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Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twenty-seven patients suffering from congenital coagulation defects of the prothrombin complex factors were investigated: six had haemophilia B; 14, factor VII defect; four, factor X defect; and three, factor II defect. Nineteen patients (70.3%) had previously received plasma and/or clotting factors concentrates. Among these, markers of hepatitis B infection (HBV) were present in five cases (26.3%) and hepatitis C (HCV) antibodies were found in seven cases (36.8%). The HIV1 prevalence was similarly high. In fact, five patients (26.3%), previously infused with factor IX or prothrombin complex factors concentrates, developed HIV1 infection. No patient with factor VII deficiency became HIV1 positive, despite the administration of unheated factor VII concentrates and the consequent HBV and HCV contamination. In the HIV1 positive group, three patients showed a false positivity for HIV2 antibodies. Five years after seroconversion, three patients developed AIDS (stage IV) and died, one had persistent generalized lymphadenopathy (stage III), and one with post-hepatitis liver cirrhosis was asymptomatic (stage II) for HIV infection. The significant decrease in total white cells, T4 lymphocytes and platelet counts and increase of beta 2-microglobulin and neopterin levels confirmed the prognostic value of these markers for the progression of HIV1 disease. Only one HIV1 negative transfused patient developed anti-HTLV-I p19 antibodies.
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PMID:Prevalence of HIV infection in a cohort of patients with congenital coagulation defects of the prothrombin complex factors. 178 37

Between April-December 1989, physicians at the neurology clinic of the Kenyatta National Hospital in Nairobi, Kenya recruited 32 patients who exhibited facial nerve palsy of lower motor neuron type and who did not have any trauma, inflammation of the middle ear, surgery, or disease of the parotid gland. 8 (25%) of the patients were HIV seropositive. Researchers did not retest any of the seronegative patients for HIV. 6 of the HIV seropositive cases had symptoms of early HIV infection: 4 generalized lymphadenopathy, 1 herpes zoster, and 1 generalized pruritic rash. The 2 other HIV seropositive patients did not have any symptoms other than facial paralysis. Several other studies have demonstrated an association between HIV infection and acute peripheral facial paralysis, especially in asymptomatic or AIDS related complex patients. In a study in Bangui, Central African Republic, HIV seroprevalence among patients with acute peripheral facial paralysis was 69%. The researchers could not identify the reason for the difference between the HIV seroprevalences of the 2 studies. Nevertheless physicians should expect to treat more cases of acute peripheral facial paralysis as the prevalence of HIV increases.
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PMID:HIV and acute peripheral facial nerve palsy. 180 92

Health workers took blood samples from 94 HIV positive patients (cases) and 86 HIV negative patients (controls) at the Kenyatta National Hospital in Nairobi, Kenya. Researchers compared the serological results of both groups to determine if any serological evidence of reactivation of latent infection existed and, if so, whether this reactivation could be related to acute toxoplasmosis. Laboratory personnel tested all serum with EIA and latex agglutination and dye tests to determine the presence of anti-Toxoplasma antibodies (Toxoplasma IgG). Both the EIA and latex test were more sensitive and specific in detecting Toxoplasma IgG than the dye test. The dye test revealed 54% of all patients had Toxoplasma IgG. Further 22% of the cases had IgG levels 180 units/ml whereas only 1% of controls had these levels. None of the patients exhibited any signs or symptoms of toxoplasmic encephalitis. Further no correlation between high Toxoplasma IgG titers and signs of central nervous system dysfunction or confusion occurred. Even though 35% of cases had considerable lymphadenopathy, it was not associated with Toxoplasma IgG levels. Moreover Toxoplasma IgG levels were not related to AIDS or death. The researchers concluded that high serum IgG levels were indicative of early Toxoplasma reactivation and necessarily associated with disease.
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PMID:Toxoplasma antibodies in HIV-positive patients from Nairobi. 180 45

In the course of a study of lymphocyte responses to microbial antigens in HIV-infected patients, we detected a previously unrecognized phenomenon of inhibition of lymphocyte baseline proliferation, induced by the presence of tetanus toxoid and Escherichia coli in the cultures. The effects of tetanus toxoid and Escherichia coli on lymphocyte proliferation in vitro were assessed by comparing the 3H-thymidine uptake by lymphocytes cultured without stimulant with the uptake of lymphocytes cultured in the presence of the antigens. Twenty-six patients with HIV infection (20 asymptomatic/persistent generalized lymphadenopathy, 2 AIDS-related complex, 4 AIDS) were investigated and the controls were 33 healthy individuals without evidence of HIV infection. Eight out of 22 asymptomatic/PGL and ARC patients progressed to full-blown AIDS in the mean follow-up of 26 months. The inhibition of proliferation was considered to be significant when the uptake of 3H-thymidine was reduced by 20% in the presence of the antigens. Using these criteria, 50% of the patients studied with tetanus toxoid and 36% of those studied with E. coli had evidence of the inhibitory phenomenon. Seven of the eight patients who developed AIDS during the observation period had the inhibitory phenomenon. In the group of patients without the inhibitory signs only one evolved to AIDS during the follow-up. The possibility of this phenomenon being related to an induction of suppressor cell activity by the antigens is discussed.
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PMID:Inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation induced in vitro by microbial antigens in HIV-infected subjects. 180 54

AIDS incidence is sharply growing in all countries. Doctors specialists in all fields of medicine may come in contact in the process of treatment with HIV carriers or patients suffering from AIDS, when the clinical picture is vividly manifested. The most frequently encountered HIV-dependent complex of symptoms includes persisting fever, lymphadenopathy, weight loss, diarrhoea. Blood test for HIV antibodies confirms the diagnosis. Treatment of surgical diseases in HIV-infected patients is justified in the latent period of the syndrome. In a marked clinical picture of AIDS and the presence of an opportunistic infection the patient survives no longer than 18 months. It is advisable in such cases, in the interest of the patient and the surgeon, to refrain from undertaking a planned operation because its mortality is very high. Only emergency interventions are indicated. During contact with a HIV-infected patient the medical staff must follow strictly the rules of hospital hygiene and antisepsis . The work must be carried out in gloves, protective glasses, and masks, and injure of the hands with sharp instruments must be avoided. The personnel must be trained and educated in working with HIV-infected patients.
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PMID:[Characteristics of surgeon's work with HIV-infected patients]. 180 95

We used in situ hybridization to study the expression of interleukin genes in sarcoidosis and in persistent generalized lymphadenopathy of HIV disease. In both cases, we found a dramatic over-expression of the interferon-gamma (IFN gamma) gene as compared to that of the interleukin-2 (IL-2) gene. In sarcoidosis, IFN gamma producing cells are CD4 T cells and are associated with IL-1 beta gene expressing monocytic cells. In HIV lymphadenopathy IFN gamma producing cells are C8 T cells engaged in cytotoxic function, as evidenced by the concomitant expression of serine esterase B gene. Thus distinct patterns of interleukin production can be defined in vivo in selected immunopathological situations.
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PMID:[In situ production and possible role of interleukins in clinical immunopathology]. 180 83

Skin and mucosal lesions are described in a 40-year-old man who suffered from HIV infection in the stage of secondary diseases. The diagnosis was supported by demonstration of antibodies to HIV in the immune blotting test. The clinical manifestations were reduced to steady fever, generalized lymphadenopathy, pyoderma vegetans and chancriform pyoderma, candidiasis of the oral cavity, and seborrheic dermatitis, HIV infection was diagnosed 4 years after the appearance of pyoderma which initially was amenable by external antibacterial agents and then became resistant to them. Eruptions of pyoderma vegetans simulating wide condylomas were located in inguinal folds, on the internal surface of the thighs and scrotum; the chancriform focus was located in the internal preputial layer. The treatment with azothymidine combined with antibacterial and antimycotic agents led to the improvement of the patient's general status and to the reduction of local lesions. However, on recommendations of an unknown witch doctor who started treating him with the aid of reflexotherapy, phytotherapy and bioenergetic actions the patient stopped receiving the treatment prescribed and did not report for control examinations. After 5 months he died of brain edema.
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PMID:[Pyoderma vegetans as an early sign of HIV infection]. 181 71

Subjects were 21 men with persistent generalized lymphadenopathy (PGL, n = 13) or AIDS-related complex (ARC, n = 8), who were not receiving anti-retroviral medication, and 21 controls. At baseline, mild cognitive impairment was detected in language, memory, attention, and visual and auditory processing, primarily in patients with ARC. On follow-up, the ARC group showed continued impairment and abnormalities on new measures of distractibility and activities of daily living. Although mild decline in verbal memory was noted for some patients, overall neuropsychological profiles did not show deterioration. Nomenclature for the pattern of mild, stable neuropsychological changes in patients with cognitive symptoms is discussed. Two interdisciplinary panels have recommended the term HIV-1-associated minor cognitive/motor disorder. Unlike the term AIDS dementia, it does not imply progression or a diagnosis of AIDS.
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PMID:Longitudinal evaluation of neuropsychological function in homosexual men with HIV infection: 18-month follow-up. 182 Dec 45

The incidence of HIV related KS has increased 50-fold since it was first recognized in Zambia in 1983. The mean age at diagnosis is 35 years for men and 28 years for women, with a sex ratio of M:F = 5:1. The most common symptoms and signs are weight loss, symmetrical lymphadenopathy, oral plaques, skin plaques in a central distribution, oedema and cough with dyspnoea. Biopsy is needed to confirm the diagnosis if disease is confined to lymph nodes. Objective regression occurs in 80% of patients receiving adequate doses of actinomycin D and vincristine (median survival time greater than 3 years for stage I or II disease and 7.5 months for stage III); epirubicin with vincristine was more effective in a phase II trial. Both treatments give good relief of symptoms, allowing patients to return to work. Clinical, histological and biological features of HIV related KS do not support conclusively its classification as a "malignant tumour". Heterosexual and perinatal transmission of HIV in Africa ensures that KS affects families, not just individuals.
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PMID:Occurrence, clinical behaviour and management of Kaposi's sarcoma in Zambia. 182 24

A 37 year old male developed fever for 20 days, along with headache, anorexia, malaise, sweating, pharyngitis, lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly. At this stage, Ag p24 was positive and anti HIV was negative. The patient recovered fully but 6 months later positive HIV titers were demonstrated by immunofluorescence and Western-blot. A retrospective diagnosis of acute retroviral syndrome was made. The difficult differential diagnosis with infectious mononucleosis, cytomegalovirus, measles, rubella, toxoplasmosis and influenza is discussed. Thus, anti HIV antigenemia should be investigated in any patient with a mononucleosis like syndrome belonging in a high risk group for AIDS, even if Paul-Bunnell-Davidson or IgG anti VCA-EB reactions are positive.
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PMID:[Acute retroviral syndrome]. 182 45


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