Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A study over a period of 27 consecutive months showed that among patients seen in a Kinshasa hospital outpatient clinic for rheumatologic diseases, 46.5% sought medical advice for lower back pain. Lumbar arthrosis (74.5%), spondylodiscitis (9.5%) and unilateral sacroiliitis (9%) were the main causes of this complaint. A single patient had osteoporosis and no cases of ankylosing spondylarthritis were seen. Lumbar arthrosis was prevalent among females. Mean age of patients with disk disease was fairly low (43 years). Infectious spondylodiscitis and unilateral sacroiliitis, presumably reactive or infectious in origin, were also more common in women. HIV-infection was found in 44% of patients with spondylodiscitis and in 53% of patients with sacroiliitis. Age of HIV-infected individuals ranged from 21 to 40 years. Bacteriologic studies proved indispensable for determining the cause of these conditions in which leukocyte courts failed to rise. In young individuals in Kinshasa with spondylodiscitis or unilateral sacroiliitis, routine HIV testing is warranted.
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PMID:[Etiologic aspects of low back pain in rheumatic patients in Kinshasa (Zaire). Apropos of 169 cases]. 138 83

RU-486 or mifepristone is best known as an antiprogestin and an abortifacient, but it has broad medical applicability. The drug is also a potent blocker of corticosteroid receptors, and it has shown promise in the treatment of breast cancer, inoperable meningioma, and cushing's disease. Cushing's is a model for the symptomatology of aging which may involve enhanced response to corticosteroid. RU-486 has reversed the osteoporosis, thinning of skin, muscle atrophy, obesity, adult onset diabetes, depression, hypertension, and immunosuppression associated with this disease. RU-486 may be of value in aiding cervical dilation, lactation, and the treatment of endometriosis. In addition, breast, bowel, kidney tumors, hepatomas, endometrial cancer, and fibrosarcomas can show corticosteroid dependency, suggesting that RU-486 may have clinical value against inoperable tumors. In a preliminary 1987 phase I study, in estrogen-positive, chemotherapy-refractory breast cancer patients in Montpelier, France, Ru-486 produced objective tumor regression (6 of 22) that was prolonged (3 months) in 4 patients. Clinical relief of bone pain was observed in 7 of 23 patients with a decline in carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) tumor makers in 8 patients. Growing in vitro data also show that RU-486 can directly inhibit breast cancer cell proliferation. RU-486 has application for HIV infection, based on data that there is a serum factor in AIDS patients that enhances corticosteroid lympholysis. IN addition, the immune restorative action of RU-486 suggests that it could counteract the immunosuppression seen in aging, in cancer, or in viral or stress-related disease, which has recently focused clinical attention on its potential in the treatment of senile dementia and depression. Scientific conferences and workshops are needed to alert scientists, physicians, and the public to the potential medical benefits of this drug.
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PMID:RU 486: how abortion politics have impacted on a potentially useful drug of broad medical application. 150 96

Chronic consumption of alcohol in levels typically consumed by alcoholic women clearly produces adverse health consequences, including a shorter life expectancy. The health consequences of alcohol use appear to depend on the characteristics of the person consuming the alcohol (genetic vulnerability to particular diseases, the particular point in the life span when the majority of the alcohol is consumed, and the pattern of consumption typical for that individual). For adolescence and young adulthood, emphasis is placed on increased rates of accidental and suicidal mortality. For middle age, breast cancer risk and risk for developing osteoporosis is discussed. Finally, use of alcohol alone and in combination with psychoactive drugs presents special problems for older women. Other specific adverse effects of alcohol are reviewed with respect to gender differences in cardiovascular, hepatological, and neuropathological outcome, as well as with respect to HIV/AIDS. Psychiatric comorbidity and domestic violence are also discussed with respect to gender differences.
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PMID:Mental and physical health consequences of alcohol use in women. 762 40

Novel methods of human fertility regulation in the post-HIV era are discussed, based on the control of regulatory peptides and their respective genes. 3 mechanisms are examined: selective control of the genes encoding the gonadotropins and/or the interception of circulating gonadotropins by receptor antagonists or binding proteins; the selective neutralization of hCG and other signals involved in the maternal recognition of pregnancy by receptor antagonists and antibodies; and the interception of the putative disintegrin-integrin recognition events involved in sperm-oocyte recognition and fusion. By 2020, contraception, abortion, and unplanned pregnancy could be replaced by reversible sterilization based on the molecular interception of events involved in sperm-oocyte recognition and fusion. Contraceptive-like steroids will be targeted to positive health care, with regard to breast cancer and osteoporosis. The permanent ablation of the gonadotrophs could provide a reversible form of sterilization for both men and women beyond the age of 30 years requiring longterm use of steroid replacement therapy which could support libido and provide protection against cancer and osteoporosis. A first-generation prototype vaccine has been developed in which beta-hCG-carboxy terminal peptide (beta-hCG-CTP) has been linked to a carrier conjugate (diphtheria toxoid), mixed with a synthetic immuno-stimulant, and formulated into a viscous water emulsion. The disintegrin-integrin motives expressed by sperm and oocytes could be used as targets for female contraception. Strategies of vaccination and gene therapy could circumvent the problems of dose, time, and location for the longterm regulation of fertility. In the vaccination strategy, the immune system provides both great specificity and a long duration of action. Gene therapy is currently the subject of a massive research endeavor designed to develop treatments for some of the 2500 inherited diseases afflicting humans.
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PMID:Contraception for the year 2020. 832 11

We present a case of esophageal ulcerations caused by alendronate (Fosamax), a recently marketed medication. The patient presented with a chief complaint of retrosternal pain and severe odynophagia of 5 days duration. She was taking prednisone 10 mg and azathioprine 100 mg p.o. q.d. for systemic lupus erythematosus. To prevent osteoporosis, she was started on alendronate 10 mg q.d. 2 wk before her symptoms started. Endoscopy of the upper GI tract revealed two deep, large ulcers at the gastroesophageal junction. Multiple biopsy specimens revealed necroinflammatory debris and acute esophagitis. However, no organisms were identified, and the result of her HIV test (ELISA) was negative. Alendronate was discontinued, and her symptoms resolved completely in 1 wk. Follow-up endoscopy performed 4 wk later revealed complete healing of the ulcers.
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PMID:A new probable increasing cause of esophageal ulceration: alendronate. 912 31

The Object of this study was to determine whether HIV infection is associated with decreased bone mineral density (BMD). BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at total body, lumbar spine, and hip in 45 men with HIV infection and compared with sex, age, and weight-matched controls. Repeat scans were performed after a mean interval of 15 months in 21 patients to determine whether there were detectable losses of BMD. Compared with controls, the HIV patients had marginally lower BMD at the lumbar spine (P = 0.04) but there was no significant difference in total body or hip BMD. None of the patients had reduced BMD to levels associated with a diagnosis of osteoporosis. On longitudinal follow-up, a small decrease in total body BMD (-1.6%; P = 0.02) was observed but there was no significant change in spine and hip BMD. In spite of the many features of HIV infection that might be expected to cause a reduction in BMD such as cytokine activation, decreased physical activity, small bowel disease, hypogonadism, and direct infection of osteogenic cells by HIV, we found only minimal differences in BMD between HIV patients and controls. Furthermore, the HIV patients studied did not appear to show excessive loss in bone mineral over time.
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PMID:Bone mineral density in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. 919 8

Assessment of risk for periodontitis is still in its infancy. Nevertheless, a sufficient amount of dependable information exists to begin using risk assessment in the day to day practice of dentistry. The purpose of this paper is to summarise existing information about risks for periodontitis in a manner that is useful to practitioners. Risks for moderate to severe periodontitis that have been identified include cigarette smoking, advancing age, diabetes mellitus and certain other systemic conditions. These include, osteoporosis and HIV infection and conditions such as irradiation and immunosuppressive drugs that interfere with normal host defences, specific pathogenic bacteria in the subgingival flora, microbial deposits and poor oral hygiene status, bleeding on probing, previous disease experience and severity, and inheritance. Some risks such as pathogenic bacteria in the subgingival flora are strongly linked to causation of the disease while others such as bleeding on probing may indicate enhanced risk for future disease but are not known to be involved in causation and still others such as advancing age may be background factors that enhance susceptibility. While some risks such as cigarette smoking can be modified to lower the level of risk, others such as ageing are immutable and cannot be modified but need to be considered in overall risk assessment. A goal of periodontal diagnosis, treatment planning and therapy is to lower risk for future periodontal deterioration to the maximal extent. One approach to achieving this goal is described.
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PMID:Risk assessment for periodontal diseases. 944 91

Children with chronic illness live with the specific consequences of their illness, as well as secondary endocrine abnormalities that further compromise growth and pubertal development. These secondary abnormalities may significantly add to their physiologic and psychological burden. Although these endocrine abnormalities theoretically arise as adaptations to the chronic illness, they may have deleterious effects if they persist untreated. Children with HIV infection and other wasting disorders, for example, show growth suppression out of proportion to the severity of their primary illness as a result of growth hormone resistance and enhanced cortisol secretion. In hematologic conditions such as sickle cell anemia, thalassemia, or bone marrow transplant, damage to the hypothalamus and/or pituitary may lead to growth hormone deficiency, gonadal insufficiency, and hypothyroidism. Growth and pubertal delay are also common among children with cystic fibrosis, along with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus caused by pancreatic fibrosis. Similarly, children receiving long-term steroid therapy have delays in growth and pubertal development, accompanied by risk for osteoporosis, whereas chronic renal disease is associated with growth and pubertal delay, as well as secondary hyperparathyroidism. Recognition of potential endocrinopathies in children with chronic illness is an important aspect of the care of these children because the disturbances are frequently amenable to treatment, permitting full or partial restoration of normal growth and development in these children. In this chapter, the endocrine consequences of common chronic conditions of childhood are reviewed, as well as the etiology of the endocrine disturbance, the clinical consequences, and recommendations for treatment.
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PMID:Advances in the recognition and treatment of endocrine complications in children with chronic illness. 1064 63

Osteoprotegerin ligand (OPGL, TNFS11) and its receptor RANK (TNFRS11A) are essential for the development and activation of osteoclasts and critical regulators of physiological bone remodeling and osteoporosis. Production of OPGL by activated T cells can directly regulate osteoclastogenesis and bone remodeling. This may explain why autoimmune diseases, cancers, leukemias, asthma and chronic viral infections such as hepatitis and HIV result in systemic and local bone loss. OPGL is also the pathogenetic factor that causes bone and cartilage destruction and clinical crippling in arthritis. Inhibition of OPGL binding to RANK via the natural decoy receptor osteoprotegerin (OPG) prevents bone loss in postmenopausal osteoporosis and cancer metastases and completely blocks crippling in a rat model of arthritis. Moreover, OPG expression is induced by estrogen which provides a molecular explanation of postmenopausal osteoporosis in women.
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PMID:Molecular control of bone remodeling and osteoporosis. 1112 82

The surgeon general's report on oral health ("Oral Health in America: A Report of the Surgeon General"), which was released May 25, highlights the bidirectional interactions between oral and systemic health. Systemic conditions with oral manifestations include diabetes, hereditary disease, joint disease, HIV and osteoporosis. Oral disease can exacerbate certain systemic conditions, such as diabetes, respiratory disease, vascular disease and preterm low-birth weight. While a number of interactions have been identified, additional research is needed to evaluate disease pathogenesis and therapeutic interventions. Further, emphasis should be placed on educating patients, dental and medical students, and dentists and physicians regarding the importance of these relationships. These findings place oral health in the perspective of systemic health, and suggest that the dental and medical profession will develop even closer linkages in the future.
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PMID:The Surgeon General's report on oral health: implications for research and education. 1114 24


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