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Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The degree of clinical severity in human immunodeficiency virus infected patients, ranging from asymptomatic seropositive subjects to acquired immune deficiency syndrome, as well as in individuals at risk was assessed in relation to: (1) T-cell subset balance and expression of markers of T-cell activation; (2) natural killer activity; and (3) interferon gamma production. A decrease in the CD4/CD8 (helper/suppressor) ratio and an increase in the percentage of CD8+ (suppressor/cytotoxic) cells coexpressing markers of activation (HLA-DR or CD25) were closely correlated with the clinical severity of the human immunodeficiency virus infection. Natural killer activity was significantly impaired in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome and acquired immune deficiency syndrome-related complex but normal in asymptomatic seropositive individuals and subjects at risk. Interferon gamma production, either in response to mitogens or the antigens from infectious agents commonly affecting human immunodeficiency virus-positive individuals, was decreased in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome or acquired immune deficiency syndrome-related complex, with lesser involvement in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive subjects or individuals at risk. Four of the six persons in the last group seroconverted during the ten months subsequent to evaluation of their immune status. Since production of interferon gamma was diminished in these patients while other assays of immunity were normal, measurement of this lymphokine may be a useful determinant of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus.
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PMID:Diminished interferon gamma production may be the earliest indicator of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus. 297 56

Various aspects of monocyte-associated function were evaluated in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of male homosexuals who were infected with the human immunodeficiency disease virus (HIV). The functional assessments included indomethacin-sensitive regulation of blastogenesis and lymphokine-activated killer (LAK)-cell induction, chemiluminescent responses of mononuclear leukocytes to opsonized zymosan, and the expression of HLA-DR antigen on CD-14-positive monocytes. The results obtained demonstrate that each of these functions is abnormal in asymptomatic individuals who have HIV core antigen (p24) in their circulation. These results suggest that monocyte abnormalities which could contribute to immune dysfunction in HIV-infected patients can be detected early during the course of HIV infection and are associated with the expression of serum HIV antigen.
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PMID:Monocyte functional studies in asymptomatic, human immunodeficiency disease virus (HIV)-infected individuals. 314 85

NK activity and cells with NK phenotype (CD16+) were studied in 21 patients with HIV infection. In particular 8 patients with full-blown AIDS, 6 with AIDS related complex (ARC), 7 asymptomatic seropositive for anti-HIV antibodies were evaluated. Six subjects seronegative for anti-HIV antibodies from groups at risk for HIV infection were evaluated as well. NK activity was significantly reduced in AIDS and ARC patients but normal in asymptomatic seropositive subjects and in seronegative subjects at risk. NK cells (CD16+) were normal in AIDS patients, and in asymptomatic seropositive subjects, increased in ARC patients and in the subjects at risk. No statistical correlation was evident between the NK activity and the number of CD16+ cells in individual patients. The percentage of CD16+ cells coexpressing the HLA-DR marker i.e. CD16+ HLADR+ cells was significantly elevated only in ARC patients, and normal in the others. NK activity is the first line of defense against an invading virus and plays an important role in the immune surveillance of neoplasms. Therefore the reduced NK activity in AIDS and ARC patients can be consistent with the development of viral infections and unusual neoplasms frequently observed in such patients. The lack of correlation between defective NK activity and normal or increased number of cells with NK phenotype seems to indicate the existence of a more profound alteration in the function of NK cells rather than a simple numeric variation.
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PMID:[Natural killer (NK) activity in patients with HIV infection]. 322 97

Subset distribution, ecto-5'nucleotidase (5'NT) activity, and the generation of allospecific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) were investigated in peripheral blood T lymphocytes from 39 hemophilia A patients divided into three groups: group A and group B (HIV-patients with CD4:CD8 ratio less than 1 and greater than 1 respectively), and group C (HIV + patients). 5'NT activity was significantly decreased compared with healthy controls in groups B and C. In group B, this deficiency was attributable to expansion of CD8 + CD11 + suppressor cells. In group C, activated (HLA-DR+) CD8+ cells were also present and contributed to 5'NT deficiency. The suppressor cell expansion seemed to be mainly related to AHF infusions, whereas HLA-DR expression was related to HIV infection. CD11+ and HLA-DR+ cells were also expanded in the CD4+ subpopulation of all three groups, whereas CD4+ CD28+ lymphocytes were significantly decreased in group C only. Lastly, alloreactive cytotoxicity was decreased in group B and was normal in groups A and C.
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PMID:Biochemical and immunologic abnormalities in peripheral blood T lymphocytes of patients with hemophilia A. 326 49

Serologic and immunologic studies were performed in 38 African and 60 US patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), 100 African and 100 US heterosexual men and women, and 100 US homosexual men to examine the potential role of infectious agents in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. There were no significant differences in the prevalence of antibodies to cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, hepatitis A and B viruses, herpes simplex virus, syphilis, and toxoplasmosis among the African and US patients with AIDS, African heterosexual controls, and US homosexual men. However, these four groups all demonstrated a significantly greater prevalence of antibodies to each of these infectious agents compared with US heterosexual men. Immunologic studies demonstrated a significant elevation of activated lymphocytes (HLA-DR and T3 positive) and immune complexes in both AIDS populations and African heterosexual and US homosexual populations, compared with the US heterosexual population. These data demonstrate that the immune systems of African heterosexuals, similar to those of US homosexual men, are in a chronically activated state associated with chronic viral and parasitic antigenic exposure, which may cause them to be particularly susceptible to HIV infection or disease progression.
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PMID:Serologic and immunologic studies in patients with AIDS in North America and Africa. The potential role of infectious agents as cofactors in human immunodeficiency virus infection. 349 57

HLA class I and class II antigens circulate in serum as soluble molecules. Increased concentrations of soluble HLA class I molecules have been demonstrated in viral diseases, in rejection episodes following organ transplantation and in graft versus host disease. To explore the possibility of a variation of the serum concentrations of soluble HLA class II molecules in the same pathologic conditions we developed a double determinant immune assay that detects whole soluble HLA-DR molecules (sHLA-DR). The mean level of sHLA-DR antigens in sera from 23 healthy individuals was 0.64 +/- 0.72 microgram/ml. Elevated serum concentrations of sHLA-DR molecules were detected in sera from HIV infected patients in CDC2/3 and in CDC4 C1 stages (2.0 +/- 1.7 micrograms/ml and 4.6 +/- 1.7 micrograms/ml, respectively), in sera from patients affected by acute rejection after liver transplantation (5.3 +/- 3.7 micrograms/ml) and in sera from patients affected by severe acute graft versus host disease following bone marrow transplantation (8.8 +/- 3.1 micrograms/ml). The increase of sHLA-DR molecules in these sera significantly correlated with the elevation of soluble HLA class I antigens (P = 0.0004). The reported data suggest that both soluble HLA class I and class II molecules serum levels increase during viral infections and strong immune reactions and could suggest the involvement of these molecules in immunoregulation.
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PMID:Increased serum concentration of soluble HLA-DR antigens in HIV infection and following transplantation. 748 4

Employing a discontinuous Percoll gradient following Ficoll-Hypaque separation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from normal subjects (n = 14) and patients with HIV-1 infection (n = 50), we separated a population of low-density cells consisting of monocytoid cells, lymphocytes, and some granulocytes. In cytospin preparations, less than 5% of the monocytoid cells were positive for nonspecific esterase and CD14. However, CD1a was positive in 5-20% of these cells. Ultrastructurally, CD1a-labeled immunogold particles were demonstrated on the monocytoid cells which bore some features of dendritic cells. Flow cytometry of the low-density cells identified a subset of buoyant, large cell population, which excluded lymphocytes. This large low-density cell (LLDC) population was significantly expanded in patients with HIV infection and comprised 32.3 +/- 21.3% of low-density cells compared to 7.0 +/- 2.8% in normal subjects (P < 0.0001). Of the LLDC population 45.2 +/- 23.4% were CD1a+ in patients compared to 17.5 +/- 13.3% in normal subjects (P < or = 0.0001). HLA-DR and HLA-DQ were coexpressed in approximately 70 and 50% of these CD1a+ LLDC, respectively. A simple nonculture assay method employed by us facilitates rapid screening of infected blood specimens for the CD1a+ large low-density cells with dendritic cell features, which could be an additional parameter to monitor HIV disease progression.
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PMID:The number of CD1a+ large low-density cells with dendritic cell features is increased in the peripheral blood of HIV+ patients. 750 34

Immune activation is an important component of HIV disease in adults that may reflect a protective host response and/or be a component of immunopathogenesis. The goals of this study were to gain understanding of T cell activation in pediatric HIV disease, to assess the usefulness of T cell activation markers as surrogates for disease progression and/or early identification of infection in infants at risk, and to determine any advantages of three- compared to two-color flow cytometric immunophenotyping for the above assessments. We examined the expression of cell-surface activation antigens on the CD4 and CD8 T cells of 26 HIV-infected and 40 HIV-seronegative age-matched control children. Compared with controls, HIV-infected children showed a slight but not significant decrease in the proportion of CD4 cells that coexpressed CD45RA and L-selectin (mean of 83 vs 75% for < 2 years of age, 76 vs 62% for 2-3 years, 64 vs 56% for > or = 4 years). CD4 cells coexpressing CD38 and HLA-DR were significantly increased in HIV+ children (mean of 2 vs 6% for < 2 years of age, 3 vs 11% for 2-3 years, 2 vs 8% for > or = 4 years). There was a striking and significant increase in the proportion of CD8 cells coexpressing CD38 and HLA-DR (mean of 5 vs. 25% for < 2 years, 10 vs 41% for 2-3 years, 6 vs 31% for > or = 4 years); this double positive population of CD8 cells included cells that were approximately 1 log brighter for the expression of CD38 than for that of CD38 single-positive cells. There was a significant reduction in CD45RA+ CD8 cells (means of 92 vs 71% for < 2 years of age, 88 vs 50% for 2-3 years, 80 vs 57% for > or = 4 years) and an increase in CD57+ CD8 cells (mean of 4 vs 8% for < 2 years of age, 8 vs 22% for 2-3 years, 19 vs 31% for > or = 4 years) in HIV+ children. The inclusion of CD3 as an anchor marker for CD8 cell subsets to limit the analysis to CD3+ CD8 cells did not substantially alter the data nor enhance the differences between infected and control children compared with the analysis of all CD8 cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:T cell activation in pediatric AIDS pathogenesis: three-color immunophenotyping. 751 Oct 81

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were quantified for the subsets of CD4, CD8, and CD19 lymphocytes by using CD45RA (2H4), CD29(4B4), CD57, CD5, CD10, Leu8, HLA-DR, and TCR gamma delta-1 monoclonal antibodies and dual color immunofluorescence. A comparative analysis of lymphocyte subpopulations was made among 52 HIV-infected and 50 age-matched control children and 30 HIV-seropositive and 27 negative control adults. A significant decrease in the CD4+CD45RA+ "naive" cells was much more marked in HIV-infected children than in HIV-infected adults. A significant percentage increase in the CD4+CD29+ "memory" cells was observed in HIV-infected children but not in infected adults; however, the absolute numbers were usually decreased in all age groups. The mean percentage and absolute numbers of CD4+CD7+ and CD4+Leu8+ cells were decreased in HIV-infected children, although usually not significantly. The CD3+TCR gamma delta-1+ did not show any change in the infected children tested. The mean percentage and absolute number of the CD8+HLA-DR+ cells increased significantly in HIV-infected persons of all ages. The CD8+CD57+ cells were increased in percentage and absolute number in HIV-infected children ages 1-4 and 4-8 years. In the adults, no change was noted in either the percentage or absolute number of CD19+CD5+ B cells, a finding similar to that noted in HIV-infected children above 1 year of age. Although adults showed a significant decrease in both percentage and numbers of CD5- B cells, an increase was noted in the 7- to 12-month-old HIV-infected children. The CD19+CD10+ cells showed a slight but significant decrease in the youngest age group and a significant increase in the older age groups of HIV-infected children. These findings indicate that several lymphocyte subpopulations are altered differentially during HIV infection in children of varying ages and in adults.
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PMID:Subpopulations of T and B cells in perinatally HIV-infected and noninfected age-matched children compared with those in adults. 751 Oct 82

We examined 26 patients with human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1)-associated Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), and 76 HIV-1-infected (HIV-1+) people without KS or uninfected (HIV-1-) controls for the presence of circulating KS-like spindle cells. Adherent cells that had spindle morphology and several characteristics of spindle cells of KS lesions (KS cells) were identified in the peripheral blood mononuclear cell fraction only after culture in the presence of conditioned medium (CM) from activated lymphocytes. The peripheral blood-derived spindle cells (PBsc) expressed a variety of endothelial cell markers, such as Ulex europaeus I lectin, EN4, EN2/3, EN7/44, CD13, CD34, CD36, CD54, ELAM-1, and HLA-DR. However, they were negative for CD2, CD19, PaIE, and factor VIII-related antigen. The PBsc produced angiogenic factors as evidenced by the ability of CM from these cells to promote growth of normal vascular endothelial cells. In addition, subcutaneously injected PBsc stimulated angiogenesis in vivo in athymic nude mice. We determined that the number of PBsc grown from the peripheral blood of HIV-1+ patients with KS or at high risk to develop KS were increased by 78-fold (P = .0001) and 18-fold (P = .005), respectively, when compared with HIV-1- controls. The number of spindle cells cultured from the HIV-1+ patients at low risk for developing KS, eg, HIV-1+ injection drug users, showed no statistical increase when compared with HIV-1- controls. The presence of increased PBsc with characteristics of KS cells in HIV-1+ KS patients or patients at high risk for developing KS gives insights into the origin of KS cells and may explain the multifocal nature of the disease. In addition, this may be useful in predicting the risk of KS development.
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PMID:Identification and culture of Kaposi's sarcoma-like spindle cells from the peripheral blood of human immunodeficiency virus-1-infected individuals and normal controls. 863 Apr 31


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