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Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Notable efforts have been made to relate aspects of the cell biology of T cells to the pathology, diagnosis, and treatment T-cell neoplasms. In particular, the application of molecular biologic tools to these areas has already allowed the generation of patient-specific markers for disease. A case can be made that a knowledge of the distinctive natural history of T-cell neoplasms should influence choices of treatment. Additional insights into the relevance of the human T-cell leukemia-lymphoma virus family to human disease have been recorded, and an important association of cutaneous T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders with human immunodeficiency virus infection has been documented.
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PMID:T-cell leukemia-lymphoma and mycosis fungoides. 145 97

Approximately 3% of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome cases present with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. By 6 to 8 years after human immunodeficiency virus infection, lymphoma risk is elevated 100-fold, and the risk approaches 1% per year following acquired immunodeficiency syndrome diagnosis. The proportions presenting as lymphoma differ by age, sex, and race, with relative rates being higher in older persons, males, and whites. The differences are similar in magnitude and direction to those seen in non-human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons and account for the variation by risk group. The relative risk of high-grade lymphoma is greatest, but significant increases are also seen for some intermediate-grade tumors. At diagnosis, persons with Burkitt's lymphoma, more common in children, have significantly higher average CD4 counts than those with immunoblastic tumors. Human immunodeficiency virus-associated lymphoma risk is probably related to dysregulation of the immune system leading to uncontrolled proliferation of transformed cell clones and subsequent genetic accidents. Environmental factors are unlikely to be important. By 1994, 10% of all lymphomas will be human immunodeficiency virus related, but this proportion will increase in the future. New approaches to the therapy of lymphoma are needed for this tumor, which we can neither prevent nor adequately treat.
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PMID:The epidemiology of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related lymphomas. 145 3

Sera from U.S. patients with SLE, RA, and various malignancies, clinically normal individuals with sero-activity to HIV, AIDS, and from pregnant women were tested for the presence of anti-c-myc antibodies. In an ELISA using recombinant human c-myc protein as the antigen, no difference in mean antibody titer was generally detected in these sera when compared to normal controls. Only three malignancy sera (two myeloid leukemia and only one lymphoma) and two patients with AIDS-related lymphoma exhibited exceedingly higher levels of anti-c-myc antibody. However, significantly elevated anti-c-myc antibody levels were found among 20 patients with African Burkitt's lymphoma (Ghana) and 20 normal Ghanians, thus apparently reflecting an autoimmune phenomenon prevalent in the endemic region. These findings indicated that elevated levels of anti-c-myc antibodies are not a general characteristic of patients with diseases that have been associated with increased expression of c-myc.
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PMID:Autoantibodies to c-myc protein: elevated levels in patients with African Burkitt's lymphoma and normal Ghanians. 147 33

Individuals infected with HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) frequently develop B cell non-Hodgkins lymphoma. Although previous studies have failed to document the presence of HIV sequences in these tumors, the recent demonstration of malignant transformation of primary B lymphocytes by HIV-1 has prompted us to reinvestigate this issue. We have examined DNA extracted from 7 lymphomas and 5 lymphadenopathy specimens for HIV LTR (long terminal repeat), gag, and tat sequences using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). All samples produced products of the expected size with primers for these regions, indicating the presence of HIV proviral sequences in these tissues. The amount of provirus in the tissue was estimated by normalizing the amount of HIV product to the amount of product for the cellular myc gene or beta globin gene. Products were quantitated during the exponential phase of DNA accumulation. These studies indicated that provirus was present at approximately one copy per cell in the 7 lymphoma samples and in 4 of the 5 lymphadenopathy samples. These results are consistent with a direct role for virus in the initiation of lymphoma. Studies to determine whether provirus resides in the lymphoma cells per se will be necessary to further substantiate this hypothesis.
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PMID:Does HIV infection of B lymphocytes initiate AIDS lymphoma? Detection by PCR of viral sequences in lymphoma tissue. 149 Mar 78

The study of 156 cases HIV infected patients put forward the high incidence of ENT manifestations in these cases. Cervical lymph nodes are an habitual manifestation of the disease. They appear as a host reaction versus viral infection and often they are the expression of opportunistic infection, Kaposi Sarcoma or lymphoma. They also have prognostic significance. We think that the lowe incidence of Kaposi Sarcoma in our report (comparing with other authors rates) is due to the fact that there is a smaller population of homosexuals in our environment.
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PMID:[ORL manifestations in HIV patients. Report of 156 cases]. 149 89

A case of AIDS presenting as a primary testicular lymphoma is reported. Despite the lack of evident systemic disease, such a presentation in a young patient should alert the physician to the possible presence of an underlying human immunodeficiency virus infection.
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PMID:AIDS presenting as primary testicular lymphoma. 150 56

Following a case of cardiac tamponade in a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), we examined the frequency and clinical spectrum of pericardial effusions associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection (HIV) at our institution. Of 187 hospitalized patients documented to have pericardial effusions over a one-year period, 14 (7 percent) were known to be HIV-positive at the time of their echocardiograms. One patient presented with a large effusion and cardiac tamponade, three had moderate effusions, and ten had small effusions. The probable effusion etiology was established in four cases and included endocarditis (2), lymphoma (1), and myocardial infarction (1). In hospital mortality was 29 percent (4 of 14). From our study, as well as a growing number of reports in the literature, we conclude that HIV-associated pericardial effusions are frequently seen and that their clinical spectrum is broad.
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PMID:HIV-associated pericardial effusions. 151 33

Recent advances in clinical research on surface marker analysis of malignant lymphoma cells are reviewed. Malignant lymphoma can be classified into T-cell malignancy or B-cell malignancy, using flow cytometry or immunohistochemical analysis. Based on recent results of immunophenotypic analysis and clinical data, a new clinicopathologic classification of lymphoid malignancy is proposed. T-cell malignancy bearing T-cell receptor of gamma delta-type is discussed. Other recent topics on malignant lymphoma, such as B-cell lymphoma of the pleural cavity developing from long-standing pyothorax, mediastinal large-B-cell lymphoma with sclerosis, HIV-related B-cell lymphoma, and EB-virus genome carrying B-cell lymphoma in ATL are also discussed.
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PMID:[Immunologic phenotype of malignant lymphoma]. 151 37

In 4.4% of human immunodeficiency virus-associated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma the presenting lesion is seen in the mouth. Often the lesion may clinically resemble a less sinister process, and a definitive diagnosis of lymphoma may be delayed. We describe three unusual cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, appearing intraorally in association with other oral lesions, in HIV-positive homosexual men. The three patients reported here were all diagnosed as having diffuse, large-cell malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. We performed Epstein-Barr virus DNA in-situ hybridization on our cases and Epstein-Barr virus DNA sequences were not seen. We review the pertinent literature and stress the importance of including non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in the differential diagnosis of oral lesions in patients at risk of HIV infection.
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PMID:Unusual oral presentation of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in association with HIV infection. 151 49

Involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) is common in patients with advanced disease due to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Symptoms range from lethargy and apathy to coma, incoordination and ataxia to hemiparesis, loss of memory to severe dementia, and focal to major motor seizures. Involvement may be closely associated with HIV infection per se, as in the AIDS dementia complex, but is frequently caused by opportunistic pathogens such as Toxoplasma gondii and Cryptococcus neoformans or malignancies such as primary lymphoma of the CNS. The clinical presentations of attendant and direct CNS involvement are remarkably non-specific and overlapping, yet a correct diagnosis is critical to successful intervention. Toxoplasmic encephalitis is one of the most common and most treatable causes of AIDS-associated pathology of the CNS. A great deal has been learned in the last 10 years about its unique presentation in the HIV-infected patient with advanced disease. Drs. Benjamin J. Luft of the State University of New York at Stony Brook and Jack S. Remington of the Stanford University School of Medicine and Palo Alto Medical Foundation's Research Institute have studied T. gondii for many years and are two of the leading experts in the field. This commentary comprises an update of their initial review (J Infect Dis 1988;157:1-6) and a presentation of the current approaches to diagnosing and managing toxoplasmic encephalitis in HIV-infected patients.
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PMID:Toxoplasmic encephalitis in AIDS. 152 Jul 57


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