Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The authors report on an anti-hepatitis C virus antibody (HCV Ab) prevalence (6.9%) in 622 homo-bisexual males from Northern Italy, voluntarily attending an HIV and STDs screening program in the period 1984-89. The anti-HCV antibody prevalence shows a significant correlation with: i) presence of serological markers for HBV (O.R. = 3.12, 95% C.I. = 1.53-6.52) and HIV (O.R. = 12.09; C.I. = 6.52-22.52) infection; ii) a stable relationship with an anti-HCV antibody positive partner (O.R. = 7.79; 95% C.I. = 2.50-23.90); iii) more than twenty different male partners per year (O.R. = 2.55; 95% C.I. = 1.17-5.66). These data demonstrate the existence of a sexual transmission of HCV among homosexuals. This route might contribute in maintaining endemic levels of HCV infection in the homo-bisexual population and it might represent an important way of spreading the virus in the general population too.
 ...
PMID:Anti-hepatitis C virus antibodies amongst Italian homo-bisexual males. 128 16

With regard to the controversial issue of a reduction of transfusion-associated infections by non-remunerated donations, epidemiological data on the prevalence of HIV-1, HIV-2 and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are of particular interest in our country. We investigated four sample categories: (1) healthy employees and workers from Hamburg; (2) hemodialysis patients; (3) hemato-oncological patients, and (4) blood donors, and tried to differentiate between the three disputed vectors of community-acquired (sexually or pregnancy-transmitted), nosocomial and transfusion/transplantation-associated HCV infections. We conclude from our results that--prior to the implementation of blood screening--our carefully selected 'paid blood donors' conferred no higher HCV risks than the general (working) population (0.66 vs. 0.82% HCV antibody prevalence). Besides transfusions/transplantations, significant nosocomial risks apparently exist in hemodialysis units (21.0 vs. 9.5% HCV seroprevalence in polytransfused patients). Preventive measures, e.g. separate dialysis machines for HCV-positive patients, seem to be advisable.
 ...
PMID:[Hepatitis C virus antibodies in patients and the normal population]. 128 88

Major life-threatening complications following blood transfusion are rare and human error remains an important aetiological factor in many. The infectious risk from blood transfusion is predominantly hepatitis, and non-A, non-B and hepatitis C (HCV) are the most common subtypes noted. The risk of post-transfusion hepatitis (PTH) appears to be decreasing and this is attributed to both deferral of high-risk donors and more aggressive screening of donated blood. Screening for HCV is expected to decrease this risk further. The risk of HIV transmission following blood transfusion is negligibly small. There are data to suggest that perioperative blood transfusion results in suppression of the recipient's immune system. Earlier recurrence of cancer and an increased incidence of postoperative infection have been associated with perioperative blood transfusion although the evidence is not persuasive. Microaggregate blood filters are not recommended for routine blood transfusion but do have a role in the prophylaxis of non-haemolytic febrile reactions caused by platelet and granulocyte debris in the donor blood. Patients should be advised when there is likely to be a requirement for perioperative blood transfusion and informed consent for transfusion should be obtained.
 ...
PMID:Perioperative haemotherapy: II. Risks and complications of blood transfusion. 128 9

Intravenous drug users are frequently exposed to parenterally transmitted viral infections, and these infections can spread to the general population through sexual activity. We investigated the prevalence of serologic markers for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I/II (HTLV-I/II), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) in intravenous drug users and their sexual contacts. Of 585 drug users from northern California tested for these serologic markers, 72% were reactive for the antibody to HCV, 71% for the antibody to hepatitis B core antigen, 12% for HTLV-I/II antibodies, and 1% for the HIV-1 antibody. The prevalence of serologic markers for these four viruses correlated with the duration of intravenous drug use, the ethnic group, and the drug of choice. More than 85% of subjects infected with either HCV or HBV were coinfected with the other virus. All persons reactive to HTLV-I/II antibodies had antibodies for either HBV or HCV. Of 81 sexual contacts tested, 17% had evidence of HBV infection while only 6% were reactive for HTLV-I/II antibodies and 4% for the antibody to HCV. None of this group was infected with HIV-1. We conclude that HTLV-I/II and HCV are inefficiently transmitted to sexual contacts while HBV is spread more readily. Programs designed to discourage the sharing of drug paraphernalia, such as needle and syringe exchanges, should decrease the risk of parenterally spread viral infections in intravenous drug users and thus slow the spread of these infections to the general population.
 ...
PMID:Seroepidemiology of viral infections among intravenous drug users in northern California. 131 Mar 62

A multicenter prospective study was carried out to evaluate whether a vapor-heated factor VIII concentrate transmitted blood-borne viral infections over a surveillance period of 15 months. Thirty-five patients with hemophilia and von Willebrand disease who had never received any blood components were treated. Twenty-eight were analyzed and found not to have non-A, non-B hepatitis. Sera from 20 of these 28 patients were also tested for the antibody to the hepatitis C virus. None had sero-converted during the follow-up period. None of the patients analyzed developed markers of the hepatitis B virus (n = 17) or the human immunodeficiency virus (n = 31). This vapor-heated factor VIII concentrate carries a low risk of transmitting hepatitis and human immunodeficiency virus infection.
 ...
PMID:Low risk of viral infection after administration of vapor-heated factor VIII concentrate. International Investigator Group. 131 76

Sixteen of 110 hemodialysis (HD) patients fulfilling criteria of non-A, non B hepatitis (NANBH), i.e. alanine aminotransferase (ALT) greater than 50 U/ml in the absence of both serologic markers for acute HBV and HAV infections and clinical evidence of another cause of hepatitis, were tested for the presence of antibodies against hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) by enzyme immunoassay (Ortho, Diagnostics). All (100%) were anti-HCV-positive. There were 5 patients with a monophasic (M) rise pattern (1 or 2 ALT rises), and 11 cases demonstrated a polyphasic (P) rise elevation pattern (more than 2). The mean ALT value of the M group was 202.3 +/- 209 U/ml and that of the P group was 116.6 +/- 39.1 U/ml. The patients received a mean of 19.1 +/- 16.2 units of packed red cells during the follow-up period (69.9 months). Only 1 patient received no blood transfusion. Six patients had a past HBV infection and 3 became HIV-infected in the course of this study. The high rate of infection of hemodialysis patients with hepatitis C virus in our setting points to the need for improved control measures.
 ...
PMID:Hepatitis C virus in chronic hemodialysis patients with non-A, non-B hepatitis. 131 55

The presence of antibody to hepatitis C virus was determined in 316 HBsAg-negative patients with non-alcoholic chronic hepatitis who did not receive any blood transfusion once the diagnosis was made. A titre of antinuclear antibodies of 1/40 or lower was found in 18 patients. Persistent chronic hepatitis was present in 21 patients, active chronic hepatitis in 145, hepatic cirrhosis in 128, and hepatocarcinoma in 22 patients. One hundred and three patients had previously received blood transfusion, 76 had undergone previous surgery without transfusion, a clinical episode of hepatitis could be traced in 14, 13 patients were drug addicts (all of them HIV negative), 1 patient had received multiples injections, another had been treated with acupuncture, and 108 patients were free of any of the above. Anti-HCV was present in 76.6% of patients; a significantly higher proportion (87.4%) was found among patients who had received blood transfusion than in patients with previous surgery (72.4%) (p = 0.012), clinical hepatitis (57.1%), or without previous hepatic disease (70.3%) (p = 0.003). The incidence of anti-HCV was lower among cirrhotics (70.3%) than in patients with active chronic hepatitis (84.1%) (p = 0.006); in contrast, previous blood transfusion was significantly higher (p = 0.001) among the latter (40.7%) than in cirrhotics (21.9%). The incidence of anti-HCV was similar among patients with (78.6%) and without (75.8%) type B infection. Our results suggest that infection with virus C may account for a high proportion of non-alcoholic non-B chronic hepatitis.
 ...
PMID:[Prevalence of hepatitis C virus antibody in chronic HBsAg-negative non alcoholic hepatopathy]. 131 34

We studied the prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) among 164 heterosexual partners of anti-HCV-positive subjects, 131 prostitutes and 52 homosexual men. 6.7% of heterosexual monogamous partners had anti-HCV; the seropositivity rate was associated with a long-term sexual practice and with age. Of the 131 prostitutes, 6 (4.6%) had anti-HCV; there were significant associations in patients positive for anti-HCV, with a history of parenteral drug addiction. 11.5% of homosexual men were anti-HCV positive; there were significant associations with positivity for antibodies to HIV, intravenous drug abuse and with the number of sexual partners. We concluded that the HCV may be transmitted by sexual route, but the high seroprevalence among prostitutes and homosexuals may be explained by other parenteral mechanisms.
 ...
PMID:[The prevalence of HCV antibodies in 3 groups with distinct patterns of sexual activity]. 131 21

The prevalence of markers for human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 (HIV-1, HIV-2), human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I), hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV), and cytomegalovirus (CMV) was evaluated in a population of 305 multiply transfused thalassemia patients in Belgium, France, and Italy (Sicily). No patients were found positive for HIV-2 antibodies. Two French patients were seropositive for HIV-1, having been infected before systematic blood screening. Antibodies to HTLV-I were found in two Sicilian patients. A positive anti-HCV enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was found in one-third of the patients and a positive CMV IgG test in two-thirds. Twenty-two percent of the patients in the three countries were uninfected by HBV and were not vaccinated. With the exception of HIV-1, HIV-2, HTLV-I, and anti-hepatitis B surface antigen assays, all markers were encountered more frequently in Sicilian patients than in French or Belgian patients. This study emphasizes the need to improve HBV vaccination coverage in the three countries. At present, data indicate that the introduction of routine screening for HTLV-I should be considered, particularly in Sicily.
 ...
PMID:Prevalence of markers for human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2, human T-lymphotropic virus type I, cytomegalovirus, and hepatitis B and C virus in multiply transfused thalassemia patients. The French Study Group On Thalassaemia. 132 85

We studied 100 unselected parenteral drug abusers for infection with hepatitis C, B, A and D virus (HCV, HBV, HAV and HDV). Seventy-six percent had serological evidence of HCV infection. 12% were positive for HBsAg and at least one marker of HBV infection was present in 69%. These results were significantly higher than in a matched control population. Compared to controls, the prevalence of anti-HAV (65%) was not significantly increased in drug addicts. Of the anti-HCV-positive drug addicts, 80.3% had at least one marker of HBV infection compared to 33.3% of anti-HCV-negative cases (p less than 0.001). No such correlation was found between the prevalence of HCV or HBV infection markers and the presence of anti-HAV. Antibodies against HDV were detected in 16 (16%) of the samples from drug addicts. No significant association was found between antibodies to HCV and gender, age and duration of drug abuse. The risk of HBV infection increased significantly with years of drug abuse but was not associated with age and sex. The presence of anti-HAV was related to age only. Sixteen (16%) of the subjects were definitely positive for anti-HIV-1, but at the time of the study they were asymptomatic. No significant association was found between the presence of anti-HIV and the prevalence of serological markers of HBV, HCV, HAV and HDV infection.
 ...
PMID:Prevalence of markers of hepatotropic viruses among drug addicts in Warsaw, Poland. 132 68


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>