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Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In an attempt to identify a biologic basis for the aggressive clinical behavior of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated lymphomas (HAL), dual-parameter flow-cytometric analysis was performed on 22 paraffin-embedded biopsy specimens. Cases were analyzed for DNA ploidy, the percentage of cells in S-phase (proliferative activity), and content of a recently identified proliferation-associated nuclear antigen, p105. The DNA-content analysis of 22 HALs was compared with that of 109 cases of intermediate-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) unrelated to the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) studied previously in our laboratory and 125 cases of high-grade NHL reported in the literature. The proliferative activity was higher in intermediate-grade HAL relative to non-AIDS NHL (24.0% v 10.4%; P = .03), and in high-grade HAL in comparison with NHLs of similar histology unassociated with HIV infection (24.8% v 19%), although the latter did not reach statistical significance. The number of mitoses per 10 high-power fields was found to correlate with the percentage of cells in S-phase (r = .68; P = .0004). Although p105 content tended to be higher in HAL than in an AIDS-related complex (ARC)-associated hyperplastic lymph node control, no statistically significant associations were found between p105 content and proliferative activity or the number of mitoses per 10 high-power fields. When compared with non-AIDS NHLs of comparable grade, there was a trend toward a lower incidence of DNA aneuploidy in both intermediate- (25% v 56%) and high-grade (38.5% v 60%) HALs. The higher proliferative activity and lower incidence of DNA aneuploidy found in HAL relative to non-AIDS NHL of comparable histologic grade may represent differences in pathogenesis and may underlie the poor prognosis of HIV-associated NHL.
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PMID:Human immunodeficiency virus-related lymphomas: a possible association between tumor proliferation, lack of ploidy anomalies, and immune deficiency. 207 35

HIV-positive Patients often suffer from the symptoms of accompanying diseases. Palliative radiation therapy of associated tumors leads to an improvement of the patient's condition. Particularly skin tumors, which give rise to pronounced itching and ulcerating, are eliminated fast and safe by radiation therapy. Between 1984 and 1988, 6 HIV patients with Kaposi's sarcoma at different sites, and one HIV-patient with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were treated by radiation therapy. Depending on tumor site, photons or fast electrons were used. Cosmetic results were satisfying or even excellent in all patients. With one exception complete local tumor control was obtained. Side effects leading to a peace of treatment did not occur.
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PMID:[Radiotherapy in HIV positive patients]. 169 Jan 65

Ten patients were diagnosed as having primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the central nervous system at University Hospital, Nottingham, between September 1986 and April 1989. None had clinical evidence of HIV-1 infection. All the patients started treatment with chemotherapy (BVAM), designed to cross the blood-brain barrier, followed by radiotherapy. Seven patients completed both chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Dose reduction during chemotherapy was necessary in three patients because of neutropenia. In two of the six patients with solitary tumours, complete resection was achieved surgically prior to treatment. Five of the remaining eight patients (63%) had radiological evidence of a complete response with chemotherapy. The other three patients had no response to chemotherapy but one had a complete response after radiotherapy. The two-year cause-specific survival of the 10 patients was 37%. Two of the three patients who had a postoperative performance status of 0 or 1 (ECOG/WHO) are alive and disease-free at 26 and 46 months from diagnosis. The median survival of the seven patients with a performance status of 2-4 was 10 months with two patients alive and disease-free at 19 and 26 months. The two-year cause-specific survival of these seven patients was 22%.
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PMID:Primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the central nervous system: phase II study of chemotherapy (BVAM) prior to radiotherapy. 171 98

Stereotactic brain biopsies of 25 HIV-seropositive patients (age range between 20 and 56 years, 23 males, 2 females) were retrospectively studied. Biopsy material was examined cytologically, histologically, immunohistochemically and electron microscopically. A definitive diagnosis could be established in 23 cases (92%). Diagnosis included non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (10 cases), toxoplasmosis (10 cases), progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) (2 cases) and combined toxoplasmosis and lymphoma (1 case). Two biopsies were non-diagnostic. All lymphomas were B-cell lymphomas of high malignancy including one K1-lymphoma. In six cases, in which autopsy was performed, biopsy diagnosis could be confirmed. In one patient suffering from toxoplasmosis, autopsy demonstrated an additional cytomegalovirus infection. Conventional histology was not sufficiently decisive for toxoplasmosis, for some lymphomas and for PML. Stereotactic brain biopsy appears to be an effective method in the diagnosis of HIV-associated brain lesions.
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PMID:[Brain biopsies in HIV-infected patients]. 172 26

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma developing in patients with HIV infection fulfills diagnostic criteria for AIDS. Clinical manifestations of AIDS-NHL are similar to those of malignant lymphoma arising in other acquired and congenital immunodeficiency states. AIDS related NHLs therefore consist primarily of tumours with B cell phenotype, intermediate or high grade histological subtype and rapid clinical progression with a high frequency of unusual extranodal involvement. Treatment of AIDS-NHL has been much less rewarding than treatment of lymphoma in non-HIV infected individuals. Complete response rates are lower than the corresponding rates seen in the non-HIV infected population, and responses that do occur tend to be of short duration. Improvements in treatment for AIDS-NHL will require the use of new therapies, designed to cause less myelosuppression, in conjunction with aggressive efforts to prevent opportunistic infections.
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PMID:Clinical manifestations and treatment of HIV related non-Hodgkin lymphoma. 182 18

The excess of NHL associated with HIV infection is well established. Clinically, HIV associated NHL is characterized by histological evidence of a high grade of malignancy, B cell origin, extensive extranodal involvement (most notably of the CNS) and poor prognosis. High grade B cell lymphoma or primary brain lymphoma in HIV infected individuals is considered diagnostic of AIDS by the Centers for Disease Control. The incidence of NHL among individuals with AIDS varies by subtype of lymphoma, age, sex, race and risk group. Younger individuals, males, whites and haemophiliacs are at higher risk than other groups. The incidence of HIV associated NHL is increasing. Because of the paucity of data on risk factors for this malignancy, the current possibilities for risk modification are limited to the prevention of HIV infection.
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PMID:Epidemiology of HIV associated non-Hodgkin lymphoma. 182 26

The clinicopathologic features of 45 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients (mainly intravenous drug users [IVDU]) with lymphoid neoplasias seen from September 1984 through July 1990 at an Italian cancer center are reviewed. Thirty-five had systemic non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), and ten had Hodgkin's disease (HD). Histologically, 27 NHL cases were intermediate grade (five cases) or high grade (22 cases, 14 of the small noncleaved cell type), according to the Working Formulation. Eight NHL cases, including four anaplastic large cell (ALC) BerH2 (CD30)-positive lymphomas, were in the miscellaneous group. Immunohistologic and/or gene rearrangement analysis showed the B-cell origin of 20 of the 24 NHL cases studied. At presentation, 71% of NHL patients had advanced stages (Stage III or IV), and 85% had extranodal disease (predominantly gastrointestinal tract and marrow). Of the 23 patients evaluable for treatment, only seven had a complete clinical response after lymphoma therapy; the median survival of 34 evaluable patients was 22 months after the diagnosis of NHL. Fifteen patients died; most deaths were attributable to progressive lymphoma and opportunistic infections. As with NHL, advanced disease, extranodal involvement, aggressive histologic findings, and poor response to therapy were also observed in patients with HD. This study shows that lymphoid neoplasias occurring in Italian IVDU with HIV infection and those previously reported in North American homosexual men with HIV infection share similar clinicopathologic features. However, some features such as the absence of history of Kaposi's sarcoma at diagnosis, the lack of detection of primary brain and rectal NHL, and the occurrence of B-cell ALC BerH2 (CD30)-positive NHL were observed uniquely in this series of patients.
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PMID:A clinicopathologic study of lymphoid neoplasias associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection in Italy. 185 83

The course of disease in 119 HIV-infected patients (117 men, 2 women; median age 38.5 years) with malignant tumours other than Kaposi's sarcoma was analyzed in a multi-centre retrospective study. This was conducted to obtain initial information concerning the incidence, clinical features and results of therapy in HIV-associated neoplasms, especially malignant lymphomas. The most frequent tumour was malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (98 patients, 82.5%), seven patients had Hodgkin's disease, five had solid tumours, four a polyclonal lymphoproliferative syndrome, three an acute lymphocytic leukaemia, and two had other lymphoproliferative diseases. 58% of the non-Hodgkin's lymphomas occurred in patients with marked immunodeficiency, 85% were high grade malignancies and 47% had primary extranodal disease. 56% of primary nodal lymphomas also had visceral spread (Stage IV). Lymphoblastic non-Hodgkin's lymphoma was more common in patients with favourable immunological status, presented less frequently with primary extranodal disease, was diagnosed earlier than other non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, and appeared to carry a better prognosis. 78 out of the 98 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma had been treated, 66 with cytotoxics. The median survival time was 6 months. Longer remission periods, of at least 12 months, were seen in ten of the 78 patients (13%). Despite the overall poor prognosis and the pre-existing immune defect, palliative (chemo-)therapeutic measures are both justified and promising, and may also result in life-prolonging remissions.
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PMID:[Malignant lymphoma associated with HIV infection]. 187 22

While B-cell lymphomas are frequently found in AIDS patients, reports on oral manifestations are rare. Among a group of 465 HIV-infected patients 5 presented with primary oral manifestations of a malignant B-cell lymphoma. The primary site of manifestation was the maxilla in 3 cases and the mandible in 2 cases. Based on the histological and immunohistochemical examination the tumors were differentiated as Burkitt's lymphoma (n = 1), as anaplastic large cell (ALC) lymphoma of the B-cell type (n = 1), as high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma not classifiable according to the Kiel classification (n = 1), as immunoblastic-plasmoblastic lymphoma (n = 1), and as centroblastic lymphoma (n = 1). Serum samples were negative for HTLV-I antibodies in 5/5 cases.
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PMID:Oral manifestations of AIDS-associated non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. 189 Mar 20

Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) is the second most prevalent malignancy in patients infected with HIV. Approximately 30,000 new cases of NHL are diagnosed annually, and individuals with immunodeficiencies have a greater likelihood than the general population of developing NHL. Moreover, individuals who are seropositive for HIV have a fourfold greater risk of acquiring NHL. Most of these individuals will manifest NHL as a high-grade B-cell lymphoma with extranodal presentation. Response to standard chemotherapy and/or irradiation occurs frequently. However, because of opportunistic infections, overall survival is approximately five months. The expert nurse's role in assessment and management of symptoms associated with infection and side effects of therapy is critical.
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PMID:HIV-related non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. 189 16


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