Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

First images on a nanometer scale of reverse transcriptases (RT) of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) and of the Moloney murine leukemia virus (MuLV) obtained by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) are reported. The common feature of the observed molecules is a ring-type or horseshoe shape with hole diameters of approximately 30 A. The STM images are compared with high resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and existing structure predictions. The similarities of the structural data obtained by STM and TEM and their agreement with the structure prediction for the RT of HIV-1 shows the principal possibility to image such biomolecules by STM.
 ...
PMID:Direct observation of reverse transcriptases by scanning tunneling microscopy. 128 Sep 57

Scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) has been performed on the reverse transcriptases of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) and the moloney murine leukaemia virus (MuLV). The biological molecules are adsorbed on n-type semiconducting MoTe2. The p66 (66 kD) subunit of the RT of HIV-1 is imaged by STM. Both STM and processed transmission electron microscopy (TEM) data show a spherical and horseshoe-like shape of external diameter ca. 65 A, depending on the angle of observation. The STM results show a larger diameter which is related to the curvature radius of the tip of the probing needle. The RTs of HIV-1 and MuLV exhibit a circular hole of ca. 20 A diameter in accordance with structure predictions and functioning considerations. The surface-molecule interaction is discussed in terms of the electronic properties of the semiconductor surface including the influence of small defect sites at the layered crystal surface.
 ...
PMID:Scanning tunnelling microscopy observations of biomolecules on layered materials. 128 40

Murine acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (MAIDS) develops when C57B1/6 mice are inoculated with LP-BM5 murine leukemia viruses. Disease progression in these animals is characterized by lymphadenopathy, polyclonal B-cell activation, severe immunodeficiency, and death. Mice with MAIDS have been used to examine the efficacy of antiretroviral therapies for possible use in AIDS patients. In the present work, MAIDS mice were employed to test the hypothesis that established retroviral infection might be cured by the combined use of a cytotoxic agent (cyclophosphamide) and total body irradiation--a regimen reported to have successfully cured HIV-1 infection in one AIDS patient. Results indicate that the ablation of retrovirus-infected lymphoid cells reduced but did not eliminate LP-BM5 infection. Moreover, this regimen was no more effective at controlling virus proliferation or preventing the polyclonal IgG activation characteristic of murine AIDS than was AZT alone.
 ...
PMID:Effect of cyclophosphamide, total body irradiation, and zidovudine on retrovirus proliferation and disease progression in murine AIDS. 131 Jun 3

The bovine lentivirus, known as bovine immunodeficiency-like virus (BIV), is genetically, structurally, and antigenically related to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). It is not known whether sera from persons exposed to BIV proteins would show either positive or indeterminate reactivity on HIV-1 antibody tests. We used a BIV Western blot (immunoblot) analysis to examine human sera characterized as HIV-1 antibody positive, HIV-1 antibody negative, HIV-1 persistently indeterminate, HIV-1 p17 antibody positive only, HIV-1 p24 antibody positive only, human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) p19 antibody positive only, or HTLV-1 p24 antibody positive only. None of these sera were positive by Western blot to BIV-specific proteins. Many of these sera, however, displayed strong reactivities to bovine cell culture antigens on blots prepared from both mock-infected and BIV-infected cell cultures. The HIV-1 p17 and p24 antibody-positive and the HTLV-1 p19 and p24 antibody-positive sera were further examined by Western blot to bovine leukemia virus (BLV) and were found to be negative. We examined sera from laboratory personnel at risk for BIV exposure, including two laboratory workers who were exposed to BIV by accidental injection with BIV-infected cell culture material, and found no evidence of seroconversion to BIV-specific proteins. We tested 371 samples of fetal bovine sera, each sample representing serum pooled from one to three fetuses. All samples were negative by BIV Western blot. To date, we have not detected any human sera with antibody to BIV-specific proteins. Our data indicate that persistently indeterminate results on HIV-1 Western blot are not caused by a human antibody response to BIV proteins.
 ...
PMID:Examination of whether persistently indeterminate human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Western immunoblot reactions are due to serological reactivity with bovine immunodeficiency-like virus. 131 32

A patient with CD3+ large granular lymphocytic (LGL) leukemia developed transformation (TF). The phenotype of the leukemic cells was CD3+, CD4+ and CD8-. The leukemic cell count increased rapidly; the cells became large and the nuclear outline, which had been reniform, became lobulated. Anti-HTLV-1 and anti-HIV antibodies were negative in the serum of the patient and no HTLV-1 specific sequences were detected in the cDNA of the leukemic cells by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Comparison of the karyotype abnormality of the leukemic cells before and after TF revealed an abnormality of the 21 trisomy in 90% of mitotic cells of the patient. Analysis of the cell cycle revealed that 13.7% of the leukemic cells were in DNA synthesis phase which was not previously found. The titer of anti-human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) immunoglobulin G which had been high at chronic phase (1:1640 compared to normal titer of less than 1:160), became 1:20,000 at TF. The titer of anti-HHV-6 immunoglobulin M also increased from less than 1:4 at the chronic phase to 1:120 at TF (normal value less than 1:4). A HHV-6-specific DNA sequence was detected by PCR in the peripheral mononuclear cells collected at TF but not at the chronic phase. These data suggests that TF occurs not only in CD3-negative but also in CD3-positive LGL leukemia. HHV-6 reactivation is therefore a possible cause in immunocompromised hosts whose general conditions are deteriorated.
Leukemia 1992 May
PMID:Transformation of large granular lymphocytic leukemia during the course of a reactivated human herpesvirus-6 infection. 131 89

A monoclonal antibody-based antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed and employed to detect p24 capsid antigen from human T-cell lymphotropic viruses type I and II (HTLV-I, HTLV-II), simian T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (STLV-I)-infected cell lines, and from mononuclear cell cocultures of HTLV-infected humans and STLV-I infected monkeys. A monoclonal antibody specific for HTLV p24 and p53 capsid antigens was coated onto 96-well microtiter plates to capture HTLV/STLV antigen. Captured antigen was then detected by the addition of a polyclonal, biotinylated human anti-HTLV-I antibody, and color developed with tetramethyl benzidine/H2O2 substrate. As little as 15 pg/ml of HTLV-I p24 antigen could be detected in this assay. Culture supernatants from HTLV-I-infected cell lines (HUT-102, MT-2, C5/MJ, HTLV-II-infected cell lines (Mo-T, Mo-B, PanG 12.1, NRA) and STLV-I-infected cell lines (Matsu, NEPC M39) were all positive in the assay. In addition, p24 was detected from peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cocultures of 8 of 8 (100%) HTLV-I diseased patients, 14 of 20 (70%) HTLV-I and HTLV-II-infected, asymptomatic persons, and 8 of 8 (100%) STLV-I-infected, asymptomatic monkeys. Culture supernatants of cells infected with human immunodeficiency virus type (HIV-1), simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), Chlamydia trachomatis, cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes simplex I and II (HSV), feline leukemia virus (FELV), bovine leukemia virus (BLV), and bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV) were all negative. Similarly, normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and uninfected, transformed human T cells, were also negative in the assay.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Development of a monoclonal antibody-based p24 capsid antigen detection assay for HTLV-I, HTLV-II, and STLV-I infection. 131 63

Epstein-Barr-virus- (EBV-) positive lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) spontaneously arising in vitro were obtained from the peripheral blood of six HIV-seropositive patients and from the peripheral blood and the bone marrow of one patient (LAM) with AIDS and lymphoma. The LCLs from HIV-seropositive patients had phenotypic, cytogenetic, and biological characteristics indistinguishable from those of normal LCLs obtained by infecting B cells with EBV in vitro. The LCLs from LAM patient comprised composite cell populations. Cloning analysis and cell fractionation procedures showed that, beside normal EBV-infected cells, these lines contained a malignant subset population characterized by c-myc rearrangement, abnormal karyotype, and a surface phenotype similar to that of Burkitt's lymphoma cells. Analyses of Ig heavy chain and c-myc oncogene loci showed that these malignant cells were the progeny of a single precursor. Nevertheless, these cells had heterogeneous EBV-fused termini, a finding which indicates that EBV infection followed c-myc rearrangement.
Leukemia 1992
PMID:Characterization of EBV-positive lymphoblastoid cell lines obtained from HIV seropositive patients with or without lymphomas. 131 63

Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) infects CD4+ T lymphocytes and various other cell types, including B cells. Since HIV-1 seropositive individuals have high numbers of B cells carrying Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), and are at high risk for development of EBV-associated lymphoproliferative diseases, we studied the mode of HIV-1 infection in four EBV-positive lymphoblastoid B-cell lines (LCLs) as well as some molecular and biological features of the B cells infected by both viruses. We found that LCL cells were successfully infected in vitro by HIV-1, despite the lack of CD4 antigen expression on the cell membrane. LCL cells displayed a persistent, productive, and non-cytopathic infection. Moreover, HIV-1 infection induced reactivation of EBV latent genomes in one cell line. Following HIV-1 infection, LCL cells showed a decrease in B-cell activation markers CD23 and CD39, and an increase in CD10 immature B-cell antigen. Not all cells in each LCL expressed HIV-1 antigens, but all CD10+ cells also co-expressed the HIV-1 envelope protein gp 120. Furthermore, HIV-1 infected LCL cells grew as disperse suspensions, and formed more agar colonies than control, non-HIV-1-infected LCLs. These findings raise the possibility that HIV-1 might play a role in EBV reactivation, and in B-cell lymphoma pathogenesis in AIDS patients.
Leukemia 1992
PMID:Morphological and phenotypical changes in EBV positive lymphoblastoid cells infected by HIV-1. 131 75

Five groups of lexitropsin oligopeptides have been synthesized that are structurally related to the natural antiviral agents netropsin and distamycin and bearing two such moieties joined by flexible or rigid linkers. Inhibitory activity of these types of agents against murine leukemia retrovirus (MuLV) led to an evaluation of their inhibition of HIV-I in cell culture. The antiretroviral activity of the five different classes of lexitropsins is discussed in terms of their structural differences.
 ...
PMID:Anti-HIV-I activity of linked lexitropsins. 132 89

Murine models with type C murine leukemia viruses have been used to develop major new prophylactic and therapeutic strategies in vaccination, drug therapy of acute virus exposure and chronic viremia, combination therapy, prevention of maternal transmission, and therapy targeted to the central nervous system. Transgenic mice expressing either the whole human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) provirus or subgenomic sequences allow the in vivo analysis of selected HIV-1 functions. The full replicative cycle of HIV-1 can be studied in human/mouse chimerae which were created by transplanting human hematolymphoid cells into SCID mice. The chimeric SCID mouse models have been used successfully to evaluate anti-HIV-1 drugs. The role of the various murine retrovirus systems in the development of anti-HIV-1 and anti-AIDS therapies is summarized.
 ...
PMID:Development of antiviral treatment strategies in murine models. 132 85


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>