Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A pilot study of chronic hepatitis C treatment was conducted in 14 patients (13 had chronic active hepatitis and 1 had liver cirrhosis). All patients were asymptomatic for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 (mean CD4 count of 584 +/- 283 cells/mm3). Patients received 9 MU rIFN-alpha 2A per day for three months. After this, patients received 9 MU three times weekly for three months, 6 MU for another three months on the same protocol, and finally 3 MU again three times weekly for the last three months. After the first month of ALT treatment in 9 patients (64%) returned to normal; a significant decrease in ALT levels was observed with respect to the pretreatment values (mean of 42 IU/l, range 15-75 vs 152 IU/l, range 69-355; P < 0.01). Of the 9 patients who completed the treatment period, 5 had a complete response, and 4 of these 5 continued with normal ALT values during follow-up (sustained response) while the other patient relapsed within one month after cessation of therapy. The remaining 4 patients were non-responders (including one case with a break-through of the response). HCV-RNA was not detectable in 3 of the 5 responders at the end of therapy while during follow-up viral RNA became undetectable in the other 2 patients. 2/4 non-responder patients had detectable HCV-RNA during follow-up. Liver histology improved in all the patients. No changes were observed in the immunological status or HIV infection.
 ...
PMID:Treatment with recombinant alpha-interferon of chronic hepatitis C in anti-HIV-positive patients. 839 52

Pleural effusion (PE) has been increasingly diagnosed over the last eight years in the Department of Internal Medicine of the Centre Hospitalier of Kigali, Rwanda. To determine the etiology of PE and to examine its possible association with HIV-1 infection and tuberculosis (TB), the authors performed an etiological work-up, including thoracocentesis and pleural punch biopsy, of all new patients with PE of undetermined etiology referred to the Division of Pulmonary Diseases at the hospital between September 14, 1988, and October 16, 1989. 81 men and 46 women of mean age 34 years were enrolled in the study. Pleural TB was diagnosed in 86% and confirmed histologically and/or bacteriologically in 82%. 82 of the 98 pleural TB patients tested for antibody to HIV-1 were HIV-1-seropositive. Metastatic cancer was responsible for PE in six patients, Kaposi's sarcoma in three, lymphoma in one, anaplastic carcinoma in one, and adenocarcinoma in one. Non-TB pneumonia was documented in five patients and was associated with HIV-1 infection in four. Other causes of PE were congestive heart failure, decompensated cirrhosis, constrictive pericarditis, or undetermined; only one of these latter patients was HIV-seropositive. The authors therefore found TB to be the predominant cause of PE and it is strongly associated with HIV-1 infection. In an African area highly endemic for HIV-1 and Mycobacterium tuberculosis co-infection, PE should therefore be considered a good marker of TB as well as HIV-1 infection.
 ...
PMID:Pleural effusion, tuberculosis and HIV-1 infection in Kigali, Rwanda. 844 20

Autoimmune hepatitis is an inflammatory disease of the liver of unknown etiology that progresses toward cirrhosis and liver failure and is generally responsive to immunosuppressive treatment. The presence of anti-smooth muscle antibodies with anti-actin specificity and of anti-liver kidney microsomal antibodies defines two distinct subgroups of the disease. An autoantibody against liver cytosolic antigens has recently been described. Management of autoimmune hepatitis relies on immunosuppressive therapy with steroids alone or combined with azathioprine. When the disease is poorly controlled, despite good patient compliance to therapy, cyclosporin should be recommended. Progressive liver disease in chronic hepatitis B in adults has been associated with the presence of precore mutants of hepatitis B virus. In children, the presence of precore mutants seems not to affect the rate of seroconversion to anti-hepatitis B e antigen. However, high viremic levels of precore mutants are associated with persistent viral replication and liver disease. Interferon alfa seems to be less effective in children than in adults in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B; however, it hastens the seroconversion rate to anti-hepatitis B e antigen, accelerating the spontaneous clearance of the virus in children with already low levels of viral replication. Blood transfusions, especially those received in the perinatal period, are the single most important source of infection with hepatitis C in childhood. HIV coinfection is a major risk factor for vertical transmission of hepatitis C virus in pregnant women. Chronic hepatitis C in children is usually an asymptomatic disease associated with mild to moderate fluctuation of aminotransferase activities and histologic features of mildly active hepatitis. Severe active hepatitis and cirrhosis are infrequent during childhood and adolescence. Interferon may have a place in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C in children.
 ...
PMID:Chronic hepatitis in children. 854 54

From November 1993 to December 1994, the seroprevalence of anti-HCV, HBsAg was studied among 346 HIV-infected persons (asymptomatic HIV-infected persons and AIDS patients) and 1,023 subjects from the general population (including 119 cord blood samples). The prevalence of anti-HCV, HBsAg among HIV-infected patients aged 15-45+ years was 11.0 and 11.6 per cent respectively which is significantly higher than the comparable levels for the general population (1.9% and 4.7%) in the age group 15-44 years. There was no statistically significant association of anti-HCV and HBsAg prevalence among 200 asymptomatic HIV-infected carriers and 146 AIDS patients. Assays for anti-HCV among blood donors are highly recommended to reduce the development of liver disease or cirrhosis in the immediate future.
 ...
PMID:Seroprevalence of anti-HCV among HIV-infected persons and general population. 857 73

Liver biopsy (n = 35) and autopsy (n = 71) specimens from HIV infected HCV-positive and HCV-negative haemophiliacs and non-haemophiliacs and liver biopsies (n = 33) from HIV-negative HCV-infected haemophiliacs and non-haemophiliacs were studied by histo- and immunohistochemistry to investigate the influence of HIV-coinfection on chronic C hepatitis (> 10 years duration). Almost all HIV-infected patients had a CD4 cell counts < 200/microns3. In biopsies and autopsies HCV-infection lead to stronger portal, periportal and lobular inflammatory changes independent from HIV-infection and haemophilia. However, HIV-infected patients with HCV-coinfection showed much more granulocytic infiltrates, particularly in the small bile ducts. In biopsies and autopsies HCV infection was associated with a stronger (centrilobular) fibrosis, particularly in HIV-positive haemophiliacs, and significantly stronger compared to HCV-negative patients. In the autopsy group half of the HIV-infected and HCV-positive haemophiliacs (n = 20) had developed posthepatitic liver cirrhosis due to C hepatitis, contrasted by two liver cirrhosis in HCV-infected non-haemophiliacs (n = 6) due to chronic B and C hepatitis and chronic alcohol abuse; no liver cirrhosis was observed in HIV-positive HCV-negative non-haemophiliacs (n = 45). Cholestasis and mild granulocytic cholangiolitis was a predominant feature in HIV/HCV-coinfection and similar distributed in haemophiliacs and non-haemophiliacs. The findings are suggestive that HIV-coinfection aggravates the course of a preceding hepatitis C virus infection, by a more granulocytic inflammatory infiltrate, stronger (centrilobular) fibrosis followed by a high incidence of posthepatitic cirrhosis--particularly in multitransfused haemophiliacs--and by cholestatic hepatopathy.
 ...
PMID:[Hepatitis and posthepatic cirrhosis in AIDS]. 860 Jun 88

Twelve children were included into the protocol, 5 in March 1989 and 7 in April 1993. All of them were HIV 1 positive and had diarrhoea, important adenopathy and opportunistic infections. Seven out of 12 patients had an immunological monitoring. One out of 12 children with B hepatitis died with liver cirrhosis. Eleven children had a clear improvement in their clinical course, during the treatment. Five out of 7 patients had a significant increase of the CD4 lymphocytes at 4 and 7 months follow-up. Four patients had an important and significant increase of the CD8 count at 4 months and 6 out of 7 patients at 7 months. Interestingly, in 4 out of 7 patients after 7 months treatment we observed higher than normal value of the CD8 count. Variations observed for CD8 population compared to CD4 were more important.
 ...
PMID:Augmentation of CD8 and CD4 lymphocytes subsets in AIDS infected children after treatment with a non-toxic chelating agents compound--Rodilemid. 864 93

The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible role of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in the natural course of chronic hepatitis C. Seventy-six adult patients with chronic parenterally acquired hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection examined from 1989 to 1993 were enrolled; of these 32 (42.1%) were HIV positive and 44 (57.9%) were HIV negative. Serum HCV RNA quantitation was carried out by polymerase chain reaction in a well-characterized group (n = 20; 11 HIV positive and 9 HIV negative). Distribution of histological findings in liver biopsies from both HIV-infected and noninfected patients was similar. However, within 15 years after initial HCV infection, 8 of 32 (25%) HIV-positive patients developed cirrhosis, in comparison with only 2 of 31 (6.5%) patients in the HIV-negative group (p < 0.05); similar incidences of cirrhosis were found in both patient groups within 5 and 10 years after HCV infection. Most of the HIV-negative cirrhotic patients (9 of 11) developed cirrhosis in a time interval longer than 15 years. Finally, HCV load was almost ten times higher (1 10-fold dilution) in the HIV-positive group, but this difference did not reach statistical significance in this small study population. These results suggest that HIV infection can alter the natural course of chronic parenterally acquired hepatitis C, causing an unusually rapid progression to cirrhosis.
 ...
PMID:Influence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection on the natural course of chronic parenterally acquired hepatitis C. 865 44

A 61-year-old white female with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection first diagnosed in 1994 was admitted with two newly discovered lesions in the liver suspected to represent hepatocellular carcinoma. The alpha-1-fetoprotein (AFP) level was within normal limits and there was neither clinical nor sonographic evidence of liver cirrhosis. Fine needle aspiration, however, showed an high-grade malignant centroblastic non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Staging failed to confirm extrahepatic involvement. Both a cryoglobulinemia and HIV infection were ruled out. Although the coincidence of HCV infection and NHL is not well recognized, recent studies have indicated an increased incidence of NHL and hepatitis C in up to 38% of patients with cryoglobulinemia. In these patients, the diagnosis is always one of a low-grade lymphoma. Based on its lymphoproliferative characteristics, an etiologic role for HCV in the development of NHL has been discussed, though the exact pathogenesis remains unclear.
 ...
PMID:Intrahepatic high-grade malignant non-Hodgkin lymphoma in a patient with chronic hepatitis C infection. 868 60

Peliosis hepatis is an uncommon entity characterized by multiple oval and irregularly shaped blood-filled cystic cavities in the liver parenchyma. The spaces are lined by either hepatocytes or endothelial cells. They communicate with the sinusoids, many of which are dilated. The condition has been associated with cirrhosis, malignancy, infection with tuberculosis and HIV, and medication such as anabolic or androgenic steroids. The etiology is uncertain, but toxic injury to the sinusoidal wall is postulated. The condition may present with hepatomegaly, cirrhosis and portal hypertension, hepatic failure, or shock from hepatic or splenic rupture. The authors report the case of a patient who developed peliosis hepatis while taking oral contraceptives. Abdominal ultrasound performed upon the 35-year-old woman presenting with right upper quadrant abdominal pain identified multiple, well-circumscribed liver lesions of varying size and echogenicity. No blood flow was detected on color duplex ultrasound and the rest of the abdominal examination was normal. Her condition was attributed to oral contraceptive use. Such use was therefore discontinued, and 6 months later the lesions were found to have reduced in size. The patient's pain had reduced considerably and she was clinically well. Follow-up is mandatory in such cases following diagnosis and treatment.
 ...
PMID:Peliosis hepatis associated with oral contraceptive use. 868 55

Between 1990 and 1992 (2 years), 102 patients with clinical liver pathology underwent standardized clinical, pathological, sonographic and serologic investigations (HAV, HBV, HCV, HDV autoantibodies and tumor markers). During the same period seroepidemiological studies with the same parameters as above were performed on the following control groups: healthy pregnant women (n = 383), blood donors (n = 85), HIV-positive individuals (n = 93), and hospitalized patients in all age groups with minor ailments unrelated to liver pathology (n = 108). The results are discussed in detail. Virtually all adults had HAV infection. HBV and HCV infection appears to play a major role in chronic liver pathology in southern Cameroon. The two infections frequently occur together (over 40% of liver cases) and correlate significantly with liver cirrhosis. The marked prevalence of HBV and HCV markers in healthy pregnant women is of epidemiological concern due to the potential for vertical transmission of the infection (immunization). Endemic infections such as falciparum malaria are probably responsible for unspecific stimulation of the immune system, which is reflected in a generally marked prevalence of autoimmune markers in liver patients and controls, since histologically there was no evidence of autoimmune liver disease.
 ...
PMID:[Role of hepatotropic viruses in liver pathology in Southwestern Cameroon]. 870 Dec 58


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>