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Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hematologic manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection include cytopenias, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and myelodysplasia. Acute lymphocytic leukemia has rarely been reported in association with HIV infection. We describe a patient who presented with Burkitt cell leukemia and myelodysplasia as her initial manifestation of HIV infection. The dysplastic features included circulating asymmetric binucleated red blood cells as well as pseudo Pelger-Huet cells. To the best of our knowledge, this has not been previously reported.
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PMID:Burkitt cell leukemia with myelodysplasia as a presentation of HIV infection. 160 45

The incidence of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) has increased by over 50% in the United States since 1973. There is epidemiologic evidence that some of this increase is the result of AIDS-related lymphoma and that this component is increasing. Prolonged survival in the setting of a variety of immunodeficiency states is associated with an increased incidence of NHL. The development of antiretroviral therapy and improved therapy for the complications of AIDS has resulted in prolonged survival of patients with AIDS. As these patients survive longer with profound immunodeficiency, they have an increased cumulative risk of developing NHL. This may result in even more AIDS-related NHL in the future than predicted from current epidemiological studies. An increased understanding of the pathogenesis of AIDS-related NHL may lead to means of preventing their occurrence. Also, therapies that may prevent immunodeficiency from developing in HIV-infected patients may reduce the likelihood of NHL developing. Current efforts at treating these lymphomas are aimed at preventing the myelosuppression and immunosuppression associated with current regimens, lymphoma relapses within the central nervous system, and the opportunistic infections associated with treatment of these tumors. Ultimately, the best means of preventing the development of these lymphomas is by preventing infection with HIV.
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PMID:The occurrence of opportunistic non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in the setting of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus. 164 22

The pathogenesis of the HIV-associated lymphomas is not well understood. In order to begin characterizing this class of lymphoma, we initiated a molecular genetic study of DNA extracted from 31 diagnostic biopsy specimens from patients diagnosed with AIDS-associated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Analysis of 25 peripheral lymphomas showed that 14 were monoclonal B-cell processes, while 11 appeared to be of polyclonal origin. Five of the 14 monoclonal lymphomas were found to have rearrangements of the c-myc gene. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) genomes were found in seven out of 14 monoclonal samples, but only two out of nine polyclonal samples. The six primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma samples were more homogeneous than the peripheral samples and all were monoclonal, positive for EBV and lacked detectable c-myc gene rearrangements. This study allows us to subdivide the HIV-associated lymphomas into three major molecular subtypes: (1) monoclonal B-cell process frequently associated with c-myc rearrangement or detectable EBV genomes, (2) polyclonal B-cell process typically without evidence of EBV, and (3) monoclonal primary CNS process associated with EBV genomes and lacking detectable c-myc rearrangement.
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PMID:Evidence for molecular subtypes of HIV-associated lymphoma: division into peripheral monoclonal, polyclonal and central nervous system lymphoma. 165 78

In the 6-year period 1984-1989, 101 liver biopsies or 'needle necropsies' from human immunodeficiency virus positive patients were examined histologically. Of these, only nine showed no abnormality whatsoever. The commonest histological findings were either fatty change or changes related to co-existent chronic viral hepatitis. Granulomas were seen in 15 cases, four of which were positive for acid-fast bacilli. A range of organisms were recorded: cytomegalovirus (4); Histoplasma capsulatum (1); Pneumocystis carinii (2); Cryptococcus neoformans (1); and Leishmania donovani (1). There were two cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, but no cases of Kaposi's sarcoma. Marked iron deposition, which correlated with multiple blood transfusions was seen in nine biopsies. We were unable to identify any histological feature in the liver as being specific for HIV infection. The high incidence of liver abnormalities reflects: (i) the coincident exposure to hepatotropic viruses; (ii) the presence of opportunistic infections and neoplasms, usually part of a disseminated multi-organ process arising in the setting of profound immune depression; (iii) iatrogenic causes, in particular iron overload related to multiple blood transfusions received for treatment of zidovudine-induced anaemia; and (iv) non-specific changes associated with chronic debilitating disease.
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PMID:Surgical pathology of the liver in HIV infection. 165 81

The authors studied all patients with serologic evidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) that presented at a single hospital from 1982 to 1989. Sixteen patients were identified, all white homosexual men with a mean age of 38.2 years. Lymphoma was the initial presentation of HIV infection in 37.5%. Sixty-two percent of the cases had a high-grade NHL, 31% had intermediate-grade, and 6% (one patient) had a low-grade lymphoplasmacytoid lymphoma. Extranodal involvement was present in 43.7%, with the gastrointestinal tract and liver being the most common sites. Actuarial survival was increased by treatment with methotrexate, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisone, and bleomycin (MACOP-B). Colorimetric in situ hybridization identified Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in nine of the 14 cases hybridized. A statistically significant association of EBV with diffuse small noncleaved type (i.e., Burkitt's-like) (six of six) compared with other morphologic types (three of eight) was found (P = 0.025).
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PMID:Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Presence of Epstein-Barr virus by in situ hybridization, clinical presentation, and follow-up. 165 57

The association of malignant lymphoma with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has been recognized since early in the human immunodeficiency virus epidemic. Important clues regarding the etiology of AIDS-related non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (AIDS-NHL) and estimates of the future incidence of AIDS-NHL have been derived from epidemiologic studies. Recent epidemiologic and cohort studies reviewed in this article have confirmed that the incidence of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is high in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection, and increase with the duration of severe immunodeficiency in patients receiving antiretroviral therapies. A recent retrospective analysis of clinical features associated with AIDS-NHL described two groups of patients possessing distinct prognostic features. Finally, a number of new observations relating to the molecular and pathogenic mechanism underlying the development of AIDS-NHL have recently been described. The role of Epstein-Barr virus in the pathogenesis of AIDS-NHL continues to be enigmatic, and there may be multiple mechanisms contributing to the development of lymphoma, even in an individual patient.
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PMID:Clinical aspects of AIDS-related non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. 166 Nov 69

Six instances of lymphoma occurring in homosexual male patients among 140 HIV-positive subjects attended at our Department of Otolaryngology were evaluated for clinical features, histopathologic features and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA. The histology of the patients was consistent with a Hodgkin's lymphoma, centroblastic lymphoma and four lymphoblastic lymphoma. High malignancy and nodal localization were characteristic of four non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, which carries a poor prognosis. The DNA in situ hybridization studies demonstrated the presence of EBV DNA sequences in the four lymphoblastic lymphoma.
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PMID:[Malignant otorhinolaryngological lymphomas associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection]. 166 72

A case is described of an HIV+ man who was successfully treated for Hodgkin's lymphoma, but who later developed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma 3 years later when his immune system became suppressed. The patient was 22 years old when he presented with fever, asthenia, weight loss, and cervical lymphadenopathy. With Hodgkin's lymphoma he also had positive serology for HIV and hepatitis B. He was treated with alternate courses of MOPP and ABVD chemotherapy. In 1990 he again appeared with high fever, progressive cervical, axillary and inguinal lymphadenopathy, with hilar and mediastinal lymph node enlargement on x-ray. CD4 lymphocytes were 577/cubic mm, and the CD4/CD8 ratio was 0.57 (normal 1.8). His cervical lymph node biopsy was classified as non-B non-T large-cell anaplastic lymphoma which was EBV-positive. A Western Blot was positive for small amounts of p24 and p18 antigens. The man was treated with MACOP-B chemotherapy, with some results, but died of sepsis 6 weeks later. The relationships between Hodgkins and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, the timing of the neoplasm in the course of HIV infection, and the possible re-activation of hepatitis virus were discussed.
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PMID:Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma after prolonged remission of Hodgkin's disease in an HIV-infected patient. 166 42

We describe a case of an HIV-antibody positive male intravenous drug abuser who suffered from a low grade NHL associated with Kaposi's sarcoma. Both the grade of the NHL and the Kaposi's sarcoma are relatively rare in a patient like ours as the former are usually high grade NHLs and the latter is more common in homosexuals rather than in drug addicts. Clinical and therapeutic implications of multiple pathologies in HIV-antibody positive patients are discussed.
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PMID:Association of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and Kaposi's sarcoma in a patient with HIV infection: case report. 167 49

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is associated with HIV infection. We investigated the epidemiology and aetiology of AIDS-related non-Hodgkin lymphoma by analysing data from cases reported to the Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, USA, up to June 30, 1989. During this period 97,258 AIDS cases were reported, of whom 2824 (2.9%) had non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The condition was about 60 times more common in AIDS patients than in the general US population. 1686 cases were immunoblastic lymphoma, 548 primary lymphoma of the brain, and 590 Burkitt's lymphoma, a condition which is not normally associated with immunosuppression. The proportion of AIDS patients with immunoblastic lymphoma increased from 0% in those under 1 year old to 3.5% in those aged 50 or more. Primary lymphoma of the brain was constant at 0.6% for all ages. The frequency of Burkitt's lymphoma increased from zero in infants to a peak at 10-19 years of age (1.8%). Each type of lymphoma was twice as common in whites as in blacks and in men as in women. Lymphoma was most common in patients with haemophilia or clotting disorders and least common in those born in the Caribbean or Africa who had acquired HIV by heterosexual contact. Epidemiological data suggested that whilst infectious agents (eg, Epstein-Barr virus) may be associated with development of non-Hodgkin lymphomas in AIDS patients there was probably no single cause for all the types of lymphoma. Perhaps the most puzzling question is why Burkitt's lymphoma is commonly associated with HIV infection but not with other types of immunosuppression.
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PMID:AIDS-associated non-Hodgkin lymphoma. 168 Dec 34


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