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Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Data are reviewed on the effects of massage therapy on infants and children with various medical conditions. The infants include: premature infants, cocaine-exposed infants, HIV-exposed infants, infants parented by depressed mothers, and full-term infants without medical problems. The childhood conditions include: abuse (sexual and physical), asthma, autism, burns, cancer, developmental delays, dermatitis (psoriasis), diabetes, eating disorders (bulimia), juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, posttraumatic stress disorder, and psychiatric problems. Generally, the massage therapy has resulted in lower anxiety and stress hormones and improved clinical course. Having grandparent volunteers and parents give the therapy enhances their own wellness and provides a cost-effective treatment for the children.
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PMID:Massage therapy for infants and children. 779 May 16

A 29-year-old single Puerto Rican woman with AIDS was admitted to the Medical Service for pneumonia, seen by the Psychiatric Consultation Service, an eventually transferred to the Inpatient Psychiatric Unit with several possible psychiatric diagnoses including major depression, HIV dementia, delirium, and posttraumatic stress disorder. These possibly coexisting and interacting syndromes are discussed by three psychiatrists, one of whom is also a board-certified neurologist. This case illustrates the combined contribution of organic and psychological factor to complex behavioral disorders, which are increasingly common in HIV infection.
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PMID:Depression, HIV dementia, delirium, posttraumatic stress disorder (or all of the above) 784 80

The Swedish Communicable Diseases Act permits the isolation of an HIV-infected person if there is risk of disease transmission. The purpose is for the patient to receive the support needed to alter his or her attitude and behaviour so that the isolation can be terminated. This study describes the reasons for referral and the psychiatric diagnoses of 34 isolated HIV-infected patients. All patients who were isolated in Stockholm from 1986 to 1993 were included. Psychiatric data were collected from their psychiatric records. The most frequent reason for referral was unprotected sex with a partner who was not informed about the infection. The most common psychiatric diagnosis was amphetamine or opiate abuse. Drug users without delusions and immigrants with adjustment disorders or post-traumatic stress disorder had the shortest treatment periods. All patients belonged to underprivileged groups, were drug users or refugees. More effort is needed to teach these groups about HIV.
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PMID:Involuntarily detained HIV-infected patients in Sweden: reasons for referral and psychiatric diagnoses. 866 96

The importance of coping self-efficacy (CSE) appraisals on psychological and physiological functioning for HIV seropositive patients facing a severe environmental stressor was tested comparing 37 HIV-infected gay men and 42 healthy male control participants following Hurricane Andrew. Results suggested that greater levels of CSE were related to lower emotional distress and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in both groups. In addition, greater CSE was associated with lower norepinephrine to cortisol ratios in the HIV group but not in the healthy control group. Results are discussed in relation to the coping process for HIV-infected individuals specifically and chronically ill populations in general who face severe environmental stressors.
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PMID:Coping self-efficacy buffers psychological and physiological disturbances in HIV-infected men following a natural disaster. 915 3

People who suffer from mental disorders are at increased risk for becoming infected with HIV. There have been no studies that show whether particular psychiatric disorders present an increased risk for HIV infection in samples of nonpatients. This article uses data from the 1992 National Survey of Veterans to determine if veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), or with other mental or emotional problems, are at increased risk for HIV infection. The results indicate that the combination of PTSD and substance abuse increased the risk of HIV infection by almost 12 times over those without either. This is evidence of a particular psychiatric disorder increasing risk for HIV. Although cross-sectional, these data allow some conjecture about the timing of the onset of PTSD in relation to HIV infection. These results present powerful evidence that mentally ill persons such as those with PTSD, who may be underserved for health services including AIDS prevention efforts, should be targeted as an at-risk group.
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PMID:Mental disorder as a risk factor for human immunodeficiency virus infection in a sample of veterans. 930 17

This study investigated the psychological impact of HIV infection through assessment of posttraumatic stress disorder in response to HIV infection. Sixty-one HIV-positive homosexual/bisexual men were assessed for posttraumatic stress disorder in response to HIV infection (PTSD-HIV) using a modified PTSD module of the DIS-III-R. Thirty percent met criteria for a syndrome of posttraumatic stress disorder in response to HIV diagnosis (PTSD-HIV). In over one-third of the PTSD cases, the disorder had an onset greater than 6 months after initial HIV infection diagnosis. PTSD-HIV was associated with other psychiatric diagnoses, particularly the development of first episodes of major depression after HIV infection diagnosis. PTSD-HIV was significantly associated with a pre-HIV history of PTSD from other causes, and other pre-HIV psychiatric disorders and neuroticism scores, indicating a similarity with findings in studies of PTSD from other causes. The findings from this preliminary study suggest that a PTSD response to HIV diagnosis has clinical validity and requires further investigation in this population and other medically ill groups. The results support the inclusion of the diagnosis of life-threatening illness as a traumatic incident that may lead to a posttraumatic stress disorder, which is consistent with the DSM-IV criteria.
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PMID:Posttraumatic stress disorder in response to HIV infection. 985 46

This study assesses the prevalence of specific traumatic stressors that meet criterion A for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders' (DSM-IV) diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and symptoms of PTSD in a representative sample of HIV-infected women. The study also assesses the impact of these stressors and symptoms on the clinical progression of HIV infection. The Life Stressor Checklist and the Impact of Events Scale-Revised were administered via interview to 67 Africa-American women beyond the initial stages of HIV infection. The ratio of CD4 t-cells to CD8 t-cells were abstracted from medical records at dates that approximated psychological interviews and were examined at two points in time 12 to 14 months apart. The prevalence of traumatic stressors and PTSD symptoms were high among HIV-infected women. Traumatic stressors were significantly associated with a lower CD4 to CD8 ratio at the 1-year follow-up. Among women who reported a traumatic event, those who also met criteria for PTSD evidenced a lower CD4 to CD8 ratio at the follow-up assessment. The study concludes that prevention and treatment efforts targeted at HIV-infected women must take into account traumatic stressors and PTSD symptoms and their potential impact on the course of the disease.
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PMID:Traumatic stress in HIV-infected women. 1049 56

This study examined patterns of disclosure and psychological adjustment among mothers infected or affected by HIV. All participants were followed through a family AIDS clinic at a midwestern children's hospital. With respect to disclosure, results indicated that high perceived stress (r = 0.50, p = 0.001) and low efficacy related to managing parenting demands (r = -0.42, p = 0.01) were significantly associated with disclosure of seropositive status. Neither time since diagnosis, psychological adjustment, AIDS knowledge, nor health status as indicated by CD4 count were related to disclosure. Results also indicated that 51% of the mothers met DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for a psychological disorder in the preceding year. The most common diagnoses included posttraumatic stress disorder and major depression. Analyses suggested that perceived stress accounted for a significant 43% of the variance in psychological adjustment. Neither disclosure, time since diagnosis, nor CD4 count were related to adjustment. Findings are discussed in terms of mothers' mental health needs and provision of services to families affected by HIV/AIDS. Although the results of this study must be considered preliminary due to a limited number of participants and correlational analyses, they point to several avenues for future research.
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PMID:Disclosure, stress, and psychological adjustment among mothers affected by HIV. 1136 99

A New York court has refused to order [name removed], a nurse, to be tested for HIV antibodies in order to proceed with her claim that she suffered emotional anguish after puncturing her thumb with a needle at work. The decision was made since she never claimed that her anguish was based on an HIV infection, rather on the possibility of infection. [Name removed] accidentally suffered a puncture wound while picking up an intravenous needle left in the crib of a newborn who had tested positive for HIV. After the incident, she was tested for HIV and found to be negative. She has resisted further HIV testing for fear that if she is HIV-positive, she would not be able to cope with it, according to her psychologist. [Name removed] was diagnosed as having post-traumatic stress disorder. The hospital, part of the New York City Health and Hospitals Corp., had filed a motion seeking to compel [name removed] to submit to HIV testing to establish whether she has HIV. The court denied the motion.
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PMID:Nurse distraught by needle injury cannot be forced to take HIV test. 1136 99

Nurse [name removed], who has refused to be tested to determine if she contracted the HIV virus, will be allowed to proceed with a fear-of-AIDS lawsuit against Queens General Hospital. [Name removed], assistant head nurse in the pediatric wing of the hospital, pierced her thumb to the bone with a needle left in the crib of an HIV-positive baby. She alleged that a doctor had used the needle to draw blood from the baby and left it in the crib. [Name removed] sued the New York City Health Hospitals Corporation and two doctors for negligent infliction of emotional distress. [Name removed]'s psychologist diagnosed her as having post-traumatic stress disorder. A Queens New York Supreme Court judge denied a defense motion to order [name removed] to be tested for HIV antibodies. However, because there is no evidence that [name removed] was infected, the court said she can only recover emotional distress damages for the first six months, or the window period of infection, following the incident.
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PMID:Two rulings in New York explore the fear-of-AIDS claims. 1136 52


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