Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The transmission of infectious diseases, mainly hepatitis B, non-A non-B and HIV infection, was the major complication of replacement therapy in hemophiliacs before the introduction of virus inactivated concentrates. The clinical relevance of transfusion associated infections in 43 hemophiliacs treated with different coagulation preparations during an observation period from 1978 to 1986, is discussed. Up to 1981, 38 hemophiliacs have shown hepatitis B seroconversion; 20 of them had a permanent increase in ALT levels. Only two among the five seronegative hemophiliacs showed an immune response to vaccination against hepatitis B. During the observation period 13 hemophiliacs contracted clinical non-A non-B hepatitis. Ten hemophiliacs have been HIV infected. Both hepatitis B and HIV infection occurred more frequently in hemophiliacs treated with foreign concentrates. One patient died of liver cirrhosis, another of AIDS. Since 1986. Swiss hemophiliacs have only been treated with virus inactivated concentrates: therefore no further HIV infections or hepatitis have been observed. Different methods of virus inactivation and factor VIIC purification are discussed. Since factor VIII yield is very low in the ultrapure and virusfree concentrates, a worldwide shortage of factor VIII concentrates is going on. It remains to be expected whether the availability of recombinant factor VIIIC will resolve these problems in the near future.
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PMID:[Prevention of transfusion-associated virus infections in hemophilic patients needing replacement therapy]. 248 48

During the last eighteen years (1970-1987) at the Infectious Diseases Clinic of the University of Pavia, Ospedale Policlinico S. Matteo, IRCCS, Pavia (referral Center for hepatitis in our district: 502534 inhabitants) we observed 4238 patients (2706 M = 63.8%; 1532 F = 36.2%) admitted with presumptive diagnosis of hepatitis. The male to female sex ratio was 1.78 and average age was 38 (1-90) years. Acute viral hepatitis was diagnosed in 3238 patients (76.4%), 1960 of which were males (60.5%) and 1278 (39.5%) females, with an average age of 35 (1-88) years. The possible route of transmission was: drug addition in 487 patients (15%), blood transfusion in 464 (14.3%), other (sexual, professional, familiar) in 332 (10.3%), unknown in 1955 (60.4%). Chronic hepatitis (CH) was diagnosed according to the European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) and to the International Association for the Study of the Liver (IASL) in 848 patients (20%), 704 M(83%) and 144 F (17%) with an average age of 48 (2-90) years. 463 patients (54.5%) were biopsied during admission, 385 (45.5%) received definitive diagnosis by clinical and previous histologic records. CAH was found in 268 (57.9%), CPH in 161 (34.8%) and CLH in 20 (4.3%) patients. Other liver diseases (steatosis, cirrhosis, HCC) were identified in 152 subjects (3%). The prevalence of A, B, NANB and Delta hepatitis virus and HI virus in the acute disease was respectively of 5.4%, 54.8%, 33.9%, 0.28% and 0.77%. In CH the HBV aetiology accounted for 49.1%, NANB virus for 44.5%, co/super infection with HDV for 15%. Among factors involved in pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis we focused attention on drug addition which was found in 129 (28.7%) patients, blood transfusion in 70 (15.6%), HIV infection in 35 of 166 (21.1%). The data still demonstrate the high prevalence of HBV aetiology of CH and existence of co-factors in the pathogenesis of chronicity. The lack of markers for NANB infection persists as the main problem in the diagnosis of liver disease. This work was supported by grant 40% from M.P.I.: "Epatiti virali acute e croniche"....
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PMID:The spectrum of chronic hepatitis in the last two decades in a university hospital for infectious diseases. 249 35

No information is available on the role of non-A, non-B hepatitis in the various hepatic abnormalities described in patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Of 97 patients referred with suspected non-A, non-B hepatitis, 3 were found to have antibody to the human immunodeficiency virus. These latter 3 patients all developed symptomatic cirrhosis within 3 yr of onset of hepatitis. Such a rapid progression of liver disease was rare in patients with non-A, non-B hepatitis who did not have simultaneous human immunodeficiency infection. These findings suggest that human immunodeficiency virus infection may potentiate the liver injury of chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis.
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PMID:Rapidly progressive non-A, non-B hepatitis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. 251 Oct 56

Hepatic transplantation is the only therapeutic choice for end-stage pediatric liver diseases. The survival improvement, registered in the last few years is mainly due to the employment of cyclosporine in therapy, but also to new and sophisticated surgical techniques and immunosuppressive drugs. The indications in children are: biliary atresia after unsuccessful Kasai procedure, paucity of intrahepatic bile ducts (of syndromic and not syndromic type), some metabolic diseases (alfa1 antitrypsine deficiency, hereditary tyrosinemia), post infective cirrhosis, acute fulminant hepatic failure, hepatic malignancies. Absolute contraindications include severe systemic illness, severe cardiac or kidney failure, thrombosis or abnormalities of caval and portal veins, systemic sepsis, HIV infection. Other drawbacks are mental deficiency and the inability of family to care for the child and follow therapy after discharge. Relative contraindications are: HBsAg positivity, HIV positivity without infection, malnutrition. Finally the scarcity of donors of liver of adequate size is an important limitation for transplant especially in childhood.
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PMID:[Liver transplant in children. I]. 269 3

A case of disseminated Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) in a 21-yr-old white heterosexual male with cryptogenic cirrhosis and no serological or immunological evidence of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is reported. The patient died 2 wk after diagnosis. Postmortem examination showed involvement of lymph nodes, liver, spleen, gastrointestinal tract, and bone marrow. This case demonstrates that Kaposi's sarcoma can occur in a young heterosexual male with normal immune function and in the absence of HIV infection.
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PMID:Kaposi's sarcoma with visceral involvement in a young heterosexual male without evidence of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. 291 91

The safety of blood and blood products in Scandinavia today is high. An absolutely safe blood supply is, however, an unattainable goal. The dominating risk is transmission of non-A, non-B virus (NANBV). The calculated per blood unit risk is 1:200. The incidence of cirrhosis due to post-transfusion hepatitis NANB is calculated to at most 0.1% among recipients of blood components from about 5 donors. Other risk factors are transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) and cytomegalovirus (CMV). The prevalence of HBsAg among first time donors is about 0.05% (Sweden). In Scandinavia, anti-HIV-1 has been found in 0.001% of donations from start of screening in 1985 to December 1987. The prevalence was higher in Denmark, lower in Finland (and perhaps Iceland). The prevalence has declined during the last years. As of June 1988, 117 patients in the Scandinavian countries have been infected by blood components, all but 2 before screening was introduced. Besides these, 226 haemophiliacs have been infected by, in almost all cases, imported clotting factor concentrates before heat treatment was introduced. Most of the infected patients are still asymptomatic. About 70% of blood donors have anti-CMV, a few percent of which will transmit CMV-infection, with severe symptoms, to immunosuppressed patients without anti-CMV.
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PMID:Safety of blood and blood products in Scandinavia today. 306 87

The HBsAg carrier state may present as chronic active hepatitis which may proceed to cirrhosis of the liver and to primary liver cell carcinoma. The large scale production of interferons made these substances available for long-term treatment. A deficiency in interferon production in chronic type B hepatitis presented the rational to treat this disease with interferon alpha-A. In this phase II-trial 3/31 patients eliminated HBsAg and 14/31 HBeAg. This was followed by normalisation of liver function tests and probably an improved prognosis. Efficiency of treatment was dependent on the interferon dose, the level of viral replication, the level of liver enzymes before treatment and concurrent infections (e. g. HIV infection). Reactivation occurred in five patients suggesting that the treatment period was too short in some individuals. Future studies will potentially improve efficiency by the modification of the interferon schedule and a better understanding of the mode of action of interferon.
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PMID:[Treatment of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive chronic hepatitis with recombinant alpha-A-interferon. Results of a phase II study]. 322 6

Death data on 949 hemophiliacs for the years 1968-1979 have been analyzed. The median age at death has increased from 33 to 55 years. There was no evidence of new diseases caused by the more intensive therapy during this time interval. The leading infectious disease was hepatitis, accounting for eight deaths. Only one acute hepatitis death was listed after 1974, when sensitive tests for hepatitis B antigen screening of plasma were implemented. Cirrhosis was a primary or associated cause of death in 76 cases (8%) and pneumonia was a primary or associated cause of death in 62 deaths (6.5%). The types of malignancies in hemophiliacs were similar to those in the male US population with no evidence of excessive retrovirus malignancies prior to infection with HIV-1.
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PMID:Cause of death in hemophilia A patients in the United States from 1968 to 1979. 325 72

The interrelationship between hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, hepatic injury and clinical activity in chronic HBV infection is incompletely understood. We have scored histologic activity, the expression of hepatitis B core (HBcAg) and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and assessed HBV replication to correlate HBV antigen expression with histologic disease. Forty-seven formalin-fixed, percutaneous liver biopsies from HBeAg carriers were studied. Twenty-nine were Black, 16 Caucasian and two Oriental. Fifty-nine percent had chronic active, 35% chronic persistent hepatitis and 14% cirrhosis. None were positive for antibodies to Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). HBsAg and HBcAg in tissue were detected by immunochemical staining. Diffuse HBsAg staining was observed in 10/15 patients with CPH, but there was no correlation between histologic score and HBsAg expression. Intracytoplasmic HBcAg was observed in patients seroconverting to anti-HBe, but was also detected in patients with minimal hepatitis. An inverse correlation between histologic score and HBcAg expression was observed. HBcAg expression was more widespread in patients with CPH (mean 37%) than in CAH (mean 18%). A positive correlation was observed between serum aminotransferase concentrations and histologic score. Although no consistent pattern can be discerned, HBcAg expression and hepatic injury are frequently dissociated in patients with chronic HBV infection; complex host responses may determine the variable degree of disease activity and hepatic injury.
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PMID:Hepatitis B core and surface antigen expression in HBeAg and HBV DNA positive chronic hepatitis B: correlation with clinical and histological parameters. 368 95

So far little was known on the epidemiology of hepatitis A, B, C and of AIDS in Cambodia and especially not in the rural area of Takeo. Therefore serological markers for past or ongoing infections with the disease causing viruses were measured in 559 healthy individuals (305 adults, 200 children and 54 mothers of children with liver disorders) and in 185 individuals (103 adults and 82 children) with liver or kidney diseases. In none of the 744 samples tested was anti-HIV detected. 10-37% of the children and 73% of the adults showed HBV-markers, HBsAg being detectable in 2-14% of the children and in 8% of the adults. The prevalence for anti-HCV was 6.5% in the adults with a predilection in males (9%). No markers for HCV infections were found in children. Growing, age related proportions of children (27-97%) and 100% of the adults were anti-HAV IgG positive. HBsAg was detected in 46% of the adults with acute hepatitis, in 45% of those with chronic hepatitis/liver cirrhosis and in 90% of patients with hepato-cellular carcinoma (HCC). In children the corresponding figures were 18% for acute hepatitis and 18% for chronic hepatitis. Patients with acute hepatitis or HCC had a similar prevalence of anti-HCV as healthy individuals. However, 34% of the adult patients with chronic hepatitis/cirrhosis showed signs of a HCV-infection. When the data were analysed with respect to modes of viral transmission, crowding, transmission by unsafe sexual practice or contaminated injection material, and to a lesser extent vertical transmission, seem to be relevant for HBV. The main mode of acquiring HCV infection is probably through medical injections of all sorts, a habit which is very popular in Takeo. Prophylactic measures should concentrate on the prevention of HBV and HCV infections by hygienic means. HBV mass vaccination should be considered in the future.
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PMID:Prevalence of markers of hepatitis viruses A, B, C and of HIV in healthy individuals and patients of a Cambodian province. 750 85


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