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Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We investigated the HIV prevalence rate in 106 female prostitutes residing in Huixtla, State of Chiapas, which is a small town in the southeastern part of Mexico, from February of 1989 to January of 1990. We used an immunoenzymatic method (Serodia). The mean age was 35 years ranging from 17 to 43. Sixty six women (62%) were from Central America, and the remainder had been born in Mexico. The HIV antibody was not detected in the women, but 39 (37%) had a sexually transmitted disease: the more frequent were condolomatosis, candidiasis, trichomoniasis, gonorrhea, and syphilis.
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PMID:[Prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and its relationship with other sexually transmitted diseases in a group of prostitutes from Huixtla, Chiapas]. 186 97

The STDs threaten the reproductive health of women in many ways, ranging from premature births through congenital infections and death. An understanding of the natural history of these diseases permits timely interventions which can mitigate the perinatal damage caused by these infections substantially. Ideally, primary prevention or safer sex will be adopted by sexually active women, thereby reducing the morbidity not only for their offspring but for themselves as well. Antiviral therapy is not yet available for minimizing any hazard of fetal exposure to HPV, HSV, HIV, and hepatitis B viral infections. Early antibiotic therapy should reduce the risk of congenital syphilis and any perinatal hazards associated with chlamydial and gonococcal infections.
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PMID:Preventing fetal damage from sexually transmitted diseases. 186 41

In 1988, 1233 prostitutes from different geographic areas of Kinshasa participated in a cross-sectional survey on HIV infection and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Despite relatively good knowledge about AIDS and STDs, the reported preventive behaviour was poor. Only 12% of the women reported regular use of condoms, while greater than 50% of the women reported regular use of antibiotics and 38% reported doing nothing specific to prevent STDs. Thirty-five per cent of the women were HIV-positive compared with 27% in a similar survey in Kinshasa in 1986. The prevalence of other STDs was very high, ranging from 5% for genital ulcer disease (GUD) to 23% for gonococcal infection. HIV-positive women were older than HIV-negative women (26.9 versus 25.4 years; P less than 0.001), had a significantly lower level of reported condom use (9 versus 14%, P = 0.009), and reported more frequent use of antibiotics to prevent STDs (55 versus 42%, P = less than 0.001). The prevalence of syphilis, gonorrhoea, chlamydial infection and trichomoniasis was not higher in HIV-positive women compared with HIV-negative women. However, HIV-positive women had a higher prevalence of GUD (9 versus 3%, P less than 0.001), antibodies against Haemophilus ducreyi (82 versus 57%, P less than 0.001), antibodies against herpes simplex virus type 2 (96 versus 76%, P less than 0.001), condylomata accuminata (5 versus 1%, P = 0.003) and cytologic evidence of human papilloma virus on Papaniclaou cervical smear (11 versus 5%, P = 0.006). This study confirms the high incidence of HIV and other STDs among prostitutes in Africa.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases among female prostitutes in Kinshasa. 188 43

Gonorrhoea is a sexually transmissible disease (STD) characteristic of a core group of individuals and their contacts. From the experience of a Sydney STD clinic, as well as local and national population-based reports, trends in heterosexually acquired gonorrhoea in Australia over a decade were examined. An overall decline of 90% in case numbers between 1981 and 1989 was found, with an average yearly decline of 30%. The improved compliance with condom use by Sydney prostitutes and their clients could have been a major factor. This occurred in an environment of peer and public education about AIDS and the decriminalisation of prostitution. Improved health professional training and public access to specialist STD services against a background of demographic changes may also have contributed. However a persistent "seeding" of penicillinase-producing strains of gonorrhoea from Southeast Asia through men not using condoms was detected. These data have potential implications for the importation of heterosexually acquired human immunodeficiency virus infection into Australia.
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PMID:Heterosexual gonorrhoea in central Sydney: implications for HIV control. 149 37

Using recent data from the U.S., the argument is reiterated that sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) have serious consequences on female morbidity, mortality, pregnancy outcome and that the cost of screening and treatment can afford significant savings. Since the rosy view of the 1950s that STDs had been eliminated with penicillin, new viral, parasitic and bacterial forms have emerged, and antibiotic-resistant classical STDs have increased yearly. 13 million new cases were reported in 1989, excluding non-reportable diseases and asymptomatic infections, such as over half of chlamydia cases. Mortality is possible from STDs, most notably from AIDS, now among the top 5 causes of death of women aged 15-44. Other fatal outcomes are cervical cancer related to human papilloma virus, accelerated by HIV, pelvic inflammatory diseases (PID) its consequences, ectopic pregnancy. Symptomatic PID affects 1 million women, resulting in 210,000 hospitalizations per year. Ectopic pregnancy accounts for 12% of maternal mortality. STDs are involved in neonatal infections with HIV, syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, cytomegalovirus, and herpes. Chorioamnionitis, a finding in many miscarriages, is caused by many of the same organisms. Several studies have projected sizeable potential savings, even within the current year, by providing STD screening and treatment in family planning clinics and prenatal care, in terms of prevention of hospitalization of women, and intensive care for low birth weight, premature and infected newborns.
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PMID:An ounce of prevention ... STDs and women's health. 193 19

In Vienna, legalized prostitution is tightly controlled by the advisory board of the Viennese Public Health Service. Registered prostitutes are routinely screened for all important STDs, such as syphilis, HIV, gonorrhea, chlamydial- and yeast-infections, and Trichomonas vaginalis. Furthermore, cytological smears are obtained from the cervix and chest X-rays are performed at least once a year. In all pathological findings, an appropriate therapy is implemented. Presenting data of 1989, out of the 713 weekly controlled registered prostitutes, Neisseria gonorrhoeae was detected in 0.3% of all examinations (110/35,368). In non-registered prostitutes, the infection rate of N. gonorrhoeae was 6.9% (27/354), and so far, 20 times higher than in registered ones. The infection rate of Chlamydia trachomatis, which has been routinely diagnosed in registered prostitutes for several years, has decreased from 20.4% in 1980 to 2.2% in 1989 compared with 31.4% and 10.9% in non-registered prostitutes. In registered prostitutes, the prevalence of genital infections, such as C. trachomatis, T. vaginalis, and yeasts was shown to be 4.9%. The corresponding data in non-registered prostitutes were much higher (18.8%). Due to examinations for cervical malignancy the incidence of Papanicolaou stain IV and V has decreased from 3.1% in 1988 to 1.6% in 1989. There was no serologic evidence for syphilis and HIV infection in both special risk groups. The data demonstrate, that due to a good health surveillance of STD-risk groups, a good information service, and free treatment, the prevalence of STDs can be reduced in prostitutes.
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PMID:Medical health care for Viennese prostitutes. 194 14

The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome epidemic has drawn attention to screening for sexually transmitted diseases by primary care physicians. A telephone survey of primary care physicians in an area with a high incidence of STDs (Washington, DC) to ascertain the determinants and the extent of screening and counseling for STDs was completed in 1987. Ninety-nine physicians (33 internists, 38 obstetrician/gynecologists, and 28 family/general practitioners), representing 61% of those eligible, completed the interview. One third (39.4%) were screening for gonorrhea, more than one half (57.5%) for syphilis, and almost all (94%) had tested at least one individual for human immunodeficiency virus infection. Analysis suggested that concomitant screening for hepatitis B was significantly and positively associated with screening for gonorrhea and syphilis. Less than half (45.9%) of the physicians asked new patients about their sexual practices. Physicians should take histories of sexual practices and do more preventive counseling.
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PMID:Screening for sexually transmitted diseases by primary care physicians. 200 May 14

The article briefly reviews current knowledge about the effect of telling the partner about HIV-infection. While informing one's partner has been shown to be effective in limiting the spread of classic venereal diseases such as gonorrhea and syphilis, the more complex nature of HIV-infection raises several difficult issues when it comes to telling one's partner. However, sufficient experience has acquired to advocate telling one's partner about HIV-infection, provided that the approach is humane, that no compulsion is exerted and that confidentiality and dignity are respected.
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PMID:[Contact tracing in fighting HIV infections]. 200 78

Observation of an essentially linear growth in time of U.S. and New York City AIDS cases, from about 1984 through early 1988, is shown to imply a relatively constant rate of transmission of HIV infection in its early stages, as has been observed for limited times in cohorts of male homosexuals in San Francisco and New York City. Observation by Potterat et al. of an exceptionally close intertwining of spatial and social patterns of endemic gonorrhea within a minority population, coupled with a percolation process model of HIV transmission within geographically constrained social networks, leads to inference that a constant rate of HIV transmission, in turn, implies a 'surface growth' phenomenon resulting in a traveling wave of infection advancing at a fixed 'velocity' along a 'one dimensional socio-geographic network.' Implications of this view are discussed for both data collection and analysis, and for intervention. Differences for the processes of disease transmission and control, based on the relative stability of socio-geographic networks, are postulated between the ghettoes of the middle-class male homosexual community and the physically devastated and socially distintegrated ghettoes of the minority urban poor.
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PMID:Traveling waves of HIV infection on a low dimensional 'socio-geographic' network. 202 80

Maternal drug addiction has increased in an alarming way over the last ten years. Therefore, the withdrawal syndrome in the newborn has also increased. 53% of the newborns (of chemical dependent mother) studied from 1985 to 1989 in HCP have presented this syndrome. We have analysed: perinatal, neonatal and maternal factors, and their clinical features and treatment: There is a great incidence of perinatal asphyxia, acidosis, premature rupture of the fetal membranes, etc. The newborns are usually premature or of low birth weight for their gestational age. They present diverse pathology: syphilis, HBsAg +, HIV +, gonorrhea, congenital malformations, etc. The mothers are often prostitutes, belong to a low socioeconomic status, have had previous abortions and have had no control of the actual pregnancy, etc. The syndrome of abstinence presents with: jitteriness, sweating, high-pitched or continuous crying, vomits, diarrhea, and even seizures. The neurological and digestive manifestations are the most difficult to treat. The treatment consists of general measures (little stimulation dim light, etc.), phenobarbital, and chlorpromazine.
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PMID:[Newborn infant of drug-addicted mother: maternal, perinatal, neonatal aspects, and neonatal abstinence syndrome]. 204 4


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