Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

5.4% (108 of 2,000) women have been confirmed for HIV 1 infection in Brazzaville in 1987. 1,172 deliveries have been registered by study, 7.76% have been occurred in HIV+ women. The prevalence of miscarriages was significantly, higher in HIV+ women than in HIV- ones (p less than 0.001). The birth-weight of new-borns was not significantly different among the children born to HIV+ and HIV- mothers. There were the various probable reasons of death of children born to HIV+ mothers. More frequently the respiratory affections with persistent hyperthermia were noticed. During the follow-up, in all groups of age, the fever with failure of thrive were the most frequent signs (50%) with pneumopathy. The clinical picture was completed by diarrhoea after six months of live.
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PMID:[Retrospective study of infection by the human immunodeficiency virus in pregnant women. Future of the child and the mother]. 140 11

An increased frequency of bacterial pneumonia occurs in HIV-infected individuals: however the development of bronchiectasis is not well recognized. We describe seven patients with HIV infection who developed chronic symptomatic lung disease, six with troublesome recurrent infective exacerbations. Bronchiectasis was demonstrated by computed tomography in five patients, and bronchial wall thickening was shown in a further two patients. The characteristics of the patients are described, and possible aetiological factors are discussed. As measures become available which prolong the later stages of HIV disease, bronchiectasis may become an increasing problem in this patient population. Early recognition and appropriate management may significantly alter morbidity in advanced HIV disease.
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PMID:Bronchiectasis in HIV disease. 148 49

Both intravenous drug addiction (IVDA) and HIV infection can involve respiratory system. So, we have studied pulmonary function in 107 heroin abusers during deprivation to clarify the extent of these two factors respectively. Two groups were separated: 50 subjects without HIV infection (HIV-) and 57 seropositive subjects (HIV+) in early stage of the disease (mean CD4 lymphocytes: 457 +/- 61/mm3). 36 subjects have been investigated 6 months later to evaluate the reversibility of possible observed abnormalities. Altered pulmonary function was encountered similarly in HIV+ and HIV-. DLco was abnormal in 40% of cases both in HIV+ (mean DLco: 63.4 +/- 1.1% of predicted values) and HIV- (mean DLco: 65.4 +/- 1.5% pred); obstructive lung disease was present in 18% of HIV- (FEV1/VC: 63.8 +/- 2.5) and 9% of HIV+ (FEV1/VC: 61 +/- 3.6); restrictive lung disease was found more frequently (16% vs 10%) in HIV+ (FEV1/VC: 81.2 +/- 2.1, TLC: 72.4 +/- 3.6% pred) than in HIV- (FEV1/VC: 84.2 +/- 1.6, TLC: 71.2 +/- 0.9% pred). These abnormalities were not associated with significant arterial blood gas modifications. As a whole, DLco tend to improve in the two groups and this significantly for HIV+ (p less than 0.03). But for individuals initial DLco alteration was persistent in 68% of cases suggesting slow improvement. In conclusion, in this study HIV+ and HIV- IVDA were not different concerning pulmonary function. In this risk group, DLco itself had a poor specificity and only it follow-up may be of interest for pulmonary opportunistic infection screening.
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PMID:[Respiratory function in heroin addicts with or without HIV infection. Study of 107 cases with a 6-month follow-up of 36 subjects]. 150 86

Thoracic disease in the HIV negative immunocompromised host is most frequently caused by infection. Patterns of involvement produced on the chest radiograph include (1) lobar or segmental consolidation, (2) nodules with rapid growth and/or cavitation, and (3) diffuse lung disease. The lung also may be directly involved by lymphoma, metastases, drug reactions, radiation pneumonitis, or nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis. The lung is a frequent target organ for opportunistic infections in AIDS patients, particularly of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and tuberculosis. Computed tomography may be particularly helpful in these patients in the detection of early disease and in the characterization of patterns and extent of involvement as well as complications.
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PMID:Thoracic disease in the immunocompromised patient. 157 Mar 94

Although Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) is the most common major opportunistic infection in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), its immunopathogenesis is not fully understood. It is known that anti-pneumocystis antibodies are present in the sera of individuals with and without PCP. In order to determine whether anti-pneumocystis antibodies are also present in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL), we looked for them, by immunoreactivity with tissue sections of intra-alveolar P. carinii, in the BAL of (a) HIV-seropositive patients with PCP (n = 18); (b) HIV-seropositive patients without PCP (n = 11); and (c) HIV-seronegative patients with nonpneumocystis lung disease (n = 5). BALs from 19 of 29 HIV-seropositive patients were deficient in at least one isotype (13 with PCP, six without PCP), while only one of five HIV-seronegative patients was deficient. Despite the considerable documentation of atypical presentations of disease caused by P. carinii, little is known concerning the mechanisms involved. To determine whether there is any relationship between BAL anti-pneumocystis antibodies and diverse host responses, we studied antibody binding to P. carinii in different settings. IgG antibodies in BAL bound P. carinii within spleen, liver, skin, and muscle, as well as within pulmonary alveoli and granulomas. However, IgA antibodies in BAL bound intraalveolar and disseminated P. carinii but did not bind to P. carinii within pulmonary granulomas.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Detection of antibodies to Pneumocystis carinii in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid by immunoreactivity to Pneumocystis carinii within alveoli, granulomas, and disseminated sites. 157 87

In a continuing study on the occurrence of nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease by screening sputum cultures and from clinical judgement, from 1979 to 1987, a second series of 42 patients were suspected of having pulmonary infection caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria. As identified by the WHO Collaborating Center for Mycobacteria in Prague, Mycobacterium avium complex was isolated from the greatest number of patients (21 or 50%); M. scrofulaceum from seven; M. kansasii from six, and M. gorgonae from four. The remaining four patients yielded one strain each of M. fortuitum, M. asiaticum, M. szulgai, and one with suspected M. simiae. However, clinical significance was confirmed in only 30 patients, 20 of whom had M. avium complex; three had M. scrofulaceum; three had M. kansasii, and one each had M. gordonae, M. asiaticum, M. szulgai, and suspected M. simiae. Retrospective analysis revealed that 24 of the 30 patients had pre-existing disease, including 20 who had tuberculosis. Blood examinations of 10 patients recalled so far proved negative for HIV infection. Diseases caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria is still rare in Thailand.
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PMID:Nontuberculous mycobacterial infection of the lung in a chest hospital in Thailand. 160 57

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) is a cytokine involved in the pathogenesis of shock and in granuloma formation, tissue necrosis, and fibrosis, in many organ systems, including the lung. It has been suggested that cells from patients infected by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV + ve) are primed for TNF release. We postulated that TNF release from the alveolar macrophages (AM) of such patients with lung disease might lead to their observed pulmonary dysfunction. We present data confirming that peripheral blood monocytes (PBM) and demonstrating that AM from HIV + ve patients with pulmonary manifestations show significantly greater TNF production than those from HIV-negative (HIV - ve) subjects. In addition, we found sequentially significant increases in TNF production from AM and PBM of HIV + ve patients with no pathogens detected at bronchoscopy (NB), bacterial pneumonia (BP), and those with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP). The overall TNF levels were greater from AM than PBM in all groups other than spontaneous production from HIV - ve subjects. Adherent populations of PBM and AM were incubated for 4 h with lipopolysaccharide (10 micrograms/ml) or control medium alone. Cell-free supernatants were examined for the presence of TNF using an immunoassay. The TNF levels (mean +/- SD) in IU/ml from stimulated PBM of the PCP, BP, NB, and control groups, respectively, were 186 +/- 36, 140 +/- 30, 95 +/- 18, and 55 +/- 10 and the spontaneous levels were 123 +/- 25, 100 +/- 22, 75 +/- 24, and 11 +/- 5.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha by blood and lung mononuclear phagocytes from patients with human immunodeficiency virus-related lung disease. 189 44

An association between tuberculosis and HIV infection is becoming increasingly evident. HIV seropositivity has been seen in nearly 30% of some populations with tuberculosis. In other populations nearly 25% of patients with AIDS had tuberculosis. Clinically these patients present with nonspecific findings including weight loss, night sweats, and fever. The symptoms are generally gradual in onset and last for several weeks. Early in the course of HIV infection a PPD skin test may be positive and the radiographic findings may be similar to those seen in individuals with normal immunity. Thus, upper lobe heterogeneous and cavitary opacities may be seen on the chest radiograph. In late HIV infection, however, the PPD skin test is generally negative and the radiograph demonstrates lymphadenopathy and diffuse heterogeneous parenchymal opacities. Tuberculosis should be suspected in HIV-infected patients when diffuse interstitial lung disease is demonstrated in conjunction with hilar or mediastinal lymph node enlargement. In contrast, lymphadenopathy is not expected in the most common opportunistic lung disease, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Standard antituberculous drug therapy is extremely effective in treating tuberculosis in this setting.
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PMID:Pulmonary tuberculosis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. 218 2

Pulmonary function studies are often limited to the alone measurement of transfer lung factor for CO (TLCO) in screening for pneumonia in patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection. We prospectively measured pulmonary function tests (PFT) in 112 HIV seropositive patients. The population consisted of two groups: on one hand, a group free of clinical and radiological abnormalities, on the other hand, one with respiratory symptoms and/or abnormal chest X-Ray, with or without overt pneumonitis. For this latter group, a fiberoptic bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage was routinely performed in addition to PFT. In case of pneumonitis, PFT showed a restrictive disease and a reduced TLCO. The specificity of this functional pattern was however weaker in the subgroup of drug abusers than in the non-drug addicts. This difference was above all linked to a low TLCO value in the subgroup of drug addicts without pulmonary complications. Multivariate statistical analysis, including discriminant analysis, maintained the same sensibility and improved specificity of PFT in diagnosis of pneumonia, especially if the analysis takes the existence of drug abuse into account. Moreover, initial PFT, performed before any lung disease, improved the sensibility of the screening. The results are discussed in relation to new tests proposed for the screening of pneumonitis in HIV positive patients. At the present time, PFT seems to be useful and enables one to understand natural functional evolution.
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PMID:[Respiratory function abnormalities and pneumonia in HIV-positive patients. A prospective study of 112 patients]. 220 71

A 39 year old man who was HIV positive and was treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for pneumocystis with hypoxaemia. During the acute episode he had a persistent fever of 38 degrees and hypoxaemia with a PaO2 of 65 mm/Hg and bilateral opacities both radiologically and on a CT scan, which were of alveolar type, with bronchograms identical to those observed before the treatment of the pneumocystis. In view of the negative evidence for a respiratory or extra respiratory infection, a surgical biopsy was performed and this revealed lesions of bronchiolitis obliterans with an organising pneumonia (BOOP). After the thoracotomy, there was a spontaneous clinical cure in a few days and radiological clearance in a month. This very rare diagnosis should be added to the list of causes of alveolar pneumopathy with infiltration and fever occurring during the course of an HIV infection.
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PMID:[Bronchiolitis obliterans, pneumocystosis and HIV infection]. 227 Mar 52


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