Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

IgG and IgM anti-cardiolipin antibodies were measured, by an ELISA technique, in the sera of patients with B hepatitis (28), infectious mononucleosis (10), chicken pox (12), HIV infection (20), acquired toxoplasmosis (41) and other infectious diseases [HBsAg+ chronic hepatitis (5), brucellosis (6), herpes zoster (4), boutonneuse fever (3), viral pneumonitis (4), rheumatic fever (2)]. Increased levels of anti-cardiolipin antibodies (aCL), at least in one immunoglobulin class, were detected in 37 out of 135 patients [27.4%; range: 7.3% (in the patients with toxoplasmosis) -80% (in the patients with HIV infection)]. Low or medium titer aCL were present in 28 patients, high titer in 9 (6 with HIV infection, 2 with chicken pox and I with lymphoadenopathic toxoplasmosis). None of the manifestations associated with aCL was present in the aCL-positive patients. Finally, positivity for aCL didn't seem to modify the clinical picture and the prognosis of the infectious disease.
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PMID:[Presence and significance of anticardiolipin antibodies in infectious diseases]. 149 84

There is increasing evidence of a role for viruses in the pathogenesis and etiology of rheumatic diseases. Although definitive evidence of any involvement in diseases such as rheumatic arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus is currently lacking, there is increasing evidence that viruses may be involved in the pathogenesis of related diseases. In particular, the recent world-wide epidemic of human immunodeficiency virus infection has been associated with the identification of a wide variety of rheumatic manifestations, most notably oligoarthropathies, psoriatic arthropathies, and Reiter's-like syndromes. The spectrum of rheumatic diseases associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection appears to be expanding at a considerable rate. Other viruses have also been shown to be associated with rheumatic disorders, most notably hepatitis viruses, human T lymphotropic virus type I, and parvoviruses. In the latter case, acute arthropathies and those resembling rheumatoid arthritis and Lyme arthritis have recently been identified. This review presents some of the evidence in the recently published literature on the role of different viruses and their implications in the pathogenesis of various rheumatic diseases.
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PMID:Viral infections, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, and rheumatic diseases. 150 77

A 39 years old homosexual male suffering from chronic type B hepatitis superinfected by HDV, and positive for anti-HIV1 was treated with zidovudine associated with high doses of recombinant interferon alpha for onset of an extensive cutaneous Kaposi sarcoma. Other than the long-lasting disappearance of Kaposi's lesions, this therapy was followed by complete recovery from hepatitis B and D. Serological and hepatic clearance of both viruses was marked by two successive cytolytic peaks separated by a 9 month interval. The patient's immunologic status has remained stable at 30 months. To our knowledge, such a success had never been reported in the literature and the clearance of both hepatitis B and D viruses in an AIDS patient stands in sharp contrast with the usual rapidly progressive evolution of those triple coinfections. This phenomenon illustrates the potential benefits of zidovudine in association with high dose of interferon alpha in HIV patients suffering from hepatitis D.
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PMID:[Recovery of chronic hepatitis B- delta infection by zidovudine and recombinant interferon alpha combination therapy in a patient with Kaposi's sarcoma associated with HIV infection]. 152 1

The hepatitis D virus (HDV) infection plays a major role in severe liver damage caused by hepatitis. To establish the prevalence of HDV infection in haemophilic patients and patients without haemophilia, 87 patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection were examined for serological evidence of delta hepatitis. In addition HBV, HDV and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) infection markers were compared to clinical and histopathological outcome of hepatitis. Out of 46 haemophiliacs 30 (65%) were anti-HD-seropositive; 10 out of 30 anti-HD-positive patients (33%) had pathological liver function tests compared to 2 out of 16 anti-HD-negative haemophiliacs (13%). The rate of HIV infection did not differ between the HDV infected and the non-HDV infected individuals with haemophilia (17/27 anti-HD-positive patients versus 12/16 anti-HD-negative patients). Two haemophilic anti-HD-positive patients underwent liver biopsy, in both cases hepatitis D antigen (HDAg) was detected in the biopsies. Only 2 out of 41 patients without haemophilia were anti-HD-positive. Both had pathological liver function tests; chronic active hepatitis and cirrhosis, respectively, were diagnosed and HDAg was found in the liver biopsies. Out of 39 anti-HD-seronegative patients without haemophilia, 26 (67%) were hepatitis B e antigen positive; in the sera of 20 patients (51%) HBV-DNA was demonstrated, but only 6 patients (15%) had pathological liver function tests. In conclusion a high seroprevalence of HDV infection was found in haemophilic patients treated with non-pasteurized commercial clotting factor concentrates. An endemic spreading of HDV infection in patients without haemophilia with chronic HBV infection could not be detected.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Correlation of hepatitis B virus, hepatitis D virus and human immunodeficiency virus type I infection markers in hepatitis B surface antigen positive haemophiliacs and patients without haemophilia with clinical and histopathological outcome of hepatitis. 153 69

When bone is transplanted from one person to another, a risk of simultaneous transfer of infectious material is present. Transfer of bacteria is commonest but transmission of Hepatitis virus and HIV have been described. In order to reduce this risk as much as possible, medical and social screening of the donors are recommended together with hepatitis B antigen test (HBsAg), hepatitis C antibody test (anti-HCV) and HIV antibody test. In addition, living donors are preferable on account of the better possibilities for screening. The risk of transfer of HIV is limited at present, if male donors are aged over 60 years and female donors are over 40 years. Removal of the tissue should always be undertaken under sterile conditions. Aerobic and anaerobic culture of multiple bone biopsies from the transplant on removal of the tissue are recommended. Neither freezing nor freeze-drying result in decontamination of the bone. Chemical methods and also irradiation are considered inadequate or injurious to the quality of the bone.
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PMID:[Removal and storage of human bone for transplantation. Directives for infection control]. 153 64

More than 300 nursing assistants took part in the 2nd National Congress of Nursing Assistants that featured the topics of drug addiction,hepatitis, and AIDS. The conclusions affirmed the lack of precise information about the risk that health personnel are exposed to during contact with hepatitis or AIDS patients. This hinders the establishment of maximum preventive safety. The fear of AIDS extends to the families of these workers who contemplate abandoning their profession. Until 1989 there had been 1 known case of a health worker becoming infected with AIDS from contact with a patient, but it could not be confirmed if this was the only case because of lack of studies. On the other hand, the reticence of these workers also has to be penetrated for appropriate analysis. The infected patients receive maximum care in view of the fact there is no vaccine or effective treatment available for AIDS. However, the suspicion of a patient being infected with HIV has to be conveyed immediately to assistant nurses who are in contact with the patient. The confidentiality of the infection has to be preserved, by all professionals have to know that this is a high risk case, and it has to appear in the clinical history chart. Substances used by drug addicts have to classified accurately with their consequences and the preventive measures that society has to establish for checking the spread of drug addiction.
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PMID:[The general conclusions of the II Congress of Nursing Assistants. Nursing assistants demand more information on AIDS and hepatitis]. 155 70

Three studies of intravenous heroin abusers, in electoral wards in the north and south of central Dublin and in Dun Laoghaire, were undertaken in 1982-84. One hundred and one out of the 203 intravenous injectors in these three studies are known to have been tested in Dublin for infection by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and 87 of the 101, or 86% are HIV Positive. Ninety two had also been tested for Hepatitis B infection (Hab) and 76 of the 92 were positive for the hepatitis antigen. The majority of those at present known to be HIV Positive in the Republic of Ireland are, or were, intravenous drug users.
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PMID:Follow up of a cohort of intravenous heroin users in north and south central Dublin and in Dun Laoghaire. 156 57

This study reports on four empirical models likely to contribute to understanding the behaviors linked with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among intravenous drug users. The sample comprises 1,637 intravenous drug users recruited between May 1989 and June 1990 in San Juan, Puerto Rico. Adjusting for sociodemographics, four logistic regression models were constructed to assess the association of risk behaviors with HIV seropositivity. In model 1, the variables found to be significantly associated with HIV seropositivity were injecting four times a day, injection as the only route of consuming drugs, and years of injection. In model 2, the only risk behavior significantly associated with HIV seropositivity was injecting drugs in shooting galleries. In model 3, all sex risk variables failed to meet the adjusted level of significance. In model 4, pneumonia, hepatitis, and syphilis were significantly linked with HIV infection. In order to assess the individual effects of the significant variables in each one of the four models, a logistic regression analysis was performed simultaneously controlling for all of the variables. After adjustment for the Bonferroni correction, age group 25-34 years, injection as the only route of using drugs, number of years of injection, and syphilis were the only significant variables remaining.
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PMID:Behavioral risk factors and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence among intravenous drug users in Puerto Rico. 157 Aug 19

The increasing incidence of drug abuse in central Europe leads to a growing number of children with intrauterine drug exposure. During pregnancy various risks affect these children. Postnatally severe symptoms of withdrawal are observed frequently. The psychosocial development is endangered. Between 1986 and 1990 30 drug dependent women attended the obstetric department of the University Hospital Basel during pregnancy. The data of 21 children born to mothers drug dependent at birth were evaluated. 11 children were born in 1990. 12 mothers received Methadon, 10 were polydrug abusers. Positive serology was found for hepatitis in 18, for HIV-infection in 9 women. 6 babies were premature, 8 were small for gestational age. 20 newborns presented withdrawal symptoms which required a mean hospitalization time of 45 days. Tonic and/or clonic seizures were observed in 6 neonates. In 9 other children some symptoms were suspicious of seizures. EEG recordings were pathological in 10 of 12 infants. For the control of withdrawal symptoms 16 children received pharmacological treatment for a mean duration of 61 days. Neurodevelopmental examinations were performed in 14 children at an average age of 22 months. Neurological findings were pathological in 2 children. 3 had mild, 2 had severe mental retardation, 5 presented with behavioural disturbances. Our data are compared with those of the literature. Therapeutic proposals for children of drug dependent mothers are presented. The impact of methadon programs on the exposed children is discussed.
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PMID:[Children of drug-dependent mothers--personal experiences and review of the literature]. 158 58

To evaluate the prevalence of hepatitis-B-virus (HBV)-markers in STD patients and the significance of promiscuous heterosexual activity as a risk factor for the transmission of HBV, a serological screening was performed in 499 patients, in addition to the routine STD diagnostic programme. Two groups of patients were evaluated: group 1 (120 patients) was drawn from the STD clinic of the Public Health Office (PHO), group 2 (379 patients) from a private STD outpatient clinic. Promiscuous activity was reported significantly more often by persons of group 1 than by those attending the private clinic (59.3% vs. 5.1%). The infection rate of gonorrhea, syphilis and Chlamydia trachomatis was high in patients of the PHO (46.7%, 35.3%, 27.5%) whereas most of the STDs were seldom ascertained in patients of the private clinic (1.1%, 0%, 5.6%). Similar to other STDs, the prevalence of HBV markers differed significantly between patients of the PHO and those of the private clinic (33.3% vs. 6.3%; p = .0000). Comparison of HBV and other STDs showed the highest coincidence of HBV markers in patients with serological evidence of syphilis (44.2%), and in one third of patients with Neisseria gonorrhoeae as well as HIV infection. The data obtained in the present study demonstrate that also in Austria, in addition to homosexual preference and drug abuse, promiscuous heterosexual activity must be considered a substantial risk factor for the transmission of HBV.
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PMID:Coincidence of hepatitis B-virus markers and other sexually transmitted diseases in different STD-risk groups. 161 Dec 11


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