Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Dr. Charles Flexner, an Associate Professor at Johns Hopkins University, discusses different issues involving drug interactions. Flexner states that some interactions exist between street drugs and HIV medications, including between benzodiazepines and Ritonavir (Norvir) or Nelfinavir (Viracept). He also reports on toxicity and death cases associated with MDMA (ecstasy) and protease inhibitors. Drugs for opportunistic infections are also described; most are not implicated in clinically significant drug interactions, nor are most over-the-counter medications. Dr. Flexner's opinions on protease-sparing regimens and lipodystrophy are also provided.
 ...
PMID:Double jeopardy: the hazards of drug-drug interactions. 1136 84

The 6th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections was the largest AIDS scientific meeting of 1999. It provided an overview of the current state of basic and applied medical science related to the disease. Promising drugs are in development, and HIV-specific immunity remains an important area of study. Other major issues discussed included using immunity studies as predictors of response to therapy, problems related to lipodystrophy and other metabolic issues, viral drug resistance, long-term effects of drug therapies, perinatal transmission, and discoveries of new targets for potential drugs.
 ...
PMID:Retroviruses Conference, Chicago 1999. 1136 99

HIV-associated lipodystrophy (HAL) is a side effect of successful viral suppression using highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). HAL manifests itself through a variety of changes in body composition and metabolism. Changes include unusual fat redistribution throughout the body and altered mechanics of fat metabolism that can result in high levels of triglycerides and cholesterol. Some of these symptoms were apparent before protease inhibitors (PIs) became widely available, and may be associated with other factors, including different antivirals and underlying metabolism problems. However, the majority of cases appear to be linked to PI use. There is no definitive test to diagnose HAL, and prevalence rates range from 3 percent to 80 percent. Results of several studies are presented, including some involving patients with lipodystrophy who have not taken PIs. The long-term effects of hyperlipidemia are described.
 ...
PMID:HAL in 2001: a fat oddity. 1136 3

The 3rd International Conference on Nutrition and HIV Infection emphasized lipodystrophy and the metabolic implications of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Several presentations challenged the idea that protease inhibitors alone caused lipodystrophy. The way lipodystrophy manifests itself appears to differ by gender; study results were described. The impact of dietary fat on elevated blood lipids was also discussed. The use of human growth hormone as a treatment was explored.
 ...
PMID:Fat, sugar and drugs on the French Riviera. 1136 5

The annual meeting of the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) focused on reasons for HIV treatment failure, modification of failed treatment, and costs and adverse effects of therapy. Featured were studies on virological rebound during antiretroviral therapy and hormonal therapy given to patients exhibiting lipodystrophy-associated body changes. More than 90% of HIV-positive individuals display evidence of previous herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection. A correlation drawn between the acquisition of HSV-2 and HIV through sexual contact indicated HSV-2 may play a role in the transmission of HIV. Rising treatment costs by newer anti-HIV therapies are offset by lower expenses for nondrug medical services.
HIV Hotline 1998 Dec
PMID:IDSA '98 highlights. 1136 78

Antiretroviral therapy received mixed reviews in 1998. The approvals of efavirenz (Sustiva) and abacavir (Ziagen) have increased drug options. The use of genotypic and phenotypic resistance assays has helped clinicians make better treatment decisions. However, long-term side effects of HAART (e.g., high cholesterol, diabetes, and lipodystrophy) have emerged in patients who have responded to HAART regimens. Finally, it is becoming increasingly obvious that HIV must be managed by HIV-experienced clinicians, as studies show that their patients are healthier, live longer, and are less costly to care for than those managed by generalists.
 ...
PMID:HIV antiretroviral agents. 1136 17

A bullet outline of tips is presented to assist patients on anti-HIV drug therapy. Tips include clarifications of dosing schedules (e.g., three times a day means every 7 to 8 hours at the same times each day), hints for snacks to eat when a medication requires food but you are not hungry, explanations for lipodystrophy (buffalo hump) and possible treatments for "protease paunch." Contact information is provided.
 ...
PMID:Drug tips. 1136 19

The most important challenge faced by every HIV-infected person is making the best possible use of available treatments. The Sixth Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections presented some mixed data on HIV treatment. A new fusion inhibitor, T-20 (pentafuside), appeared to show significant HIV suppression in a trial in which the patient population had previously used an average of nine drugs, including three protease inhibitors. Other presentations addressed initial HIV therapy that spares a class of drugs, often protease inhibitors and sometimes non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), for use later in treatment. The earlier philosophy of hitting the disease early and hard is beginning to look naive, in light of long-term treatment complications and the lack of new treatment options. In addition, drug side effects continue to plague people on aggressive combination therapy, and concerns are mounting about metabolic complications like lipodystrophy. Another concern is how long a treatment can remain effective, and how clinicians are able to determine another treatment option that will be most beneficial. A table presenting an HIV Drug Identification Chart, including generic and trade name, is provided.
 ...
PMID:Report from the HAARTland. 1136 27

Lipodystrophy is one of the most common and distressing side effects associated with combination therapy. Some aspects of the phenomenon were reported several years ago, but the frequency of reports has greatly increased with the introduction of protease inhibitors in 1996. Lipodystrophy is a redistribution of fat, and the cause of the change is uncertain. It is not known if it is a signal of disease progression, or a result of anti-HIV therapy. A report on three separate cases conveys success in treating lipodystrophy associated with the use of protease inhibitors. All cases switched people from protease inhibitors to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI), however 10 percent of the group had increases in HIV levels. Serostim, a human growth hormone, has also had some effect in reducing central obesity and buffalo hump, but does not seem to be effective on facial and limb wasting or on decreasing lipid levels. To date, most studies on lipodystropy have been driven by AIDS activists, with pharmaceutical companies and the research community being slow to follow. There is very little information on treating this syndrome, and it is unclear how widespread its effects are. Reports on incidence levels range from 15 percent to 75 percent.
 ...
PMID:Lipodystrophy. 1136 31

Several studies on women have examined the relationship between body composition and the fat redistribution associated with lipodystrophy. One study found that women with HIV, receiving protease inhibitors (PIs), were more likely to have an elevated waist-to-hip ratios (WHR) than HIV negative women. Another study on body shape showed greater increases in breast and waist sizes in women on PI treatment, but the difference was not significant enough to equate the changes to the protease inhibitor-containing regimen. Further study is needed to determine the relationship between lipodystrophy and HIV in women.
 ...
PMID:Lipodystrophy studies in women. 1136 32


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>