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Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The case of a 31 year old man who had been intravenous drug abuser for years is reported. He was studied because of abdominal pain, jaundice, a weight loss of 10 kg, and the presence of a subclavicular mass. Biopsy of the mass demonstrated a high-grade B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and the patient was classified in group IV-D of the human immunodeficiency virus infection because he had HIV serum antibodies and a reduced CD4/CD8 lymphocyte ratio. Although lymphoma had a good response to chemotherapy, persistent cholestasis led to liver and biliary evaluation. Sclerosing cholangitis and papillary stenosis were found. He has been followed for two years, without evidence of any secondary infectious disease associated to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
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PMID:[Sclerosing cholangitis, papillary stenosis and B-cell lymphoma in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome]. 189 85

Some individuals possess antibodies which react to HIV-1 Western blot proteins in patterns not diagnostic for HIV infection. A retrospective chart review of patients exhibiting such indeterminate HIV Western blots was performed in comparison to a control cohort of sex- and age-matched individuals from the same population of HIV-negative blots to determine if such blots were associated with any specific disease states. Twenty such patients with 25 indeterminate blots among them were found in a total population of 816 (2.5%). GAG-only (core) Western blots comprised the majority 84% (21/25). An indeterminate blot was statistically associated with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (p less than 0.01) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (p less than 0.05). Kikuchi's disease and malignant histiocytosis were associated but the numbers were too small to reach statistical significance. The possibility that these diseases are caused by novel retroviruses, cross-reactive with HIV-1, is discussed in lieu of these findings.
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PMID:A retrospective analysis of diseases associated with indeterminate HIV western blot patterns. 190 May 97

To determine the cumulative incidence of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding and its effect upon survival in patients with AIDS, 453 consecutive AIDS patients diagnosed in our hospital between June 1985 and March 1989 were followed for a median period of six months (maximum 42 months). The cumulative probability of acute gastrointestinal bleeding was 3% at six months and 6% at 14 months. This event was associated with significantly reduced survival. Independent risk factors for bleeding were: severe thrombocytopenia at the time of diagnosis and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma as the first clinical manifestation of AIDS. The potential causes of bleeding were investigated in all cases by emergency endoscopy or by necropsy examination in those patients whose clinical condition precluded the procedure. In nine of 15 patients, bleeding was due to lesions specifically associated with AIDS, but in the remainder the source of bleeding was not a direct consequence of HIV infection. We conclude that acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding rarely complicates the course of AIDS, but its occurrence is associated with decreased survival. As many of the causes are potentially treatable, a complete diagnostic approach is indicated in these patients, except those who are terminally ill.
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PMID:Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with AIDS: a relatively uncommon condition associated with reduced survival. 191 3

Most HIV-infected patients present with associated diseases (inflammations, hyperplastic disorders of the lymphatic tissue and malignancies) in the head and neck region. Speculum, endoscopy, ultrasound and computed tomography are important tools in the diagnostic management of HIV presentations. Moreover, MR is known to be an excellent technique especially in the evaluation of soft tissue disorders. -A prospective study of 23 out of 161 HIV-seropositive patients was performed to determine the efficiency of magnetic resonance imaging in HIV-related disorders. T1- and T2-sequences, as well as the contrast medium uptake (Gd-DTPA), presentation in three planes and the morphology of the tissue were useful parameters to distinguish the different HIV-related diseases (lymphatic hyperplasia, inflammation, Kaposi's sarcoma, Hodgkin's und Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, lymphoepithelial cysts and carcinoma) in most cases even prior to histological examination. -MR proved to be a significant non-invasive diagnostic tool especially in HIV-associated soft tissue disorders in the head and neck.
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PMID:[Proton spin tomography in HIV 1-induced diseases in head and neck region]. 193 Apr 94

Fourteen examples of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and four of Hodgkin's disease in patients with AIDS as well as lymph nodes exhibiting changes related to the lymphadenopathy syndrome (LAS) from 11 HIV-positive individuals were studied for the presence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) genome both by in situ DNA hybridization and blotting techniques. Both methods were performed using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded material. All the NHLs were of high malignancy and all but one were of the B-cell type. Of the four examples of Hodgkin's disease, two were lymphocytic predominant, one of mixed cellularity and one of the nodular sclerosing variety. The lymph nodes of patients with LAS were mostly stage I with marked follicular hyperplasia. In 7 of the 14 NHLs the presence of EBV-DNA was clearly demonstrated by dot-blotting and by in situ hybridization. All lymph nodes from the patients with LAS and AIDS-related Hodgkin's disease were negative for EBV by dot-blot and in situ hybridization assays. We conclude that EBV plays a role in the development of AIDS-related lymphomas, but the fact that half these lymphomas are EBV-negative suggests that other mechanisms such as polyclonal stimulation of B-cells by HIV products may also be important.
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PMID:Identification of EBV-DNA in lymph nodes from patients with lymphadenopathy and lymphomas associated with AIDS. 197 Jun 81

Patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) frequently develop hepatic dysfunction. Although hepatic injury may indirectly result from malnutrition, hypotension, administered medications, sepsis, or other conditions, the hepatic injury is frequently due to opportunistic hepatic infection, directly related to AIDS. Infection with Mycobacterium avium intracellulare typically occurs in patients with advanced immunocompromise and with systemic symptoms due to widely disseminated infection. In contrast, hepatic tuberculosis often occurs with less advanced immunocompromise. Cytomegaloviral infection may produce a hepatitis. Cytomegaloviral and cryptosporidial infections have been implicated as causes of acalculous cholecystitis and of a secondary sclerosing cholangitis. About 10-20% of patients with AIDS have chronic hepatitis B infection. These patients tend to develop minimal hepatic inflammation and necrosis. The clinical findings in patients with hepatic cryptococcal infection are usually due to concomitant extrahepatic infection. Hepatic histoplasmosis usually develops as part of a widely disseminated infection with systemic symptoms. Hepatic involvement by Kaposi's sarcoma is rarely documented ante mortem because an unguided liver biopsy is an insensitive diagnostic procedure. Patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the liver typically have lymphadenopathy, hepatomegaly, and systemic symptoms. As a pragmatic approach, patients with liver dysfunction and HIV-related disease should have a sonographic or computerized tomographic examination of the liver. Patients with dilated bile ducts should undergo endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography because opportunistic infection may produce biliary obstruction. Patients with a focal hepatic lesion should be considered for a guided liver biopsy. Patients with a significantly elevated serum alkaline phosphatase level should be considered for a percutaneous liver biopsy. When performed for these indications, liver biopsy will demonstrate a significant disease involving the liver in about 50% of patients with AIDS and in about 25% of patients who are HIV seropositive but who are not known to have AIDS. The clinical impact of a diagnostic biopsy is blunted by a lack of efficacious therapy for many opportunistic infections.
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PMID:Hepatobiliary manifestations of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. 198 33

We examined data from San Francisco and other areas participating in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program to determine the effect of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic on cancer incidence between 1973 and 1987. In this period, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma incidence has increased over 10-fold and Kaposi's sarcoma incidence has increased over 5000-fold in single San Francisco men 20 to 49 years of age. Increases in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma have been restricted to high-grade and diffuse large-cell (intermediate-grade) histological types. With the exceptions of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and Kaposi's sarcoma, no other tumor has significantly increased in incidence. During 1987, we estimate that HIV-seropositive men in San Francisco had a 0.47% risk of developing non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and a 1.6% risk of developing Kaposi's sarcoma. The relative risks for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and Kaposi's sarcoma associated with HIV infection were 104 and 40,000, respectively. For 1987, HIV was associated with 14% of all reported cancers (except non-melanoma skin cancer) in men aged 20 to 49. We expect that 1,890 to 2,730 excess cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and 6,490 to 8,320 excess cases of Kaposi's sarcoma will occur in the United States in 1990.
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PMID:Increasing incidence of cancers associated with the human immunodeficiency virus epidemic. 200 49

We wished to determine the incidence of human immunodeficiency virus-related high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and identify factors associated with the development of NHL in patients receiving zidovudine. Data are from a 2-year prospective, observational, multisite study of 1030 patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and advanced AIDS-related complex who received zidovudine. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma developed in 24 (2.3%) of 1030 patients who received zidovudine during 1463 person-years of follow-up (rate, 1.6 per 100 person-years of therapy). The relative hazard for development of NHL was stable throughout 2 years of therapy, with the risk of developing NHL 0.8% for each additional 6 months of therapy. Factors associated with development of NHL were a prior diagnosis of Kaposi's sarcoma, herpes simplex virus infection, or lower mean neutrophil count. Less strongly associated was a prior diagnosis of oral hairy leukoplakia or homosexual transmission of HIV. By Cox proportional hazards analysis, a prior diagnosis of Kaposi's sarcoma, cytomegalovirus disease, or oral hairy leukoplakia was most strongly associated with development of NHL. Our study demonstrates a relatively high incidence of NHL in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus disease who are undergoing antiretroviral therapy and suggests possible risk factors for development of NHL.
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PMID:Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in patients with advanced HIV infection treated with zidovudine. 201 53

Six new cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), primarily located in the oral cavity, in patients infected by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), are presented. They all had a voluminous fungous tumoral mass, that extended from the gingiva to the buccal vestibule or palate. All were intravenous drug abusers. The diagnosis of AIDS was known in one patient, 2 patients presented with AIDS-related complex symptomatology, and in 3 cases NHL was the first manifestation of the HIV infection. All presented advanced stages (IV). Histologically, all were considered high grade NHL. It is recommended to determine the HIV status in all young patients affected with oral NHL. All intraoral lesions in AIDS patients or in patients that belong to a risk group should have a biopsy to rule out NHL or any other manifestations of AIDS.
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PMID:AIDS-related lymphoma of the oral cavity. 201 78

The pathogenesis of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) in HIV-infected individuals is currently poorly understood; however, recent molecular studies have subdivided these lymphomas into distinct molecular pathologic entities. Similar to endemic and sporadic Burkitt's lymphoma, monoclonal B-lymphoma subsets were found to be infected with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) or have c-myc gene rearrangements, suggesting a role for EBV infection or chromosomal translocation in a subset of AIDS NHLs. Similar to lymphomas that occur in immunosuppressed transplant patients, EBV-positive polyclonal lymphomas also have been described. Unique to HIV-infected patients, however, is the subset of polyclonal B-cell lymphoma with no evidence for EBV infection. Based on these molecular studies, it is apparent that the AIDS NHLs represent a heterogeneous set of diseases with a number of pathogenic processes involved in lymphomagenesis.
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PMID:Molecular pathogenesis of AIDS-associated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. 202 96


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