Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the amount of Pneumocystis carinii organisms found at fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FB) performed on HIV-positive patients correlated to the character of the P. carinii pneumonia (PCP). A consecutive series of 105 patients presented with 131 episodes of pulmonary symptoms requiring FB, and in 75 of these episodes a diagnosis of PCP was made. Specimens were stained with Giemsa and methenamine silver nitrate and the number of parasites found was given as: numerous, many, few or none. The following signs and symptoms were registered: cough, dyspnoea, fever, loss of weight, chest radiograph, haemoglobin, WBC, CD4 cell count, PO2 and HIV p24 antigen. The PCP was characterized by the clinical course: mild, moderate, severe, and by the outcome: pulmonary healthy, pulmonary insufficiency and death. No correlations between the number of P. carinii organisms and the clinical course or outcome of the PCP, the symptoms before the FB or the paraclinical examinations were found. In conclusion, the routinely obtained quantitative results of the microbiological examinations of material from the lungs were not correlated to the severity of the PCP.
 ...
PMID:Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in AIDS patients: clinical course in relation to the parasite number found in routine specimens obtained by fiberoptic bronchoscopy. 150 34

By December 1990, 181 HIV-positive black adults had been seen in the medical wards and HIV clinic at Baragwanath Hospital. Fifty per cent were in the late stage of HIV infection; 34% of those so diagnosed in 1990 have died. Equal numbers of both sexes have been seen. Their ages have ranged from 16 years to 66 years, with peak frequencies in women aged 20-29 years and in men aged 30-39 years. Tuberculosis was the commonest complicating infection, followed by acute pneumonia. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was rare. Herpes zoster was the first sign of HIV infection in 13% of clinic patients. 'Slim disease' occurred in only 11% of patients, a much lower figure than in other parts of Africa.
 ...
PMID:AIDS--the Baragwanath experience. Part III. HIV infection in adults at Baragwanath Hospital. 150 38

It has been previously demonstrated that serum lactate dehydrogenase is elevated among HIV patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP). To evaluate the clinical utility of this test we analyzed the admission LDH levels of patients hospitalized for the first time due to the secondary complications of AIDS. Among 76 patients without a prior history of PCP, 41 (54%) had PCP diagnosed during their hospitalization while 35 (46%) did not have PCP. Serum LDH was significantly higher among PCP patients than in patients without PCP (mean = 423 IU/L vs 234 IU/L). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated that at an optimal cutoff point of LDH greater than or equal to 240 IU/L, the test sensitivity and specificity were 0.78 and 0.74 respectively among all hospitalized patients. However, when only patients with dyspnea were considered, the optimal test sensitivity and specificity improved to 0.94 and 0.78 at a cutoff point of LDH greater than or equal to 220 IU/L. Comparing the areas under fitted ROC curves, serum LDH was a significantly better discriminator among patients with dyspnea than among those who were not short of breath. We conclude that while serum LDH is strongly associated with the presence of PCP among AIDS patients, it is a poor screening test for PCP when applied to all hospitalized AIDS patients with and without respiratory complaints. Serum LDH is no substitute for appropriate microbiological studies. However, with further evaluation, it may prove to be a useful test in guiding the clinical management of dyspneic patients in whom sputum or bronchial examinations are negative or not immediately available.
 ...
PMID:The clinical utility of serum lactate dehydrogenase in diagnosing pneumocystis carinii pneumonia among hospitalized AIDS patients. 151 88

Purulent bronchitis was identified in 19 of 422 patients undergoing fiberoptic bronchoscopy during a 32-month period because of suspicion of an opportunistic lung infection complicating acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or human immunodeficiency virus infection. Five patients had Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, but other opportunistic lung infections were excluded in the remaining 14 patients. Characteristics of these 14 patients included fever (greater than 38.3 degrees C), cough, and dyspnea in 14 of 14 patients; purulence of expectorated sputum (11/14); and widened alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient (13/14). Rapid (2 +/- 1.4 days) clinical response (defervescence and resolution of pulmonary symptoms) occurred with antibiotic therapy in 10 of 14 patients. In three patients, there was no improvement, and adult respiratory distress syndrome developed. Bacterial isolates from bronchoalveolar lavage included Streptococcus viridans (n = 12), Haemophilus influenzae (n = 7), Staphylococcus aureus (n = 3). Roentgenographic features of bronchiectasis were present in seven patients. Differential cell counts revealed greater than 50% neutrophils in the bronchial washings of all patients with purulent bronchitis. Neutrophil percentages in bronchoalveolar lavage were as follows: patient with purulent bronchitis without P carinii pneumonia (n = 14), 54.53% +/- 29.18%; patients with purulent bronchitis and concomitant P carinii pneumonia (n = 5), 62% +/- 31.9%. In a control group of 17 patients with P carinii pneumonia who did not have purulent bronchitis, the neutrophil percentage was 6.8% +/- 6.17% (p = less than 0.00001, t-test). Purulent bronchitis appears to be a distinct, treatable entity in patients with HIV infection and may accompany bacterial pneumonia, bronchiectasis, and P carinii pneumonia.
 ...
PMID:Bronchitis mimicking opportunistic lung infection in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection/AIDS. 151 86

Pulmonary cells and fluid obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) from 19 pediatric acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients with pneumonia were examined for markers of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infection. The HIV-1 DNA was detected in BAL cells by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 14 of 15 patients (93.3 percent). Immunostaining of cytocentrifuged cell preparations of six specimens revealed that HIV-1 antigen was associated with from five percent to 95 percent of the alveolar macrophages. Analysis of the 22 cell-free BAL fluids by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) showed that samples from three patients (15.8 percent) contained HIV-1 p24 antigen. One sample, with a dilution factor of 15.1 relative to serum, contained a markedly elevated antigen concentration (106 pg per ml) compared to the serum concentration (41.6 pg per ml). Antibodies to HIV-1 were present in the BAL fluids of six patients (31.6 percent) at levels detectable by EIA. By Western blot analysis, three samples yielded more intense gp120 bands compared to bands observed with matched serum samples. Our results suggest that HIV-1 and antibodies to this virus are frequently present in the lungs of children with AIDS and that the serum antigen and antibody profile of some patients does not reflect local pulmonary levels.
 ...
PMID:Markers of human immunodeficiency virus infection in pediatric bronchoalveolar lavage samples. 152 1

The simian immunodeficiency virus, SIVmac, causes disease affecting multiple organ systems in macaques similar to human immunodeficiency virus infection in humans. Molecularly cloned SIVmac with a strong lymphocyte tropism was used in pathogenesis experiments to correlate viral cell tropism with disease. In 5 animals, exhaustive analyses on viruses from tissues and identification of infected precursor cells were done at multiple times during infection to ensure the virus had not mutated into a macrophage-tropic variant. Viral replication was measured by infectivity, infectious center assays, and in situ hybridization. Lymphocytes produced most virus in tissues, indicating the virus maintained its cell tropism in vivo. Lymphocytes in bone marrow were latently infected and those in the spleen and lymph nodes were productively infected. The virus failed to replicate in the brain after intracerebral inoculation. SIVmac that maintained a strong tropism for lymphocytes and a corresponding poor tropism for macrophages can cause persistent infection and AIDS but not other diseases such as primary pneumonia and encephalitis in rhesus macaques.
 ...
PMID:Pathogenesis of acute infection in rhesus macaques with a lymphocyte-tropic strain of simian immunodeficiency virus. 152 9

Thirteen bacteremias and 25 nonbacteremic infections caused by Pseudomonas spp. occurred in 22 of 236 children with human immunodeficiency virus infection with a rate of infection of 0.098 (bacteremia, 0.030) per patient year. Four patients were neutropenic (less than 500/microliters). Central venous catheter (CVC)-related infections were most frequent (n = 20) followed by otitis externa (n = 6) and pneumonia (n = 5). Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most common isolate and caused both CVC-related and CVC-unrelated infections, whereas other Pseudomonas spp. and Xanthomonas maltophilia were almost exclusively associated with CVC-related infections. The children who received appropriate therapy had a favorable outcome. In 7 CVC-related infections (35%) the catheter was removed. Pseudomonas spp. are of increasing importance in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children causing significant morbidity and increased hospitalization. These infections may be life-threatening if appropriate therapy is not vigorously initiated.
 ...
PMID:Pseudomonas infections in children with human immunodeficiency virus infection. 152 45

Rhodococcus (Corynebacterium) equi is a well-known Gram positive bacillus which is usually pathogenic in farm animals but rarely causes diseases in humans. Only 30 cases of human infection have been reported in the literature. R. equi has recently been added to the list of opportunistic agents in severe HIV infection. Its most common manifestation in immunocompromised is a slowly progressive pneumonia which may cavitate. R. equi pulmonary infections are difficult to treat: they usually require prolonged parenteral antibiotic therapy and often need surgical treatment. Two cases of cavitary pneumonia in patients with severe HIV infection are reported here. In one case the disease was associated with pulmonary Kaposi sarcoma and pneumocystis pneumonia; the other case was the first opportunistic infection in the course of HIV infection.
 ...
PMID:[Lung abscess caused by Rhodococcus (Corynebacterium) equi in HIV infection. Two cases]. 153 35

Since 1982, voluntary anonymous reports that meet the criteria of the WHO/CDC-AIDS definition are being collected by the Federal Health Office. By December 31st, 1989 a total of 4,306 AIDS cases has been registered. More than 80% of the reported cases are homo- and bisexual men and injection drug-users. The remaining cases are divided between hemophiliacs, persons who get infected by heterosexual contacts, blood transfusion recipients, and children infected pre- or perinatally. In 16% of all cases AIDS was diagnosed only on the basis of a Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) and in another 6% on the basis of KS and an opportunistic infection (OI). KS occurred mostly in homo- and bisexual men. The relative proportion of KS has steadily decreased from 30% up to 1986 to less than 20% in 1989. The overall incidence of KS decreased mainly due to the decrease of KS in homosexual men with AIDS. OI were diagnosed in 70% of the cases. Pneumocystis-carinii-pneumonia is most frequent (47%), followed by candida-oesophagitis (19%) and toxoplasmosis of brain in 9.5%. A malignant lymphoma was diagnosed in 3% of the cases. Furthermore, HIV-encephalopathy was seen in 2.8% and HIV-wasting-syndrome in 1.6% of cases. There is a different spectrum of diseases at the first manifestation of AIDS diagnosed in injecting drug-users. The reasons for this may be due to different life-style in this group.
 ...
PMID:[AIDS in Germany: clinical manifestations of AIDS]. 154 64

In a retrospective analysis of all known HIV-positive patients admitted to the City Hospital before November 1989, 208 patients accounted for 612 admissions, 72% being injection drug users (IDUs). One hundred and eighty admissions (29%) were for chest-related disorders, and this was the commonest reason for admission. Unlike other U.K. centres where more than 50% chest problems are due to Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP), only 27% of our chest admissions were for PCP. Fifty-four percent of chest admissions were for bacterial chest infections (BCIs), the commonest organism isolated being Haemophilus influenzae. Despite the fact that most (50/97) of these admissions were in patients with 'asymptomatic' HIV disease (CDC classification 2 and 3), 50% had radiological pneumonia, 43% were hypoxic, 28% were hypercapnic and the average duration of hospitalisation was 10 days. BCIs were more common in HIV-positive IDUs when compared with HIV-negative IDUs, other HIV-positive patients and the general age-matched population. Medical provision for IDU-related HIV disease should take into account the high rate of BCIs and of hospital admissions in patients who do not yet have CDC stage 4 disease.
 ...
PMID:The spectrum of chest infections in HIV positive patients in Edinburgh. 154 16


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>