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Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The association of malignancies, such as non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and Kaposi's sarcoma, with human immunodeficiency virus infection has been recognized since the beginning of the epidemic. However, an increasing number of tumors not diagnostic of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome has been described in this setting. Taking into consideration that survival of patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection is increasing because of improvement of supportive care and better control of human immunodeficiency virus and related opportunistic infections, oncogenic viruses such as human papillomavirus, hepatitis B virus, Epstein-Barr virus, in a setting of prolonged immunosuppression could increase the risk of a variety of malignant tumors.
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PMID:Human immunodeficiency virus as a risk factor in miscellaneous cancers. 145 6

We have conducted a postal survey of members of the Association of Anaesthetists to ascertain perceived risks and preventive measures adopted with regard to the occupational hazard of Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Hepatitis B Virus infection. Despite recognition of the infection risk and the adoption of appropriate measures when managing known infected patients, the majority of anaesthetists have not implemented simple precautions in their daily routine work. Less than 16% of respondents routinely wear gloves and more than one in three still resheath needles. It would appear that the recommendations of the Association with regard to universal safety precautions have not been implemented by the majority of its members.
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PMID:The occupational hazard of human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis B virus infection. I. Perceived risks and preventive measures adopted by anaesthetists: a postal survey. 146 29

The effect of grade, age, sex and region of employment on the attitude of anaesthetists to the possible risk of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection and the measures adopted to minimise the risk were assessed. As a group, anaesthetists in training were more concerned than consultants about the risk of HIV or HBV infection and, as a consequence, were more likely to adopt protective measures. A similar variation was seen with age, younger anaesthetists being more concerned about the risk of infection and adopting preventive measures in greater numbers than their older colleagues. The sex of the anaesthetist had minimal effect on their attitude. Despite the marked variation in the incidence of both HIV and HBV, the attitude of anaesthetists to the risk of infection and the numbers adopting simple preventive measures did not vary significantly on a regional basis throughout the country. However, there was a significant inter-regional variation in the availability and uptake of HBV immunisation (p < 0.01) and knowledge of the existence of local policy guidelines for the management of known HIV or HBV positive patients (p < 0.01).
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PMID:The occupational hazard of human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis B virus infection. II. Effect of grade, age, sex and region of employment on perceived risks and preventive measures adopted by anaesthetists. 146 30

Recent reports of transmission by intravenous gamma-globulin preparations of A, B, C and non-A non-B hepatitis (NANBH), including several cases that progressed to severe liver damage and death, have raised concerns about the safety of intravenous gamma-globulins. To assess this issue 15 patients treated with high-dose "intravenous immunoglobulin" (IVIG) for Graves' Ophthalmopathy had serial determination of glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (GOT), gamma glutamyltranspeptidase (gamma-GT), alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin that were performed regularly at interval of 3 weeks during IVIG treatment and 6 months after the end of the treatment. Hepatitis A, B, C and HIV markers were determined before, during and 6 months after the end of the treatment. The standard dosage was 400 mg per Kg body weight IVIG (3 cycles of 5 days and 12 of 1 day, every 21 days). Transient minor elevations were observed for GPT, for GOT, for gamma-GT and alkaline phosphatase. None of the elevations were considered indicative of NANBH or of any chronic hepatic disease. Transient presence of hepatitis A, B and C antibodies were observed in 6 patients. All patients remained negative for hepatitis B antigens throughout the study. HIV antibodies resulted always negative in all patients. In conclusion this study suggests the hepatitis and HIV safety of IVIG.
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PMID:[Liver function tests, hepatitis A, B, C markers and HIV antibodies in patients with Basedow's ophthalmopathy treated with intravenous immunoglobulins]. 146

Mycotic false aneurysms due to local arterial injury from attempted intravenous injections in drug addicts are increasing in frequency. The high incidence of HIV and hepatitis B virus in parenteral drug users may present a considerable risk to the treating personnel. This paper reports the unsuspected presence of broken needle-tips in the subcutaneous tissues of an intravenous drug abuser, in association with bilateral mycotic aneurysms of the axillary arteries. Broken needle-tips have the potential to cause needlestick injury to the operating team and the nursing staff, with the associated risk of transmission of HIV and hepatitis B virus infection. The presence of broken needle-tips should be suspected in drug users presenting with false aneurysms associated with local arterial injection injury and a specific history of needle-breakage should be sought. Preoperative plain radiographs should be performed of the planned operative field to exclude the presence of such needle-tips. Any soft tissue swelling in the vicinity of a major artery in an intravenous drug abuser should be suspected of being a false aneurysm until proven otherwise and should prompt immediate referral to a vascular surgeon for investigation and management.
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PMID:Bilateral mycotic axillary artery false aneurysms in an intravenous drug user: unsuspected broken needle-tips pose a risk to the treating personnel. 149 49

1. Ophthalmic manifestations of AIDS involve both anterior and posterior segments and can result in total loss of vision. Understanding of these ocular manifestations has become more important as this disease continues to proliferate. 2. Although the risk of infection by HIV in the ophthalmic setting is remote, ophthalmic health-care workers may come in contact with potentially infectious fluids in the course of normal ocular examination procedures. Infection control procedures are therefore recommended. 3. If health-care workers experience a possible exposure, they should consult a physician specializing in infectious diseases or internal medicine within 1 hour. Individuals should be evaluated for hepatitis B and tetanus, and considered for zidovudine chemoprophylaxis, in addition to being tested for HIV exposure.
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PMID:Ophthalmic manifestations of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. 150 Dec 59

Prevention against the transmission of the HIV must be universal today, which means that it applies to all patients. Blood, tissues, the CSF are infected, but nasal secreta, tears and saliva are not contaminated unless they contain blood. The statistical risk of an HIV serological conversion when making an injection is an estimate of 0.1 to 0.3%, one hundred times less than with the hepatitis B virus. The best protection for maxillofacial surgeons, who are very exposed by the manipulation of objects (needle, wires) and by considerable projections of blood (rotary motor) is not a systematic HIV serological test for all patients, but goggles with side screens, a double pair of gloves and the use of an antiseptic acting on the HIV in case of staining.
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PMID:[The maxillofacial surgeon faced with the HIV-positive patient: risks and prevention]. 150 50

The HIV epidemic in women in Edinburgh has characteristics which enable a total population study. We studied retrospectively all women with a known history of injection drug use or with a seropositive drug-using partner in a five year period from 1985-1990. We sought to quantitate lifestyle and environmental factors associated with HIV infection in pregnant women and to test two hypotheses: that infected women would have more adverse socio-economic features, and that there would be a change in these factors with time. There were 244 pregnant women in the study. They were slightly younger than all Edinburgh City women and much less likely to be married. They were much more likely to live in areas of multiple housing deprivation. Only 16% of women, and 28% of partners, were in paid employment; 90% of women smoked and 76% had a history of injection drug use. Some 28% of previous children were in the care of another, often a relative, 8% of women had a recent prison admission, and 58% of those tested had antibodies to Hepatitis B. Univariate analysis showed that none of these factors was significantly different in HIV seropositive women except for prison admission, previous infection with Hepatitis B, which probably all related to type of drug use. Linear logistic regression suggested two other variables which distinguished between groups, but because these are composite, and dependent on incomplete data, this must be interpreted with caution. The same overall associations were found when only women with a history of injection drug use were considered. There was no statistically significant change in these factors with time.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Socio-economic factors associated with HIV infection in pregnant women. 151 89

The molecular characteristics of peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) infection by hepatitis B virus (HBV) were studied in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infected subjects using highly sensitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based techniques. DNA and RNA samples were purified from PBLs of HIV-1 infected individuals, regardless of their HBV serological status and assayed using PCR and reverse-transcription (RT) PCR, respectively. The data shown here are an extension of previous reports documenting HBV and HIV-1 co-infection of PBLs and indicate that transcriptionally active HBV infection of PBLs is detectable in a significant proportion of asymptomatic HIV-1 infected patients.
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PMID:Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and hepatitis B virus transcription in peripheral blood lymphocytes from co-infected subjects. 152 92

A 39 years old homosexual male suffering from chronic type B hepatitis superinfected by HDV, and positive for anti-HIV1 was treated with zidovudine associated with high doses of recombinant interferon alpha for onset of an extensive cutaneous Kaposi sarcoma. Other than the long-lasting disappearance of Kaposi's lesions, this therapy was followed by complete recovery from hepatitis B and D. Serological and hepatic clearance of both viruses was marked by two successive cytolytic peaks separated by a 9 month interval. The patient's immunologic status has remained stable at 30 months. To our knowledge, such a success had never been reported in the literature and the clearance of both hepatitis B and D viruses in an AIDS patient stands in sharp contrast with the usual rapidly progressive evolution of those triple coinfections. This phenomenon illustrates the potential benefits of zidovudine in association with high dose of interferon alpha in HIV patients suffering from hepatitis D.
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PMID:[Recovery of chronic hepatitis B- delta infection by zidovudine and recombinant interferon alpha combination therapy in a patient with Kaposi's sarcoma associated with HIV infection]. 152 1


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