Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A serological test detecting circulating mycobacterial antibodies of the IgG type applied to various populations. The test detected no positive cases among old age people in a retirement home. Among sexually active women, 3% were positive. This percentage of antigen 60-positive cases was also found among asymptomatic HIV seropositives. The percentage augmented to 5.7% when hospital attendants were analyzed and augmented further to 14% when people known to have had contact with a man suffering from pulmonary tuberculosis were analyzed.
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PMID:Incidence of inapparent active mycobacterial infections in France detected by an IgG serological test based on antigen 60. 251 25

Authors report the first autopsy case of acquired immune deficiency syndrome in Korea. The patient was a 26 years old Korean male who died of respiratory failure due to mixed pulmonary infections. He had history of homosexual contacts with partners of both domestic and foreign nationalities. Initial presentation was unexplained fever for two months. Serological test and western blot test for anti-HIV were positive and T-cell subset analysis revealed T3/T4/T8 to be 73/8/67%. Pulmonary tuberculosis with mediastinal lymphadenopathy and esophagonadal fistula and oral candidiasis were presented. Respiratory infection progressed gradually and he died seven months after the initial symptom. Autopsy findings were generalized severe lymphoid cell depletion, especially of T-cell population and mixed pulmonary infections with Pneumocystis carinii and cytomegalovirus (CMV). The CMV infection involved lungs and adrenals. Oral candidiasis was also demonstrated.
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PMID:Acquired immune deficiency syndrome--report of an autopsy case. 259 61

Cell-mediated immunity plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis and in the recovery mechanisms of visceral leishmaniasis (V.L.). This disease, observed in two patients with AIDS, has peculiar anatomical and clinical characteristics and it is usually characterized by a severe clinical course. In addition, V.L. has been proposed to be included among the relevant infections for the case definition of AIDS. We describe two cases of V.L. occurred in association with AIDS. The most relevant characteristics of our cases are the followings: Diagnosis has been achieved by the identification of Leishmania donovani in the macrophages of the bone marrow in both the patients, and of the lymph node in one patient. The detection of anti-Leishmania antibodies was positive in one patients only. A significant defect of CD4+ cells was documented in both the patients. V.L. was associated in one patient with esophageal candidiasis, disseminated tuberculosis, P. carinii pneumonia; and in the other one with cerebral toxoplasmosis, pulmonary tuberculosis, esophageal candidiasis, Kaposi's sarcoma, CMV hepatitis. Specific chemotherapy has been partially or totally ineffective in both the patients. In fact, chemotherapy led to an apparent transient recovery in one patient, followed by a symptom-free period of more than one year. We think that V.L. has been the first infection occurred in this patients, beside of HIV infection. At the time of the first observation, the clinical conditions of this patient were satisfactory and there was only a slight alteration in cellular immunity. The detection of leishmania in bone marrow was coincident with the onset of fever, the development of a wasting syndrome and a dramatic decrease in cell-mediated immunity. A second cycle of specific treatment has been ineffective and the patient died. On the contrary, the second patient did not respond to the specific treatment and died. Two important anatomo-pathological characteristics were present in our cases: a) the presence of the parasite in several organs, namely bone marrow, spleen, liver. b) the absence of granulomatous lesions which indirectly indicates the defect in cell mediated immunity.
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PMID:[Visceral leishmaniasis in patients with AIDS. Description of 2 cases]. 263 90

To understand the change in disease which has become apparent since the onslaught of the AIDS epidemic, 2 enquiries have been made in Brazzaville. This facility which had previously treated tuberculosis cases is now the only service for pulmonary tuberculosis. Among 104 patients hospitalized over a 15 month period for respiratory disease and who were ultimately confirmed as displaying clinical signs of AIDS by positive serology for HIV, there were 46 (44%) who suffered from tuberculosis, 47 (45%) who suffered from acute respiratory infections which improved with simple antibiotic treatment, and 11 (11%) with pulmonary disorders whose etiology could not be specified. These 11 patients died from disorders which were suggestive of opportunistic infections. A 2nd enquiry carried out on a sample of 86 patients selected at random among hospitalized patients showed that among 48 tuberculosis patients, 7 were seropositive for HIV and that among 38 suffering from pulmonary disease, 14 (36.8%) were seropositive. (author's modified)
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PMID:[Tuberculosis and HIV infection in a general hospital in Brazzaville]. 272 69

A 41-year-old woman from the Cape Verde Islands, Africa, who had been residing in the United States for 11 months was found to have human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2)-associated acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Antibody to HIV-2 was found by enzyme immunoassay and was verified by radioimmunoprecipitation. The patient was being treated for pulmonary tuberculosis at the time of her admission to our institution. Further laboratory and clinical evaluation at our facility revealed depressed CD4 lymphocytes, oral candidiasis, and cryptococcal meningitis with indeterminate results on serologic testing for HIV type 1 (HIV-1). The biopsy specimen of a lesion in the right occipital lobe of the brain documented Toxoplasma gondii, indicating a clinical diagnosis of AIDS. To our knowledge, our study presents the first known patient with HIV-2-associated AIDS in the United States. Our patient provides further evidence that HIV-2 causes severe immunodeficiency and opportunistic infection. The condition should be suspected in the face of normal or repeatedly equivocal HIV-1 antibody test results in the presence of clinically documented AIDS.
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PMID:HIV-2-associated AIDS in the United States. The first case. 276 58

In areas where tuberculosis is endemic, clinicians managing immunocompromised patients (ICP) are confronted with the possibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis as a pathogen. To determine the incidence and clinical pattern of, the diagnostic approach to, and potential therapeutic implications of pulmonary tuberculosis in this patient population, we reviewed 62 non-HIV infected ICP in Hong Kong who had bronchoscopy because of pulmonary infiltrates. Pulmonary tuberculosis was the second most common cause after bacterial infections. Clinical and radiographic presentations of 12 patients with tuberculosis were nonspecific. Flexible bronchoscopy for tuberculosis carried a diagnostic sensitivity of 91.7 percent. We conclude that for the non-HIV infected ICP from areas where tuberculosis is endemic: M tuberculosis should be suspected as the pathogen; radiographic findings are diagnostically not helpful; FB is a sensitive diagnostic test for tuberculosis and in smear-negative cases where tuberculosis is suspected, initiation of empiric anti-tuberculosis therapy should be considered while awaiting culture results.
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PMID:High incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in the non-HIV infected immunocompromised patients in Hong Kong. 279 81

We compared the clinical features of disease due to tuberculosis and to Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) in 94 patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Tuberculosis preceded the diagnosis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in 26 (67%) of 39 cases, compared with none of 55 with MAC infection. Chest roentgenographic findings suggested mycobacterial infection in 24 (83%) of 29 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, compared with 7 (25%) of 28 with MAC infection. Sputum smears revealed acid-fast bacilli in 19 (83%) of 23 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, but only 4 (16%) of 25 cases of pulmonary MAC infection. In 39 patients with tuberculosis, lymphadenitis and pleuritis were present in 13 (33%) and 8 (20%), respectively, but occurrence was rare in patients with MAC infection. In contrast, mycobacteremia was more frequent in MAC infection, occurring in 47 (85%) of 55 cases. In 5 patients, tuberculosis was unsuspected and probably contributed to death. These findings suggest that clinical features often distinguish tuberculosis from MAC infection in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. In addition, more intensive diagnostic use of sputum acid-fast smears may improve the outcome in patients with tuberculosis.
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PMID:Mycobacterial disease in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. 280 87

A study of antibodies to HIV1 and HIV2 has been performed among selected groups in Ivory Coast from January to December 1987. In total, 2,578 serum samples were examined. A seropositivity to HIV1 and/or HIV2 was observed in 32 (2.4%) of 1.334 healthy subjects of the general population from 5 different areas, 9 (3.6%) of 246 pregnant women, 58 (12.3%) of 471 blood donors, 72 (34.3%) of 210 female prostitutes, 23 (35.3%) of 65 patients with sexual transmitted diseases, 21 (35.6%) patients with chronic renal insufficiency and 98 (50.7%) patients with severe pulmonary tuberculosis. Among the 313 HIV antibodies carriers, the frequency of HIV1 infection (6.7%) was higher than HIV2 infection (2%). However, 3.4% had a double seropositivity HIV1 and HIV2.
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PMID:[Epidemiology of infections caused by human immunodeficiency viruses HIV-1 and HIV-2 in the Ivory Coast]. 285 92

Between May, 1983 and September, 1987, 8 per cent of the patients hospitalised for an HIV infection (i.e. 30 patients, 20 with an ARC and 10 with AIDS) had tuberculosis. The percentage of patients originating from Central Africa or Haiti was important (23 per cent). Tuberculosis was thoracic (76 per cent) and/or extrathoracic (63 per cent). The main organs involved were the lungs (n = 21), the mediastinal lymph nodes (n = 9), the superficial lymph nodes (n = 9), and the liver (n = 8). The pulmonary infection was often multilobar (n = 14), but without caverns. The tuberculin PPD (purified protein derived) test was positive in 63 per cent of ARC patients and in 30 per cent of AIDS patients. The diagnosis of tuberculosis was confirmed in 27/30 patients by culture of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (n = 23) and/or histology (n = 13), and in the remaining patients by response to a specific treatment. In 3 patients with normal X-ray film of the chest, M. tuberculosis could be recovered by culture of the gastric fluid. Antituberculous treatment was effective, but its optimum duration is to be determined since relapse may occur, even after one year of treatment. The side-effects of the treatment were unusually frequent (54 per cent). The occurrence of tuberculosis seemed to aggravate the prognosis of the HIV disease, since 57 per cent of the ARC patients reached the stage of AIDS within 6 months on average. These results are in agreement with the new recommendations of the Centers for disease control which include extrapulmonary tuberculosis in the AIDS criteria. However, in our study, pulmonary tuberculosis had the same detrimental effect and should therefore be included in the AIDS criteria.
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PMID:[Tuberculosis in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. 30 cases]. 297 Nov 92

Cutaneous manifestations of AIDS and AIDS-related complex were studied in a population of 1124 HIV seropositive patients at a hospital in Lusaka, Zambia. 115 of the patients had AIDS, and 1009 had AIDS-related complex. Drug eruptions occurred in 22 patients; 2 died of Stevens-Johnson syndrome subsequent to drug therapy for tuberculosis. The most frequently seen cutaneous manifestations were candidiasis, Kaposi's sarcoma, herpes zoster, seborrheic dermatitis, herpes genitalis, and papular dermatoses. The pruritic maculopapular eruption occurred in crops, healed, and recurred. It was one of the most unique dermatologic manifestations of AIDS found in Africa. Seborrheic dermatitis occurred frequently in patients who also had pulmonary tuberculosis.
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PMID:Cutaneous manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus in Lusaka, Zambia. 297 91


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