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Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A case is described of an HIV+ man who was successfully treated for Hodgkin's lymphoma, but who later developed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma 3 years later when his immune system became suppressed. The patient was 22 years old when he presented with fever, asthenia, weight loss, and cervical lymphadenopathy. With Hodgkin's lymphoma he also had positive serology for HIV and hepatitis B. He was treated with alternate courses of MOPP and ABVD chemotherapy. In 1990 he again appeared with high fever, progressive cervical, axillary and inguinal lymphadenopathy, with hilar and mediastinal lymph node enlargement on x-ray. CD4 lymphocytes were 577/cubic mm, and the CD4/CD8 ratio was 0.57 (normal 1.8). His cervical lymph node biopsy was classified as non-B non-T large-cell anaplastic lymphoma which was EBV-positive. A Western Blot was positive for small amounts of p24 and p18 antigens. The man was treated with MACOP-B chemotherapy, with some results, but died of sepsis 6 weeks later. The relationships between Hodgkins and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, the timing of the neoplasm in the course of HIV infection, and the possible re-activation of hepatitis virus were discussed.
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PMID:Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma after prolonged remission of Hodgkin's disease in an HIV-infected patient. 166 42

HCV infection has emerged as a significant problem for both dialysis patients and medical staff. We report the data found in a dialysis center in Bucharest for hepatitis B, C and HIV infections. Single random samples collected from 133 dialysis patients give a seroprevalence of 91.7% for HCV antibodies in contrast with the absence of seropositives between medical staff members. To assess the relative risk for HCV transmission by sexual or casual contacts we investigated also 15 samples from the relatives of patients. One spouse and the child were found positive. The differences in the epidemiology of B and C hepatitis are discussed.
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PMID:HCV seroprevalence in dialysis patients, their relatives and medical staff. 166 84

Results are presented from unlinked anonymous HIV-1 testing of specimens collected during 1990 from 8996 genito-urinary medicine clinic attenders, 1421 injecting drug users, and 69,091 pregnant women. One-fifth of homo/bisexual men attending London genito-urinary medicine clinics were infected with HIV-1. The figure was 4% outside London. The prevalence of HIV-1 infection among male heterosexual attenders at genito-urinary medicine clinics who were not known to have injected drugs, was 1% in London and 0.2% outside London. Women attending genito-urinary medicine clinics in London, who were not known to have injected drugs had a prevalence of HIV-1 infection of 0.2% (1 in 440). None of 2045 women attending genito-urinary medicine clinics outside the Thames regions was found to be infected with HIV-1 although one woman was infected with HIV-2. The prevalence rate for HIV-1 infection in injecting drug users was 1.1%. Of those who began injecting between 1986 and 1990, however, 22% had evidence of hepatitis B infection. The prevalence of HIV-1 infection among pregnant women receiving antenatal care was 0.19% (1 in 515) in inner London, 0.07% (1 in 1440) in the rest of the Thames regions and 1 in 16,000 in another region of the country. Two pregnant women, one in inner London and one elsewhere in the Thames regions, were infected with HIV-2. The data suggest that, so far, the epidemic has concentrated among homo/bisexual males, injecting drug users and persons attending genito-urinary medicine clinics, especially in the London area. There are indications that the prevalence of HIV-1 infection is increasing among heterosexuals in inner London.
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PMID:The unlinked anonymous HIV prevalence monitoring programme in England and Wales: preliminary results. 166 80

In vitro studies have demonstrated that an intact latex condom provides an effective barrier against several sexually transmitted pathogens, including herpes simplex virus type 2, hepatitis B virus, cytomegalovirus, HIV, Neisseria gonorrhea, Chlamydia trachomatis, and mycoplasma. This paper discusses some of the major advances and critical issues which should be incorporated in condom program design and implementation. The authors drew extensively from their experience with Family Health International's AIDSTECH Project with 21 targeted HIV prevention programs in 14 African countries. The programs are designed primarily to reach high-risk behavior groups among whom the virus is most prevalent. The authors observe from their work that a number of social, economic, political, and cultural obstacles impede greater condom use in Africa; private sector initiatives which recruit members of target populations to be key personnel in project implementation show promise for reaching high-risk behavior groups; condom logistics systems remain a weak link in condom distribution programs; rising costs and inadequate sources of latex condoms are problematic; and alternatives to the male latex condom could be commercially available by 1992. Sections discuss barriers to condom use, new approaches in condom distribution, condom quality assurance, condom costs and economics, and technological advances in condoms.
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PMID:Condom issues in AIDS prevention in Africa. 166 18

To determine whether the abnormalities of cell-mediated immunity described in chronic D hepatitis are associated with hepatitis D virus (HDV) infection or concomitant human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, serologic and tissue hepatitis B virus (HBV) and HDV markers and T lymphocyte subsets were studied in serum samples from 38 patients with chronic D hepatitis, 26 of whom had HIV infection. Patients with chronic D hepatitis and HIV infection had significantly lower peripheral blood T4:T8 ratios resulting from a significant increase in T8+ (suppressor/cytotoxic) cells, while numbers of T lymphocyte subsets were normal in cases with chronic D hepatitis only. HIV+ patients showed an increase in HBV replication (identified by hepatitis B core antigen in liver and hepatitis B e antigen and HBV DNA in serum) and in HDV replication (tissue D antigen and HDV RNA) without evidence of more active liver disease. Probably the immunologic disturbances detected in chronic D hepatitis are secondary to HIV infection, do not contribute to the pathogenesis of liver injury, and are associated with increased viral B and D replication.
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PMID:Influence of human immunodeficiency virus infection on cell-mediated immunity in chronic D hepatitis. 167 49

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may be responsible for several types of vasculitis: leucocytoclastic vasculitis, granulomatous angiitis, angiitis associated with lymphoproliferative syndromes or necrotizing vasculitis including periarteritis nodosa (PAN). We report a case of PAN in a 62-year old HIV1-positive woman. The patient had no co-occurrent hepatitis B virus infection and was negative for antinuclear antibodies. She presented with sicca syndrome, necrotic purpura, myalgias and polyneuropathy. Skin, muscle and nerve biopsies showed signs of necrotizing vasculitis. Multiple microaneurysms typical of PAN were present on branches of the abdominal aorta. The symptoms due to vasculitis regressed after treatment with corticosteroids in bolus injections and plasmapheresis. AZT was not given owing to intolerance. The literature on vasculitis associated with HIV infection is reviewed.
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PMID:[Periarteritis nodosa-type vasculitis and infection with human immunodeficiency virus]. 167 17

We have investigated hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in systemic necrotizing vasculitis (SNV). Our approach included the detection of the viral surface antigen (HBsAg) with a radioimmunoassay employing monoclonal anti-HBs (m-RIA); in addition, HBV DNA was looked for in serum and peripheral mononuclear blood cells. Among 28 subjects with SNV, 12 were found to be positive for HBsAg with the conventional test (p-RIA) and 7 additional subjects had anti-HBc and/or anti-HBs. From the 16 HBsAg negative individuals, 9 had HBsAg epitopes identified in serum with the m-RIA test and 1 had a low amount of circulating viral DNA. In contrast, only 1 among 6 subjects with other systemic vasculitis showed a positive test for m-RIA and HBV DNA assays; this individual had acquired HIV infection through transfusions which were also probably the source of his HBV infection. HBV DNA sequences were identified in peripheral mononuclear blood cells of 9 from the 37 tested, including 2 individuals who were HBsAg positive only with m-RIA. Therefore, our study indicates a much higher rate of HBV infection in patients with polyarteritis nodosa than previously suspected.
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PMID:Latent hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in systemic necrotizing vasculitis. 167 38

Response to interferon therapy in chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) carrier is preceded by the appearance of IgM class anti-HBc (antibody to hepatitis B core antigen). The temporal relationship and magnitude of the IgM anti-HBc response is variable, suggesting that the antibody is not directly involved in hepatocyte lysis, but is merely a marker of a changed state of immunity to the nucleocapsid proteins induced by interferon. IgG 1, 2, 3 and 4 did not change during therapy. IgG anti-HBc of all subclasses was absent in two Chinese HBV carriers. Lower than normal titres of anti-HBc (P less than 0.001) were detected in human immunodeficiency virus antibody positive (anti-HIV) carriers. These data indicate the presence of altered immunity to the nucleocapsid antigens in these two types of chronic HBV carrier that are known to respond poorly to antiviral therapy.
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PMID:[Subclasses of antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen in chronic HBV infections: changes during treatment with interferons and predictors of response]. 169 93

Thirty patients with AIDS-related complex/Walter-Reed 5 enrolled in a placebo-controlled double-blind study with high-dose intravenous gammaglobulin administration were tested by quantitating HIV Western blot and other serological tests for viral antibodies. Furthermore, conventional virus isolation attempts were performed. Absence or loss of p24 antibodies during the study period was associated with progression to AIDS (p = 0.01) and thereby was an earlier prognostic parameter of a poor prognosis than T4 cell count. Neither changes in antibody patterns against other HIV polypeptides, HIV titers in the immunofluorescence test nor demonstration of HIV antigen were significantly associated with progression to AIDS. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) could be isolated from two duodenal biopsies of a patient who developed AIDS at the same time, but a concomitant serological diagnosis of CMV infection was not successful. Though signs in the serology of human herpesviruses (herpes simplex virus, CMV, Epstein-Barr virus), possibly indicating a reactivation of latent infections, could be observed in some instances, a correlation with clinical symptoms or the clinical outcome was not feasible, perhaps also because of a poor standardization of some of the test kits used. All patients were positive for IgG antibodies against the three herpesviruses when entering the study. High prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) markers was found (83% anti-HBc positive), only 1 patient being chronically infected and highly infectious, as shown by HBV-DNA hybridization. No significant difference between treatment and placebo group was observed with the parameters tested in this study.
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PMID:Virological examinations of patients with AIDS-related complex/Walter-Reed 5 enrolled in a double-blind placebo-controlled study with intravenous gammaglobulin administration. Prognostic value of anti-p24 determination. The ARC-IVIG Study Group. 170 May 51

4000 sera were tested for antibodies against hepatitis C virus (HCV) by means of an ELISA using the C100-3 antigen. 38.9% of patients with non-A, non-B hepatitis following blood transfusion (n = 108) had HCV antibodies. Among patients with chronic liver damage of unknown origin (n = 316) 30.4% were anti-HCV positive, and in 2,506 patients with transitional or chronic elevation of transaminases 14.8% showed HCV antibodies. Haemophiliacs (n = 26) with 65.4% anti-HCV positives and drug addicts (n = 46) with 56.5% anti-HCV positives had the highest prevalence among high risk groups. Addicts dying from drug abuse (n = 216) and HIV 1 positives (n = 127) were anti-HCV positive in 37.5% and 26.0%, respectively. Patients on haemodialysis (n = 331) had antibodies against HCV in 12.4%. Health care workers (n = 217) appear to be at a comparably low risk with only 2.8% anti-HCV positives. Up to now we could not find a single case of intrafamilial spread of HCV in 46 examined cases. We suggest that HCV infectivity of contaminated body fluids and blood is lower than that of hepatitis B virus or human immunodeficiency virus type 1 carriers. In suspected non-A, non-B hepatitis negative test results should be confirmed in a second sample because it may take three to six months after infection before HCV antibodies occur. However, about 10% of chronic HCV infections are not detectable with the presently available test. This may change when new tests become available using HCV specific antigens other than C100-3.
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PMID:Hepatitis C virus antibodies among different groups at risk and patients with suspected non-A, non-B hepatitis. 171 Oct 18


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