Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The presence of pre-S1 proteins in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples from 115 patients with different forms of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection was investigated by Western blot. Among 67 chronic HBsAg carriers, HBV antigens were detected in the PBMC in 80% for HBsAg, 27% for HBc/e Ag and 34% for pre-S1 proteins. The detection of pre-S1 proteins in PBMC was significantly associated with the presence of serum markers of HBV replication (HBV DNA and/or DNA polymerase). In the group of 48 consecutive patients negative for serum HBsAg, but positive for anti-HBc with or without anti-HBs, HBsAg and pre-S1 proteins could be detected in PBMC. This finding was more frequent among anti-HIV-positive patients (77 and 23% of the cases, respectively) than in the negative ones (23 and 4% of the cases, respectively). The detection of HBV DNA and polyadenylated RNA in some of the PBMC samples positive for HBV proteins suggests that these proteins may be expressed in PBMC, especially during intense HBV replication. In patients negative for serum HBsAg, PBMC may constitute a reservoir of HBV.
 ...
PMID:Detection of pre-S1 proteins in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with HBV infection. 171 Oct 65

The interferons (IFN) are one of the body's natural defensive responses to such foreign components as microbes, tumors, and antigens. The IFN response begins with the production of the IFN proteins (alpha, beta, and gamma), which then induce the antiviral, antimicrobial, antitumor, and immunomodulatory actions of IFN. Recent advances have led to Food and Drug Administration approval of five clinical indications for IFN. Interferon alfa is approved for hairy-cell leukemia, condyloma acuminatum, Kaposi's sarcoma in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, and non-A, non-B (type C) viral hepatitis. Interferon gamma has properties distinctive from those of IFNs alpha and beta and is approved as an immunomodulatory treatment for chronic granulomatous disease. Promising clinical results with IFNs have also been reported for basal cell carcinoma, chronic myelogenous leukemia, cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, early human immunodeficiency virus infection, hepatitis B, and laryngeal papillomatosis. Future clinical uses of IFNs may emphasize combination therapy with other cytokines, chemotherapy, radiation, surgery, hyperthermia, or hormones.
 ...
PMID:The interferons. Mechanisms of action and clinical applications. 137 Mar 33

The role of individual amino acids in binding human and macaque antibodies were determined in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gp41, residues 594-613, and for human antibodies in the hepatitis B (HB) virus core/e antigens (HBc/eAg), residues 121-140. Decapeptides with 9 amino acids (aa) overlap were synthesised using a rapid method for simultaneous multiple peptide synthesis with 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc) protection for the alpha-amino group of the aas. One coupling cycle including washing steps was performed within 60-90 min. The crude products were analysed by reversed-phase HPLC and PD-mass spectrometry. With the 11 decapeptides covering residues 594-613 of HIV-1 gp41, the sequences SGKLI at aa 599-603 was found to be the main recognition site for 19 human anti-HIV positive sera. Two macaques repeatedly immunized with a peptide covering aa 594-613 of gp41, preferentially recognised the sequence CTTAVPW at residues 604-610 after 1-2 months of immunisation. One macaque also recognised the sequence CSGKLI, with sera sampled greater than 10 months after start of immunisation. Out of 9 human sera from patients with chronic HB, and reactive to a peptide covering residues 121-140 of HBc/eAg, 8 were found to recognise the sequence TPPA at residues 128-131, with an individual variation within residues 125-133 in regard to N- and C-terminal ends of the recognised antigenic site. Thus, human recognition of this antigenic site overlaps the reported T- and the B-cell recognition site found in mice. We believe that this simple and rapid approach to obtain large numbers of immunologically active peptides can be useful for most laboratories interested in the immunological characterisation of proteins.
 ...
PMID:Rapid "tea-bag" peptide synthesis using 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc) protected amino acids applied for antigenic mapping of viral proteins. 172 Apr 19

Methods for the localization and prediction of protein antigenic determinants are described, and the diagnostic potential of synthetic peptide antigens in cases of HIV, hepatitis B, and influenza is demonstrated. Attention is concentrated on the principles governing the creation and application of artificial diagnostic preparations.
 ...
PMID:Prospects for the use of synthetic antigens in immunodiagnosis. 172 15

Seroprevalence of Hepatitis C virus (HCV), Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and HIV antibodies was studied in a group of 259 apparently healthy homosexual men of the Veneto Region (Italy). Subjects were recruited between 1987 and 1989 from homosexual men's clubs. Seropositivity was evaluated in relation to main risk factors associated with the lifestyle and sexual behaviours of this population. Serological evaluation revealed an overall prevalence of HCV infection of 18.9% in the study population as a whole, but on breaking the samples down into three subgroups according to optical density (O.D.) values and to the year of sera collection, different seroprevalences were observed. Prevalence of anti-HCV was higher in 1987 and steadily decreased in 1988 and 1989; 4.1% of subjects gave positive results at O.D. greater than 2.0, while 6.2% were positive at O.D. between 0.8 and 2.0 and 9.6% at O.D. between cut-off and 0.8. Anti-HCV positivity was not correlated with HIV nor HBV positivity. No correlation was found between HCV seropositivity and either the type of anogenital intercourse or sexual promiscuity, but the prevalence increased (p = n.s.), as observed for HIV (p less than 0.05) and HBV (p = n.s.), with the number of intercourses per month. Epidemiological and preventive aspects arising from the investigation are discussed herein.
 ...
PMID:Hepatitis C virus infection in homosexual men: a seroepidemiological study in gay clubs in north-east Italy. 172 94

The sexually transmitted disease surveillance system instituted at the Child Abuse and Neglect (CAN) clinic of the Transvaal Memorial Institute for Child Health and Development was evaluated after 1 year. The presenting complaint of the vast majority of the 227 patients was sexual abuse. In more than half (52%), child abuse was medically proven, and it was highly suspected in another 18%. In only 6% did no abuse take place. About half the patients suffered non-penetrative sexual abuse, 40% penetrative abuse and 10% suffered non-sexual abuse. Smears for gonorrhoea were positive in 2 out of 152 patients; for Chlamydia in 1 out of 140; for Gardnerella and Trichomonas in 2 and 1 case, respectively. Syphilis serology yielded 3 positive results out of 162, and hepatitis B, 6 out of 143. No positive results were found in tests for HIV and herpes. With the exception of hepatitis B tests, all positive results occurred in children considered on clinical grounds to have medically proven or highly suspected sexual abuse. These results will allow modification of the surveillance system and testing of those children more likely to test positive, while doing fewer tests overall.
 ...
PMID:Sexually transmitted disease surveillance in a child abuse clinic. 173 30

The purpose of this article is to propose specific management guidelines for the immediate emergency department and subsequent occupational health treatment of health care workers (HCWs) following accidental exposures to blood or body fluids. These guidelines are based on a collective review of the literature and the recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) and authorities expert in this knowledge domain. Guidelines are needed to assure appropriate treatment and coordinated efforts by ED and occupational health providers. Although numerous infections can potentially be transmitted by exposure to blood and body fluids, these guidelines are intended only for evaluation and postexposure prophylaxis of hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and infection with HIV.
 ...
PMID:Management guidelines for health care workers exposed to blood and body fluids. 174 39

Prospective biochemical, virological and selected immunological follow up has been done for up to 32 months on 15 previously untreated haemophilic boys following treatment with an intermediate purity dry heated factor VIII concentrate (BPL 8Y). Tests for liver function and antibodies to blood-borne viruses have been assessed monthly for the first year after starting treatment and thereafter every 2 months. All patients were immunized against hepatitis B and have not developed hepatitis B core antibodies and no boy has shown any rise in alanine transaminase level nor has anyone developed antibodies to hepatitis C (HCV). All patients have remained anti-HIV seronegative. T lymphocyte subsets have been measured approximately every 4 months and in no patient has there been a significant rise in CD8+ cells; one patient showed a significant decrease in CD4+ cells but these and all CD4+ values for the other boys remained within normal age related limits. Changes in CD4+ levels in this one boy were not related to the total amount of treatment received. This group of patients who appear not to have contracted HIV, hepatitis B or non A non B hepatitis following treatment with this intermediate purity factor VIII concentrate have also not shown any consistent changes in CD4+ or CD8+ cells, which have been recorded previously in frequently treated haemophiliacs.
 ...
PMID:Consistently normal CD4+, CD8+ levels in haemophilic boys only treated with a virally safe factor VIII concentrate (BPL 8Y) 139 Feb 58

The aim of screening for infectious diseases in pregnancy is to identify subjects who are at risk of a specific infection, which lends itself to effective intervention. The value of routine screening is determined by the validity of the test and the prevalence of the disorder in the population. During pregnancy, serological screening for rubella, syphilis, toxoplasmosis, HIV, hepatitis B and bacteriological screening for asymptomatic bacteriuria and gonorrhea is recommended. The search for additional infections is reserved for patients presenting special risk factors or clinical symptoms.
 ...
PMID:[Infection screening in pregnancy]. 176 Dec 41

One hundred hemophilia A and 30 hemophilia B patients who had been treated with non-heated and heated factor VIII or prothrombin complex concentrates were examined by immunological tests including Clq-bearing immune complexes assay. Antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human parvovirus B19 (B19) were analyzed by Western blotting, enzyme immunoassay, passive hemagglutination or radio-immunoassay. Clq-bearing immune complexes were assayed by a monoclonal anti-Clq ELISA system (Immunomedics). Seropositivity to HIV-1, HBV, HCV, and B19 was 56.9%, 87.7%, 79.2% and 100% respectively. Clq-bearing immune complexes were positive in 109 of the 130 patients (83.8%). The positivity and the levels were extremely higher than those in normal individuals. Clq-bearing immune complex levels in patient positive for HIV-1, HCV, or HBV were higher than those in the negative group (HIV: P less than 0.001, HCV: P less than 0.005, HBV: P less than 0.05). When the patients were divided into four groups according to seropositivity to HIV-1 and/or HCV, Clq-bearing immune complex levels were the highest in the group positive for both antibodies, and the lowest in the group negative for both antibodies. These results suggested that each viral infection influences the formation of immune complexes and repeated viral infection increased the level of Clq-bearing immune complexes in these patients.
 ...
PMID:[Elevated Clq-bearing immune complexes in hemophiliacs with viral infections]. 177 53


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10