Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Corticosteroids are beneficial in the treatment of some forms of tuberculosis, but their role in TB affecting HIV-positive patients is not clear. During a cohort study of tuberculosis patients in Lusaka, Zambia, prednisolone was prescribed for specific indications. Six of 47 (13 per cent) of patients who received prednisolone early in treatment developed herpes zoster, compared with 2 of 118 (2 per cent) of those who did not. Three patients who received prednisolone developed Kaposi's sarcoma, compared with none who did not. At 2 months patients who had received prednisolone showed a greater improvement in generalized lymphadenopathy and cough. Controlled studies of the risks and benefits of administration of corticosteroids to HIV-positive TB patients are urgently needed.
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PMID:Use of prednisolone in the treatment of HIV-positive tuberculosis patients. 148 47

Individuals infected with HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) frequently develop B cell non-Hodgkins lymphoma. Although previous studies have failed to document the presence of HIV sequences in these tumors, the recent demonstration of malignant transformation of primary B lymphocytes by HIV-1 has prompted us to reinvestigate this issue. We have examined DNA extracted from 7 lymphomas and 5 lymphadenopathy specimens for HIV LTR (long terminal repeat), gag, and tat sequences using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). All samples produced products of the expected size with primers for these regions, indicating the presence of HIV proviral sequences in these tissues. The amount of provirus in the tissue was estimated by normalizing the amount of HIV product to the amount of product for the cellular myc gene or beta globin gene. Products were quantitated during the exponential phase of DNA accumulation. These studies indicated that provirus was present at approximately one copy per cell in the 7 lymphoma samples and in 4 of the 5 lymphadenopathy samples. These results are consistent with a direct role for virus in the initiation of lymphoma. Studies to determine whether provirus resides in the lymphoma cells per se will be necessary to further substantiate this hypothesis.
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PMID:Does HIV infection of B lymphocytes initiate AIDS lymphoma? Detection by PCR of viral sequences in lymphoma tissue. 149 Mar 78

Between June 1987 and August 1989, physicians enrolled 323 tuberculosis (TB) patients and 116 health employees at the Arua Regional Hospital in a rural district of northern Uganda in a case control study. They wanted to look at the link between TB and HIV infection. TB patients were more likely to be HIV seropositive than the employees (18.3% vs. 7.7%; p .005). HIV seropositive individuals tended to be men (71.2% vs. 54.9% for controls; p .05) whose mean age was 27.69 years. Most HIV/TB patients lived in the town of Arua (50% vs. 7% in rural areas peripheral to Arua and 1.6% in a rural area near the district border; p .0001). HIV seropositive TB patients were more likely to have a sexually transmitted disease (STD) than HIV seronegative TB patients (47.4% vs. 12.5%; odds ratio [OR] = 6.32; p .0001), especially gonorrhea (p .0001). They also tended to have had more than 5 sexual partners in the past 2 years (mean number of partners among HIV seropositive TB patients = 10.6; 35.6% vs. 9.5%; OR = 9.24; p .0001). HIV seropositive TB patients were more likely to have participated in prostitution and to have had a blood transfusion than HIV seronegative TB patients (33.9% vs. 3.8%; OR = 13.03; p .001 and 6.8% vs. 1.1% OR = 6.33; p .05). Skin piercing, widely practiced in rural areas, appeared to have a protective effect against HIV infection (OR = .33; p .0005). HIV seropositive TB patients were significantly more likely to have a persistent cough of more than 4 months duration (p .001), fever lasting for more than 1 month (p .05), oral thrush (p .0001), lymphadenopathy (p .0005), and amenorrhea (fertile women only, p .005). 27 or 28 TB patients had AIDS. At the time of submission of this study for publication, 18 HIV seropositive TB patients died during treatment. The case fatality rate was indeed higher among HIV seropositive TB patients than among HIV seronegative TB patients (30.5% vs. 8.7%; p .0001). The TB-AIDS survival rate was 46.4% at 6 months, 32.1% at 12 months, and 21.4% at 16 months. Median survival time was 5 months.
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PMID:Tuberculosis and HIV infection association in a rural district of northern Uganda: epidemiological and clinical considerations. 149 36

By the end of 1990, 51 symptomatic children with perinatally acquired HIV infection had been admitted to Baragwanath Hospital. Of 42 children who were followed up for at least 3 months, 15 (35.7%) died and 16 (38.1%) were lost to follow-up. The case fatality rate for these children lies between 35.7% and 73.8%. Most children became symptomatic before the age of 6 months and presenting features seen in over 70% of cases included lymphadenopathy, failure to thrive and hepatomegaly. Surviving children had recurrent admissions to hospital, predominantly for respiratory distress. Many had bacterial pneumonias. Cardiac involvement (cardiomyopathy and cor pulmonale), recurrent serious bacterial infections and neurodevelopmental abnormalities were common. Our experience confirms that vertically acquired HIV infection has a relatively short incubation period and progresses rapidly with cardiorespiratory symptoms predominating. Five HIV seroprevalence studies have been conducted in pregnant women attending Baragwanath Hospital and the Soweto clinics since 1988. The calculated doubling time is between 7 and 21 months. At the end of 1990 the HIV seroprevalence rate in pregnant women was 0.82% (95% confidence limits 0.44-1.19%).
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PMID:AIDS--the Baragwanath experience. Part II. HIV infection in pregnancy and childhood. 150 37

The case of 17-year-old boy with thalassemia major who contracted the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) through multiple transfusions is described. Eight years after the onset of generalized lymphadenopathy, and 5 years after the documentation of HIV infection on serologic grounds, he developed the first of multiple, painful, subcutaneous nodules, which proved to be leiomyosarcomas of vascular origin. The histopathology and possible pathogenesis of these unusual tumors are discussed.
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PMID:Multiple subcutaneous leiomyosarcomas in an adolescent with AIDS. 151 Jan 98

Imexon (4-imino-1, 3-diazabicyclo-(3.1.0)-hexan-2-one) a cyanoaziridine compound was studied in the treatment of the murine retrovirus-induced immunodeficiency disease model of AIDS (LP-BM5, MAIDS). Imexon, in dose-dependent fashion, partially prevented the development of hypergammaglobulinemia and splenomegaly, and partially prevented the decline in the phytohemagglutinin-induced proliferative response of spleen lymphocytes when started 1 or 15 days after virus inoculation. There was a statistically significant reduction in these disease-associated manifestations. When animals were treated starting 78 or 92 days after virus inoculation, lymphadenopathy was completely abrogated and survival was significantly prolonged in a dose-responsive manner. Since Imexon and other cyanoaziridine compounds have been safely administered to humans, we suggest that this class of compounds be further investigated in both large animal models of HIV infection and in patients with HIV-induced disease.
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PMID:Treatment of the murine, retrovirus-induced lymphoproliferative immunodeficiency disease (LP-BM5) in C57BL/10 mice with the immunomodulator Imexon. 151 14

To investigate the development of a reduced DLCO in patients with HIV-related disease, we studied 474 HIV-seropositive patients and performed serial lung function measurements over 18 months. The mean values of DLCO at presentation were lower in patients with more advanced HIV disease compared with asymptomatic HIV-seropositive patients (DLCO 88% of predicted). When compared with the DLCO in asymptomatic HIV-seropositive patients, the DLCO had reduced values in patients with persistent generalized lymphadenopathy (PGL) (82% of predicted, p less than 0.05), acquired deficiency syndrome-related complex (ARC) (73% predicted, p less than 0.001), nonpulmonary Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) (72% of predicted, p less than 0.001), nonpulmonary complications of AIDS excluding KS (73% of predicted, p less than 0.001), pulmonary KS (63% of predicted, p less than 0.001), pulmonary mycobacterial infection (68% of predicted, p less than 0.05), pyogenic infection (70%, p less than 0.05), acute Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP; 49%, p less than 0.001), and following recovery from PCP (71%, p less than 0.001). Serial lung function measurements over 18 months revealed no change in DLCO within any patient group, and in particular there was no tendency for a gradual decline. Clinical deterioration due to the development of PCP was associated with a reduction in DLCO. Conversely, in patients recovering from PCP, there was a partial improvement in DLCO over 3 months. Zidovudine (AZT) use did not affect DLCO within any diagnostic group or the recovery in DLCO following PCP. However, cigarette smoking was associated with further reductions in DLCO in all patient groups and with an impaired recovery of DLCO following acute PCP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Pulmonary function in human immunodeficiency virus infection. A prospective 18-month study of serial lung function in 474 patients. 151 57

We report a case of mesenteric tuberculosis. Two painful abdominal masses and fever were the first manifestation of disease. Diagnosis was obtained by aspirative punction of a mesenteric adenopathy guided by ultrasonography. AIDS risk factors were not recognized by anamnesis but serum HIV antibodies were detected. Thus, extrapulmonary tuberculosis and the finding of HIV-Ab confirmed the diagnosis of AIDS in our patient. It is necessary to assay for HIV-Ab in extrapulmonary tuberculosis, especially when mesenteric tuberculosis is present.
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PMID:[Isolated mesenteric tuberculosis as the first manifestation of AIDS]. 152 May 54

This study correlates the prevalent oral disease findings in 390 patients seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) with their level of staging (Walter Reed) and depletion of peripheral helper T lymphocytes (CD4+). Chronic lymphadenopathy of the head and neck was a common finding (59.2%) that occurred early in staging progression and did not correlate with depression of helper T-cell levels. Of the three prevalent oral disease findings (oral hairy leukoplakia (OHL), candidiasis, necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis [NUG]) only OHL and NUG were significantly correlated with helper T-cell depletion. The occurrence of visually detectable OHL and NUG corresponds to depletion of peripheral helper T-lymphocyte values in a range of 157 to 299 cells/mm3. This range may represent a more accurate value for biologically significant lymphocyte depletion than the Walter Reed value of 400 cells/mm3. The presence of OHL showed a weak statistical correlation with staging progression, indicating deteriorating immunoregulation. No cases of Kaposi's sarcoma or other HIV-1-associated oral diseases were observed in the sample population, regardless of the patient's staging category or peripheral helper T-lymphocyte count.
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PMID:Correlation of oral disease with the Walter Reed staging scheme for HIV-1-seropositive patients. 153 56

The human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) nef gene encoded by the HIV-1 isolate lymphadenopathy-associated virus type 1 was expressed in Escherichia coli under the control of the tac promoter. The protein is found mainly in the soluble part of the bacterial lysate; a simple two-column purification scheme has been developed allowing isolation of the recombinant protein without using denaturing agents. Analysis of the circular dichroism spectra reveals that the purified protein is folded and has a helix content of 16% and a beta-pleated sheet content of 31%. GTPase activity and binding of guanine nucleotides were measured for Nef and compared with the results obtained under identical experimental conditions for p21rasC, which represents a typical, well-characterized guanine-nucleotide-binding (GNB) protein. Within the limits of error, native Nef does not show GTPase activity and does not bind guanine nucleotides strongly (association constant, Kass less than 5 x 10(3) M-1). An upper limit for the association constant of Nef for ATP was determined by equilibrium dialysis as 5 x 10(3) M-1. Nef can be autophosphorylated by ATP; under the experimental conditions used, 1-2% of the protein become phosphorylated. Correspondingly, our Nef preparation shows a low, but significant, ATPase activity. In conclusion, Nef is not a member of the GNB protein family, but a possible role as a protein kinase cannot be excluded.
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PMID:Expression, purification and biochemical characterisation of the human immunodeficiency virus 1 nef gene product. 153 85


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