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Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The association of malignant lymphoma with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has been recognized since early in the human immunodeficiency virus epidemic. Important clues regarding the etiology of AIDS-related non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (AIDS-NHL) and estimates of the future incidence of AIDS-NHL have been derived from epidemiologic studies. Recent epidemiologic and cohort studies reviewed in this article have confirmed that the incidence of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is high in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection, and increase with the duration of severe immunodeficiency in patients receiving antiretroviral therapies. A recent retrospective analysis of clinical features associated with AIDS-NHL described two groups of patients possessing distinct prognostic features. Finally, a number of new observations relating to the molecular and pathogenic mechanism underlying the development of AIDS-NHL have recently been described. The role of Epstein-Barr virus in the pathogenesis of AIDS-NHL continues to be enigmatic, and there may be multiple mechanisms contributing to the development of lymphoma, even in an individual patient.
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PMID:Clinical aspects of AIDS-related non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. 166 Nov 69

Six instances of lymphoma occurring in homosexual male patients among 140 HIV-positive subjects attended at our Department of Otolaryngology were evaluated for clinical features, histopathologic features and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA. The histology of the patients was consistent with a Hodgkin's lymphoma, centroblastic lymphoma and four lymphoblastic lymphoma. High malignancy and nodal localization were characteristic of four non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, which carries a poor prognosis. The DNA in situ hybridization studies demonstrated the presence of EBV DNA sequences in the four lymphoblastic lymphoma.
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PMID:[Malignant otorhinolaryngological lymphomas associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection]. 166 72

A case is described of an HIV+ man who was successfully treated for Hodgkin's lymphoma, but who later developed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma 3 years later when his immune system became suppressed. The patient was 22 years old when he presented with fever, asthenia, weight loss, and cervical lymphadenopathy. With Hodgkin's lymphoma he also had positive serology for HIV and hepatitis B. He was treated with alternate courses of MOPP and ABVD chemotherapy. In 1990 he again appeared with high fever, progressive cervical, axillary and inguinal lymphadenopathy, with hilar and mediastinal lymph node enlargement on x-ray. CD4 lymphocytes were 577/cubic mm, and the CD4/CD8 ratio was 0.57 (normal 1.8). His cervical lymph node biopsy was classified as non-B non-T large-cell anaplastic lymphoma which was EBV-positive. A Western Blot was positive for small amounts of p24 and p18 antigens. The man was treated with MACOP-B chemotherapy, with some results, but died of sepsis 6 weeks later. The relationships between Hodgkins and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, the timing of the neoplasm in the course of HIV infection, and the possible re-activation of hepatitis virus were discussed.
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PMID:Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma after prolonged remission of Hodgkin's disease in an HIV-infected patient. 166 42

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is associated with HIV infection. We investigated the epidemiology and aetiology of AIDS-related non-Hodgkin lymphoma by analysing data from cases reported to the Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, USA, up to June 30, 1989. During this period 97,258 AIDS cases were reported, of whom 2824 (2.9%) had non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The condition was about 60 times more common in AIDS patients than in the general US population. 1686 cases were immunoblastic lymphoma, 548 primary lymphoma of the brain, and 590 Burkitt's lymphoma, a condition which is not normally associated with immunosuppression. The proportion of AIDS patients with immunoblastic lymphoma increased from 0% in those under 1 year old to 3.5% in those aged 50 or more. Primary lymphoma of the brain was constant at 0.6% for all ages. The frequency of Burkitt's lymphoma increased from zero in infants to a peak at 10-19 years of age (1.8%). Each type of lymphoma was twice as common in whites as in blacks and in men as in women. Lymphoma was most common in patients with haemophilia or clotting disorders and least common in those born in the Caribbean or Africa who had acquired HIV by heterosexual contact. Epidemiological data suggested that whilst infectious agents (eg, Epstein-Barr virus) may be associated with development of non-Hodgkin lymphomas in AIDS patients there was probably no single cause for all the types of lymphoma. Perhaps the most puzzling question is why Burkitt's lymphoma is commonly associated with HIV infection but not with other types of immunosuppression.
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PMID:AIDS-associated non-Hodgkin lymphoma. 168 Dec 34

The CD4 molecule is expressed on T-helper cells and serves as the cellular receptor for the human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 (HIV-1 and HIV-2) and for the simian immunodeficiency viruses SIVmac and SIVagm. HIV-1, HIV-2, and SIVmac infectivity can be blocked by monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) directed against the CD4 molecule and by soluble CD4 proteins (sCD4). In the present study, we demonstrated not only lack of inhibition, but 10- to 100-fold sCD4-dependent enhancement of SIVagm infectivity of human T-cell lymphoma lines, although SIVagm infection was blocked by MAbs OKT4a and Leu3a. SIVagm enhancement with sCD4 was suppressed by MAbs OKT4a and Leu3a to levels observed without addition of sCD4. The infectivity of all four tested SIVagm variants was enhanced by sCD4 on all tested lymphoma cell lines. These results suggest a second step (second or secondary receptor) required for enhancing virus entry into the cell and may have serious implications for approaches to the treatment of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome on the basis of modified sCD4 molecules.
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PMID:Soluble CD4 enhances simian immunodeficiency virus SIVagm infection. 170 Aug 34

Hematologic abnormalities remain an important feature of HIV infection, and they often limit the therapy of this disorder. This is currently a field of intense research, and some progress has already been made. The current development of newer, less myelosuppressive therapies for HIV infection is encouraging. In addition, as more is learned about the biochemistry, molecular biology, and pathophysiology of HIV and its effects upon its host, more effective, HIV-specific, and less toxic therapies may be developed. Finally, the use of various cytokines to ameliorate toxicities and possibly stimulate the functioning of myeloid cells is a promising area of research and should be pursued further. However, in spite of these efforts, much more needs to be done. In particular, therapy of HIV-associated lymphoma, which is likely to be increasingly observed as AIDS patients live longer, is often entirely unsatisfactory, in part because patients cannot tolerate the hematologic toxicity of the regimens employed. As in the general field of oncology, hematologic toxicities in AIDS remains a major limitation of therapy, and advances in this area have the potential to markedly improve both survival and quality of life.
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PMID:Hematologic effects of AIDS therapies. 170 59

Stereotactic brain biopsies of 25 HIV-seropositive patients (age range between 20 and 56 years, 23 males, 2 females) were retrospectively studied. Biopsy material was examined cytologically, histologically, immunohistochemically and electron microscopically. A definitive diagnosis could be established in 23 cases (92%). Diagnosis included non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (10 cases), toxoplasmosis (10 cases), progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) (2 cases) and combined toxoplasmosis and lymphoma (1 case). Two biopsies were non-diagnostic. All lymphomas were B-cell lymphomas of high malignancy including one K1-lymphoma. In six cases, in which autopsy was performed, biopsy diagnosis could be confirmed. In one patient suffering from toxoplasmosis, autopsy demonstrated an additional cytomegalovirus infection. Conventional histology was not sufficiently decisive for toxoplasmosis, for some lymphomas and for PML. Stereotactic brain biopsy appears to be an effective method in the diagnosis of HIV-associated brain lesions.
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PMID:[Brain biopsies in HIV-infected patients]. 172 26

Lymphoma has been well described in various states of congenital, acquired, and iatrogenic immune dysfunction, and the clinical and pathologic characteristics in these settings are similar to those seen in patients with HIV-induced immunodeficiency. High grade B cell lymphomas are expected, with widespread extranodal disease at the time of initial presentation. Unusual sites of disease may be seen, such as the CNS. Factors predictive of short survival include low performance status, history of AIDS prior to the diagnosis of lymphoma, stage IV or bone marrow involvement, and low CD4 cells. Use of intensive multiagent chemotherapy may be associated with demise from opportunistic infections. Less intensive regimens may be indicated in patients with poor prognostic indicators, whereas patients lacking these factors may be able to tolerate greater dose intensity.
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PMID:AIDS-associated malignant lymphoma. 172 39

To detect the earliest structural changes in the brain in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, 118 gay men and 115 parenteral drug users enrolled in a study of the natural history of HIV infection underwent magnetic resonance imaging evaluations. Routine T2-weighted and heavily T2-weighted scans for quantification of brain water were obtained, blinded to HIV serostatus. Atrophy and foci of increased signal did not correlate with any medical, immunologic, neurologic, or neuropsychologic parameters in the group as a whole, or in the gay men or parenteral drug user subgroups. Three subjects had progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and one had central nervous system lymphoma. In a subgroup in whom intracranial water percent was calculated, correlations were found with CD4 counts and CD4/CD8 ratios. We conclude that standard magnetic resonance imaging of the brain does not differentiate asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic HIV-positive individuals from HIV-negative individuals, regardless of risk group. However, intracranial water percent may distinguish HIV-positive from HIV-negative individuals because it correlates with raw CD4 counts and CD4/CD8 ratios.
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PMID:A prospective controlled study of magnetic resonance imaging of the brain in gay men and parenteral drug users with human immunodeficiency virus infection. 172 62

To investigate the influence of HLA specificities on the rate of progression and outcome of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, we performed (a) a case-control study in 1989-1990 of HIV-seropositive individuals stratified by both risk behavior and ethnic background, (b) a longitudinal cohort study of HIV-infected male homosexuals enrolled in 1981-1982, and (c) an analysis of individuals with a diffuse infiltrative CD8 lymphocytosis syndrome. In the case-control study, there was a significantly higher frequency of HLA-B35 among intravenous drug users, but not homosexuals, who developed illnesses meeting the case definition for AIDS compared with asymptomatic HIV-positive controls, regardless of ethnic status. In the longitudinal study, HLA-B35-positive homosexuals had a significantly increased rate of progression to AIDS and decreased survival over a 7-year period compared with those without this specificity. Finally, there was a significantly decreased frequency of HLA-B35 in individuals with the diffuse infiltrative lymphocytosis syndrome, a clinically and genetically distinctive disorder occurring in HIV infection in which a low rate of progression to opportunistic infections was found. The high rate of salivary and lacrimal gland lymphoma in this group suggests that there is dissociation between the presence of HLA-B35 and the development of particular AIDS-defining conditions. We conclude that HLA-B35 is a risk factor for more rapid progression to AIDS, particularly opportunistic infections and Kaposi's sarcoma, operating in groups with high rates of newly acquired HIV infections such as New York City male homosexuals in 1981-1982, and intravenous drug users in 1989-1990.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:HLA-B35 is associated with accelerated progression to AIDS. 173 86


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