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Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The most often reported psychiatric complications among HIV-infected outpatients include: mood and anxiety disorders, and alcohol or nonopiate drug abuse. Medical records of 32 HIV-infected psychiatric outpatients in the Netherlands were studied. The most common DSM-III(-R) diagnoses included: major depression (n = 10) and adjustment disorder with depressive or anxious mood (n = 10). The psychiatric treatment of the HIV-infected outpatients did not differ fundamentally from the treatment of other psychiatric outpatients with similar problems. The increasing number of HIV infected patients in the Netherlands living outside of Amsterdam, would appear to urge more education of psychiatric and other health care professionals concerning specific aspects of HIV infection, homosexuality, prostitution and intravenous drug abuse.
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PMID:[Hiv patients in a psychiatric outpatient clinic]. 195 45

Antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and type 2 (HIV-2) and to human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV-1) were investigated by ELISA, Western blot and radioimmunoprecipitation (RIPA) assay in 318 sera (191 males and 127 females) obtained from syphilitic patients. The sera from 10% of the males and 3.1% of the females were positive for HIV-1. None of the sera contained antibodies to HIV-2. Antibodies to HTLV-1-2 were present in the sera of 7.1% of the males and 4.8% of the females who were seronegative for HIV. Five out of 24 (20.8%) HIV-1 positive subjects had antibodies to HTLV-1-2 as well. Sera from another group of 58 syphilitic patients (38 males and 20 females in the Anti-Venereal Disease Department), seronegative for HIV-1 and HIV-2, who denied both i.v. drug abuse and blood transfusion, were investigated in the same manner. None of the males had antibodies to HTLV-1-2, while 2 females (10%) were positive.
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PMID:Antibodies to HTLV-1-2, HIV-1 and HIV-2 in syphilitic patients. 197 26

Approximately 25 percent of individuals exposed to Mycobacterium tuberculosis become infected. Of those, about 10 percent will develop clinically active tuberculosis at some time in their lives. The tuberculin skin test should be used to screen all patients, especially those at greatest risk of contracting the disease, such as the young and the old, and those with weakened immune systems from poor nutrition, alcohol and drug abuse, chronic illness and human immunodeficiency virus infection. Depending on the characteristics of the local population and individual medical risk factors, a reaction (induration) between 5 and 15 mm (or more) generally represents infection. Isoniazid therapy in persons with positive skin tests will decrease the risk of disease by 60 to 80 percent. Family physicians will play a critical role in efforts to eliminate tuberculosis from the United States by the year 2010.
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PMID:Return of tuberculosis: screening and preventive therapy. 199 Jul 30

During 1987-1989, 14 (14.6%) of the 96 children who tested positive for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and were followed up by the Duke University (Durham, NC) pediatric acquired immunodeficiency syndrome team were confirmed to have been sexually abused. Every sexually abused child was evaluated for each of five modes of HIV transmission, and in nine children the pathway was identified. Four of the study children acquired HIV from child sexual abuse and in six, abuse was a possible source. Transmission by child sexual abuse was the most frequent of the proven modes of acquisition of HIV in this population. The other proven modes of acquisition were vertical transmission (n = 3) and HIV-contaminated blood transfusion (n = 2). Twelve males were identified (n = 8) or suspected (n = 4) of being perpetrators. Three knew themselves to have HIV at the time of an assault and eight were aware that the child had HIV at the time of an assault. There was no indication from any child that "safe sex" precautions had been observed. Children with HIV infection had multiple risk factors for abuse or neglect. The sociological descriptors of the lives of the 14 abused children showed multiple known risk factors for sexual abuse that also overlapped with known risk factors for or sequelae of the acquisition of HIV infection. These included drug abuse and alcoholism in the home, prostitution of a parent, lack of parenting, poverty, and chronic illness of the child. Prevention efforts should recognize that children as well as adults are at risk for sexually transmitted HIV infection.
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PMID:Human immunodeficiency virus transmission by child sexual abuse. 185 16

We characterize associations with and motivations for tattooing in adolescents through data from a controlled, three-group comparison of adolescents from a substance abuse treatment program, detention center, and private pediatric practice. We surveyed 474 adolescents (12 to 18 years old) with tattoos (12%) and without tattoos (88%). The private pediatric practice was the control site. A 34-item questionnaire was used to profile the three groups and their primary associations with tattooing with respect to race, drug use, school attendance, school grades, parental marital status, family income, tattooing by family members, criminal activity, and involvement with satanic rituals. Tattooing was significantly (P less than .005) associated with all of these variables in the ways described, as was knowledge of its association with human immunodeficiency virus infection. No interventions were made. Tattooing is common in adolescents and is associated with low self-esteem, delinquency, drug abuse, family and peer modeling, and participation in satanic rituals. Addressing the behavior as a health problem is discussed.
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PMID:Tattooing behavior in adolescence. A comparison study. 199 84

The authors surveyed 23 psychiatrically hospitalized adolescent girls regarding behavior that involves high risk of HIV infection. Over half (57%) of the girls reported high-risk sexual activities; these girls were more likely to have sexually transmitted diseases, substantial drug abuse histories, and diagnoses of conduct disorder.
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PMID:Potential HIV exposure in psychiatrically hospitalized adolescent girls. 200 1

In structured interviews with 171 HIV-positive iv drug abusers at the HIV clinic of Roslagstull Hospital in Stockholm, were investigated their current drug abuse and any wishes they might have as to their treatment. Over 75 per cent reported drugs abuse in the past 12-month period-chiefly iv heroin. Half of them reported that they lacked any form of counselling for their addiction, and something over 40 per cent wanted treatment- the predominant choice being methadone treatment. Despite methadone treatment having been found effective in cases of opiate-dependence, and in many cases a prerequisite of rehabilitation, the queues for it are very long in Sweden--up to two years. Adequate treatment for these patients needs to be made more rapidly available, and greater attention paid to the patients' own views. This is of the utmost importance, both epidemiologically and from the individual patient's point of view, and is a prerequisite in preventing the spread of HIV infection.
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PMID:[HIV-infected drug addicts in a clinic for infectious diseases are dissatisfied and desire more treatment]. 201 39

Of 17 consecutive patients receiving methadone maintenance treatment who had primary or chronic depression, nine (53%) improved in both mood and drug abuse after imipramine treatment. This finding suggests a potential for helping such dual-diagnosis patients reduce drug abuse and associated risk for HIV. Further controlled trials are warranted.
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PMID:Imipramine treatment of methadone maintenance patients with affective disorder and illicit drug use. 201 72

In 1986, a national survey was carried out in France among 4846 drug abusers attending specialised agencies and treatment centres. Data are analysed and compared with the results of a previous study in 1972. Most French drug abusers are men (74%) ranged in age from 20 to 29 years (68%). Data suggest increasing problems with heroin (69%), cocaine (13%), solvents (5%), alcohol (26%) and multiple drug dependence. Women are younger, they have attempted suicide more often than men but have been incarcerated half as often. Concerning drug abuse trends, women appear to use increasingly sedatives in combination with other drugs. Partial data concerning HIV seropositivity reveal a rate of 48% among drug abusers having been tested.
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PMID:Drug addicts attending specialised institutions: towards a drug addiction data bank? 202 59

The study is based on autopsies of 86 drug addicts who died during the period 1986-88 after an opiate ingestion. The average postmortal concentration of morphine after ingestion of heroin was 0.88 mumol/l blood, ranging from 0.0 to 3.1 mumol/l, which is substantially lower than values that have been reported from patients receiving morphine intravenously as an analgetic. Postmortal blood concentrations of morphine were significantly lower among deceased with only fresh needle marks than among deceased with both old and fresh needle marks, suggesting that a pause in the drug abuse may have led to a decrease in opiate tolerance. There was no relationship between the detected organ pathology finding of other ingested substances and the postmortal concentration of morphine. In 20% (n = 17) of the deceased the HIV-antibody test was positive and the average blood concentration of morphine was higher in this sub-population than in the rest of the cases.
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PMID:[Opiate-related deaths among drug addicts. Autopsy findings, circumstances and forensic toxicologic analyses regarding deaths]. 206 62


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