Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twenty-seven patients suffering from congenital coagulation defects of the prothrombin complex factors were investigated: six had haemophilia B; 14, factor VII defect; four, factor X defect; and three, factor II defect. Nineteen patients (70.3%) had previously received plasma and/or clotting factors concentrates. Among these, markers of hepatitis B infection (HBV) were present in five cases (26.3%) and hepatitis C (HCV) antibodies were found in seven cases (36.8%). The HIV1 prevalence was similarly high. In fact, five patients (26.3%), previously infused with factor IX or prothrombin complex factors concentrates, developed HIV1 infection. No patient with factor VII deficiency became HIV1 positive, despite the administration of unheated factor VII concentrates and the consequent HBV and HCV contamination. In the HIV1 positive group, three patients showed a false positivity for HIV2 antibodies. Five years after seroconversion, three patients developed AIDS (stage IV) and died, one had persistent generalized lymphadenopathy (stage III), and one with post-hepatitis liver cirrhosis was asymptomatic (stage II) for HIV infection. The significant decrease in total white cells, T4 lymphocytes and platelet counts and increase of beta 2-microglobulin and neopterin levels confirmed the prognostic value of these markers for the progression of HIV1 disease. Only one HIV1 negative transfused patient developed anti-HTLV-I p19 antibodies.
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PMID:Prevalence of HIV infection in a cohort of patients with congenital coagulation defects of the prothrombin complex factors. 178 37

We present a case of disseminated tuberculosis with peritoneal and intestinal involvement in a homosexual patient who presented micronodular fibrosis and was infected by HIV, with an AIDS diagnosis since he had previously presented an esophagitis caused by candida. Diagnosis was made from a sample obtained from an ulcerated lesion from rectum-sigmoid region by colonoscopy, and when stained with Ziehl-Nielsen revealed acid-alcohol resistant bacilli (AARB) identified as M. tuberculosis. The torpid evolution of the process, which was complicated by the uncompensation of the cirrhosis determined the patient's death inspite of treatment. The characteristics of intestinal tuberculosis in HIV infected patients is reviewed.
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PMID:[Intestinal tuberculosis in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome]. 178 2

Oral hairy leukoplakia was initially reported only in HIV-infected patients and was considered pathognomonic for HIV infection. The presence of Epstein-Barr virus and the decrease in Langerhans cells seem to be necessary for the development of oral hairy leukoplakia. HIV antigen is not present in oral hairy leukoplakia. We report on seven renal transplant recipients with oral hairy leukoplakia. In six of these patients no HIV infection was present. All patients showed marked immunosuppression following a vigorous immunosuppressive regimen. Five patients each had several rejection episodes, which were treated with further immunosuppressive therapy in addition to the basic immunosuppressive regimen. One patient was infected with HIV from the renal graft and another suffered from liver cirrhosis with portal hypertension caused by chronic hepatitis B infection. We believe that oral hairy leukoplakia is a marker for severe immunosuppression that is not necessarily associated with HIV infection. Organ transplant recipients undergoing dermatological check-up should be examined for oral hairy leukoplakia.
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PMID:[Oral hairy leukoplakia in patients with kidney transplantation]. 191 69

The prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) was studied in various population subsets in the Netherlands with anti-HCV C100 enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and confirmed with recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA). Anti-HCV C100 ELISA positivity and RIBA positivity were found in 39 (0.7%) and 5 (0.1%) of 5,434 blood donors from Amsterdam; 25 (5%) and 2 (0.4%) of 481 blood donors from Surinam (South America); 19 (9%) and 2 (1%) of 213 multitransfused patients; 28 (4%) and 15 (2%) of 633 hemodialysis patients; 179 (80%) and 150 (67%) of 225 hemophilia A and B patients; 8 (80%) and 4 (40%) of 10 intravenous drug abusers; 18 (15%) and 2 (2%) of 119 anti-HIV-positive homosexual men; 2 (2%) and none of 106 anti-HIV-negative homosexual men; 6 (32%) and 3 (16%) of 19 patients with acute hepatitis non-A, non-B (NANBH); 13 (65%) and 8 (40%) of 20 patients with chronic NANBH and/or cryptogenic cirrhosis; and 4 (40%) and 1 (10%) of 10 patients with idiopathic autoimmune chronic hepatitis. Among blood donors, a positive correlation between a history of jaundice after the age of 18 years and the presence of RIBA-confirmed anti-HCV antibodies was found. Among both blood donors and hemodialysis patients, a positive correlation of RIBA-confirmed anti-HCV positivity with elevated alanine aminotransferase levels, but not with the presence of anti-hepatitis B core antibodies was found.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Prevalence of anti-HCV antibodies confirmed by recombinant immunoblot in different population subsets in The Netherlands. 164 6

The recent discovery of an antigenic component of the causative agent of Non-A, Non-B hepatitis, has led to the characterization of this virus--Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)--and to the identification of an antibody present in infected subjects (anti-HCV) detected by means of the C-100 antigen derived from a nonstructural region of the viral genome. Using a commercial Kit (Ortho Diagnostic Inc.), the incidence of anti-HCV antibody was studied in the Military Hospital "Dr. Carlos Arvelo" of Caracas, Venezuela with the following results: Health personnel (doctors, nurses, laboratory staff): 102 persons studied, 2 positives (1.96%); 16 patients in chronic hemodialysis: 6 positives (33%); 20 subjects with antibodies against HIV virus, confirmed by Western Blot: 7 positives (35.4%). Of 10 patients with Surface Antigen negative Chronic Hepatitis, 7 (70%) positive for anti-HCV, of 25 patients with cirrhosis: 12 positive (48%), 2 patients with hepatocarcinoma 1 positive (50%). There was also a high incidence of total anti-core antibodies in the patients studied. The results suggest that the hepatitis C virus could be playing an important role as a causative factor of liver diseases in our Country.
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PMID:[Antibodies against hepatitis C virus in patients with liver diseases and in risk subjects. Preliminary report]. 196 87

Hispanics are the fastest growing minority in the United States. Typically, they are divided into five subgroups: Mexican American, Puerto Rican, Cuban American, Central or South American, and "other" Hispanics. Risk factors for morbidity and mortality vary among these subgroups. Use of health care services is affected by perceived health care needs, insurance status, income, culture, and language. Compared with whites, Hispanics are more likely to live in poverty, be unemployed or underemployed, and have little education and no private insurance. Hispanics are at an increased risk for certain medical conditions, including diabetes, hypertension, tuberculosis, human immunodeficiency virus infection, alcoholism, cirrhosis, specific cancers, and violent deaths. Proportionate to their representation in the population, there are few Hispanic health providers, emphasizing the need for all medical personnel to be knowledgeable about Hispanic health care needs.
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PMID:Hispanic health in the United States. Council on Scientific Affairs. 198 56

After 15 years of unsuccessful efforts, the most frequent of hepatitis non-A non-B viruses has just been identified and called hepatitis C virus (HCV). The viral genome had been sequenced by an original and direct molecular biology method before the agent could be detected serologically or at electron microscopy. HCV is a small, encapsulated RNA virus, perhaps loosely related to flaviviruses. A non-structural protein, corresponding to the virus replication enzyme, is the specific component as target for ELISA tests to detect specific anti-HCV antibodies. This serology has enabled us to confirm that HCV is the most common of NANB viruses, being responsible for 60 to 80 p. 100 of all cases of post-transfusion hepatitis. The antibodies appear belatedly: in 40 p. 100 of patients they do so during convalescence, 2 to 12 months after the serum transaminase peak of primary infection. 60 to 80 p. 100 of patients with presumed NANB hepatitis are positive for anti-HCV antibodies. The same applies to cirrhosis and cancer which, in 40 p. 100 of the cases, complicates post-NB hepatitis cirrhosis. Since March 1, 1990, screening for anti-HCV antibodies has become compulsory for all blood donors in France. The prevalence of these antibodies is 0.68. Among groups of patients at risk, prevalences are 70 p. 100 in haemophiliacs, 50-75 p. 100 in drug addicts and more than 30 p. 100 in patients under haemodialysis. Sexual transmission seems to be weak but possible; 5 p. 100 of homosexuals carry anti-HCV antibodies, and this percentage is higher in HIV positive subjects. The discovery of the hepatitis C virus coincides with the finding that interferon is effective in the treatment of NANB hepatitis, and this exceptional opportunity in the field of public health should engender specific programmes. It may now be hoped that prevention by vaccine will be available in a not too distant future.
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PMID:[Hepatitis virus C: from discovery to applications in public health]. 211

Evaluation of the surgical risk in cirrhotic patients undergoing emergency operations must take into account potential anesthesia-related problems, the specific type of operation, and altered liver function. Therefore, (a) the generic surgical risk, (b) the specific surgical risk and (c) the anesthetic risk, must be distinguished. The factors which affect the generic risk are the conditions which can worsen pre-existing liver failure (e.g. cardiopulmonary disease, area of surgical intervention, stage of liver cirrhosis). Splanchnic reflexes as well as lower venous return to the heart are the potential factors which may lead to reduced hepatic blood perfusion and, therefore, represent the specific surgical risk. The anesthetic risk is due to negative interference with the splanchnic circulation by both artificial ventilation and direct pharmacologic vasoconstrictor effects. Finally, the possibility that the patient is positive for HBV or HIV markers must be considered in order to carry out the necessary measures to avoid direct contact with the blood.
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PMID:[Surgical risks for cirrhotic patients]. 224 63

In January 1990 a 32 year old nurse was admitted with fever, weight loss of 9 kilogramms and pain of her right flank. HIV infection due to intravenous drug abuse had been diagnosed in 1986. Ultrasonic imaging revealed a solid tumor of low echogenicity in the cranial part of the right kidney. This finding could be confirmed with computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Angiographic study showed a missing of blood vessels in the same area. A transcutaneous puncture with a thin needle resulted histologically in unspecific findings like detritus, lymphoid cells and neutrophils. Antibiotic treatment with amoxicilline and cefuroxim was without success. Symptoms as well as ultrasonic findings completely disappeared following oral administration of ofloxazine. The clinical course and the successful treatment support the diagnosis of an atypical renal abscess. As a second diagnosis a histologically proven cirrhosis of the liver could be established. Hepatitis C serology proved to be positive.
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PMID:[Reversible space-occupying lesions of the kidney in HIV infection]. 228 93

In my opinion, independent, carefully conducted scientific studies indicate that an accurate, rapid, relatively sensitive, and inexpensive laboratory test substantially reduces the major long-term risk of blood transfusion in the United States; donor ALT has emerged as one of the most effective laboratory determinants for reducing the incidence of NANB PTH. Despite its nonspecificity and limited predictive value, ALT screening may prevent up to 30 percent of cases, one-half of which would progress to chronic liver disease and then possibly to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Blood donors appear to understand and accept the testing rationale as a reasonable precaution. Admittedly, ALT screening is not a perfect solution. It has not been validated by prospective studies and probably never will be. Determination of the proper cutoff value remains controversial. However, the risk of PTH progresses with increasing ALT levels, so that the real issue is not whether to test, but how best to configure the test to exclude the fewest false-positive donors while detecting the most true-positive donors. It is undesirable and expensive to discard safe units of blood, but the primary responsibility of blood collectors is to ensure an adequate supply of safe components. Some still consider the ALT assay technically too demanding for routine use. However, technical concerns regarding performance and interpretation are not insurmountable, and both quality control and proficiency testing are being addressed at the national level. The assay is capable of great precision, and a system employing a national standard and single cutoff has already been described and tested with excellent results. Circumstances have changed since donor screening with ALT was widely implemented in 1986. More thorough screening and testing have eliminated many high-risk donors. Public expectations have changed as well. While it is neither reasonable nor responsible to promise the public blood transfusions without risk, neither is it prudent to propose any major change in management of the blood supply without compelling evidence that such a change will not impair transfusion safety. It is hard to defend discontinuing the ALT screen at this time, especially when the costs of retaining it are minimal and the benefits clearly greater than those of screening for HTLV-I and for Treponema pallidum (in the United States) or HIV-2 (in West Germany). A first-generation assay specific for antibody to hepatitis C will probably be available within a year.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Controversies in transfusion medicine. Alanine aminotransferase screening of blood donors: pro. 234 35


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