers are identified which list empowerment as one of the topics discussed. In 1993, the number is 55. These papers cover a diverse range of health related issues: health promotion and HIV; breast feeding; mental health; management and leadership; change, training and education; feminism and women's issues; sexual abuse and violence; advocacy and working with immigrants; professionalism; and nursing theory. However, few of these papers discuss the relationship between empowerment and the notion of power itself. This gives rise to particular problems for nursing practice, for without a clear conceptualization of what is meant by power it is difficult to convincingly argue that one form of practice is more or less empowering than another. Alternatively, this dilemma may be stated in the following question: how do we work to empower others when we have no clear notion of what power is? This paper demonstrates that the concept of power demands a very specific consideration. In order to illustrate this it briefly identifies problems within two models of power which are drawn upon in nursing. It also demonstrates the way in which the work of Michel Foucault can be drawn upon to inform nursing in the analysis of the relationship between power and health.
 ...
PMID:Nursing: empowerment and the problem of power. 760 94

During January 1989-March 1992 in Kenya, health workers at two prenatal clinics in Nairobi tested 7893 pregnant women for HIV infection. They invited the HIV-positive women to participate in a study of HIV infection among pregnant women. The women gave informed consent to participate in the study, which included counseling before and after the test on HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). More than 80% were in a stable marriage. During the first 2 years of the study, more than 90% of the 5274 pregnant women returned to the clinic to learn their test result. 6.1% tested HIV positive. About 25% of the HIV-positive women dropped out of the study before counseling. Only 27.2% told their partner their HIV status. 8.6% returned to the clinic with their partner for HIV testing and counseling. 5.9% of all HIV-positive women suffered violence after HIV counseling. 13 of 19 of these women had communicated their test result to their partner. The high rate of violence forced the staff to change its counseling policy. During the next 2 years of the study, they continued to provide information on HIV and STDs, but they did not set up an appointment for the HIV test results. They informed the 2619 women that they could come any morning for their results or collect them at their next prenatal visit. 11.9% tested positive. Only 35% of the HIV- positive women inquired about their test result. Violence against HIV positive women happened in 1.9% of cases. HIV-positive women and HIV-negative women requested the results of the HIV test at the same rate, suggesting that they did not consider themselves at special risk. These findings show that, even after informed consent, participants in a study of perinatal HIV transmission and intervention should have the right to not be informed about the HIV test results, since the risk of increased violence and loss of security may outweigh the benefits of the study.
 ...
PMID:The right not to know HIV-test results. 776 18

When challenged by complex medical and social conditions, local providers must participate in information exchanges, resource sharing, continuing education, and service coordination. A community exchange system, flexible enough to share and adapt new knowledge, and able to provide continuing multidisciplinary training and education across different practice settings, was established for the prevention and treatment of HIV/AIDS in East Harlem, New York City. The HIV/AIDS community exchange system supports linkages among disciplines within a medical center, communication among the local community-based organizations, and networks between the two settings. The system, as a model, is applicable to complex socio-medical problems such as diabetes, substance abuse, violence, tuberculosis, or geriatrics.
 ...
PMID:Linking frontline work and state-of-the-art knowledge: a community exchange system. 762 98

During the past 20 years, millions of people have died in Cambodia as the result of violence, starvation, and preventable diseases. During this period, the public health system was also decimated as health professionals were killed. Efforts to provide health care were further stymied by inadequate training and low salaries that forced doctors to depend upon private practices in urban areas for their income. The health indicators in Cambodia reflect this situation, with life expectancy at 47 years for men and 49 for women, infant mortality at 120/1000 live births, child mortality at 190/1000, and maternal mortality at 9/1000 births. Malaria causes 5000-10,000 deaths each year, and the annual incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis is 250/100,000. The spread of HIV in South East Asia is also posing a major threat to Cambodia, and each month 300-400 people are injured or die as a result of the explosion of 1 of the 13 million land mines (scattered throughout the country of 9 million inhabitants). Many Cambodians suffer mental illness as a result of the decades of violence and displacement. Today Cambodians are struggling to reestablish their public health system with the help of international donor agencies, and there is hope that an appropriate and sustainable system will be in place within 10 years.
 ...
PMID:Cambodian health in transition. 764 May 94

This report presents national estimates of the prevalence of selected health risk behaviors among youth ages 12-21 years, by sex, Hispanic origin, and race for youth of non-Hispanic origin. Topics include: cigarette and other tobacco use, alcohol and other drug use, sexual experience, HIV/AIDS education, runaway and homeless experiences, violence, unintentional injury control, weight control, and participation in physical activities. Data are from the 1992 National Health Interview Survey's Youth Risk Behavior Survey.
 ...
PMID:Health-risk behaviors among our nation's youth: United States, 1992. 766 Jun 13

This article traces the history of empowerment efforts in lesbian and gay communities. Despite considerable progress, lesbians and gay men remain marginalized in American society. Their personal, family, and community development is hampered by social and institutional barriers to empowerment. Three powerful disempowering problems of contemporary lesbian and gay communities are detailed: (1) stresses related to coming out; (2) heterosexism; and, (3) difficulties identifying with a community. Four domains are suggested for future collaboration between community psychologists and lesbian/gay communities: (1) anti-lesbian/anti-gay prejudice, discrimination, and violence; (2) mental health and health enhancement; (3) the HIV/AIDS epidemic; and, (4) civil rights. Future collaborations must build on successful-social change strategies already used by activists in lesbian and gay communities.
 ...
PMID:Empowering lesbian and gay communities: a call for collaboration with community psychology. 775 98

In Haiti, observations of 70 boys, 6-17 years old, living in the streets of Port-au-Prince and interviews with 10 key informants were conducted so researchers could learn the knowledge, attitude, and practices of the boys concerning sexuality and sex behaviors. The street children were observed at the airport parking lot, the Madankolo bus station, and the market in the rich quarter of Port-au-Prince. They did not use condoms. They did not feel that they would develop AIDS or any illness. They perceived AIDS as only a long-term fatal disease less dangerous than other daily events. Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) indicated sex with prostitutes, which elevated their social stature among street children. They had insufficient knowledge of the cause, transmission modes, and prevention of HIV infection. They had poor self-esteem. They did not value or protect their bodies. They perceived the condom as being imposed by the outside. The group was unstable, transient, and without a charismatic leader. It had an authoritarian leader who was not well respected. A boy with whom another boy feels comfortable may be a vehicle for HIV prevention messages. The link unifying two friends is greater than the link to the group. Sex with men was a quick way for the boys to earn money. The boys preferred heterosexual relationships. The boys have adopted a street mentality to survive in the street where life is always dangerous, violent, and geared towards acquisition of goods or money. When designing an AIDS/STD education program, one must address the following: the importance of money as a tool for social validation, the emotional forces of the street child which made him grow up quickly, his very developed survival instinct, and violence of which he is a victim and which he practices.
 ...
PMID:[Street children and AIDS in Haiti]. 778 Jun 68


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>