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Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Yeast mutants of cell cycle gene cdc48-1 arrest as large budded cells with microtubules spreading aberrantly throughout the cytoplasm from a single spindle plaque. The gene was cloned and disruption proved it to be essential. The CDC48 sequence encodes a protein of 92 kD that has an internal duplication of 200 amino acids and includes a nucleotide binding consensus sequence. Vertebrate VCP has a 70% identity over the entire length of the protein. Yeast Sec18p and mammalian N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein, which are involved in intracellular transport, yeast Pas1p, which is essential for peroxisome assembly, and mammalian TBP-1, which influences HIV gene expression, are 40% identical in the duplicated region. Antibodies against CDC48 recognize a yeast protein of apparently 115 kD and a mammalian protein of 100 kD. Both proteins are bound loosely to components of the microsomal fraction as described for Sec18p and N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein. This similarity suggests that CDC48p participates in a cell cycle function related to that of N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein/Sec18p in Golgi transport.
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PMID:Yeast cell cycle protein CDC48p shows full-length homology to the mammalian protein VCP and is a member of a protein family involved in secretion, peroxisome formation, and gene expression. 186 Aug 79

Combinations of an amidoalkylphosphocholine, 8, and AZT have been found to cause an apparent synergistic action in suppressing infectious HIV-1 replication. In addition, amidoalkyl, oxyalkyl, and thioalkyl ether lipids have been chemically linked to anti-HIV-1 nucleosides (AZT and DDI) through phosphate and phosphonate linkages. These conjugates have shown promising in vitro anti-HIV-1 activity. Also, the conjugates have a 5-10-fold reduction in cell cytotoxicity compared to AZT alone. The most active compound, an amidoalkyl ether lipid-AZT conjugates, 4A, was found to have a differential selectivity of 1793 in a syncytial plaque assay. In comparison, AZT alone has a value of 1281.
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PMID:Synthesis and evaluation of novel ether lipid nucleoside conjugates for anti-HIV-1 activity. 190 11

Recombinant adenovirus vectors expressing the entire gag (p55) or CA (p24) region of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) were constructed by inserting the appropriate HIV DNA sequences into the E3 region of human adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) with and without an exogenous SV40 early promoter. The infectious recombinant adenoviruses Adgag1, AdSVgag1, and AdSVCA1 were shown to express the appropriate HIV-1 antigens in human cells in vitro, as measured by immunoprecipitation and p24 antigen capture assays. Using the p24 antigen capture assay, HIV antigen expressed by AdSVCA1 was detected earlier in infection and in greater amounts than that produced by either Adgag1 or AdSVgag1. In studies concerning the immunogenicity of these vectors, Balb/c (H-2d) mice given a single intraperitoneal injection of 10(7) or 10(8) plaque-forming units of purified vector developed serum antibodies to p24, detected by Western blotting, by 2 weeks postinjection. In the preliminary test of the immunogenicity of the recombinant adenovirus vectors in primates, two of four rhesus macaque monkeys generated antibodies to HIV-1 p24 following two injections of AdSVCA1. As expected, monkeys injected with control adenovirus failed to show any anti-HIV response, and none of the monkeys showed any adverse reactions following infection with either recombinant or control adenoviruses. These results suggest that adenovirus vectors have considerable potential in the study of possible immune therapies for HIV infection.
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PMID:Immune response to HIV-1 gag antigens induced by recombinant adenovirus vectors in mice and rhesus macaque monkeys. 190 14

A simple quantitative bioassay for infectious HIV-1 has been developed. The assay is based on adherent CD4+ HeLa cell lines stably transfected with episomal vectors carrying the Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase gene under the control of the HIV long terminal repeat (LTR) promoter. HIV infection of these cell lines transactivates the LTR promoter inducing beta-galactosidase production. Infected cells and virus foci can be stained dark blue by the addition of the chromogenic substrate X-Gal. Alternatively, a readily automatable quantitative enzyme assay can be performed on the infected cultures. Because of its simplicity the bioassay may be useful for routine quantification of HIV-infected cultures, plaque purification, virus neutralization studies and for the screening of antiviral agents.
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PMID:HIV-1 indicator cell lines. 190 60

Experiments were designed to determine whether HIV-1 and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) coinfection leads to simultaneous replication of both viruses in the same human CD4+ cell (MT-4 cell line) and the possible effects of coinfection on infectious virus production. Results from transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed replication of typical HSV-2 nucleocapsids in the nucleus and budding of HIV-1 particles through the plasma membrane and through intracytoplasmic vacuoles containing enveloped HSV-2 particles in the same coinfected cell. Coinfection of HIV-1 persistently infected H9IIIB or promonocytic U1 cells with HSV-2 did not alter total production of infectious HSV-2 or the percentage of HSV-2 infectious centers compared with control H9 and U937 cells infected with HSV-2 alone. However, in coinfected promonocytic U1 cells HSV-2 induced infectious HIV-1 production measured by syncytial plaque assay. In summary, both HIV-1 and HSV-2 can coinfect and simultaneously replicate in the same human CD4+ cell. Interactions between HIV-1 and HSV-2 appear to be unidirectional, resulting in accelerated replication of HIV-1 as reported by Albrecht et al. (J Virol 1989;63:1861-1868), but not HSV-2 as shown by us.
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PMID:Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) can coinfect and simultaneously replicate in the same human CD4+ cell: effect of coinfection on infectious HSV-2 and HIV-1 replication. 197 88

The inhibitory effects of a series of antiviral compounds on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) were evaluated in a plaque assay (PA) in MT-4 cells and a focal immunoassay (FIA) in CD4+ HeLa cells. Similar 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) were obtained for the sulfated polysaccharides when measured by PA or FIA: the IC50 values of dextran sulfate and pentosan polysulfate were 0.8 microgram/ml and 0.35 microgram/ml, respectively. Also, comparable IC50 values (ranging from 1.42 to 2.71 microM) were obtained for purine 2',3'-dideoxyribosides (i.e. DDA, DDI and DDG) when evaluated by PA or FIA. In contrast, the IC50 values of pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribosides were invariably 4- to 10-fold lower when monitored by PA than FIA: the IC50s of AZT, D4T and DDC in the PA were 0.015, 0.094 and 0.038 microM, respectively, and in the FIA were 0.062 microM, 0.29 microM and 0.46 microM, respectively. The differential anti-HIV-1 activities found with AZT, D4T and DDC in the PA and FIA systems may at least be related in part to differences in the metabolism of the compounds (i.e. phosphorylation by thymidine kinase or 2'-deoxycytidine kinase) between MT-4 and CD4+ HeLa cells. The novel anti-HIV-1 compounds tetrahydro-imidazo[4,5,1-jk][1,4]-benzodiazepin-2(1H)-thione (TIBO) derivatives, R82150 and R82913, and the acyclouridine derivative 1-[(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]-6-phenylthiothymine (HEPT) were also more inhibitory to HIV-1 in the PA than FIA system. The IC50 values of R82150, R82913 and HEPT, as based on PA, were 0.005, 0.003 and 0.79 microM, respectively. Their IC50 values, as based on FIA, were 0.020 microM, 0.015 microM and 3.77 microM, respectively. The TIBO derivatives emerged as the most effective HIV-1 inhibitors of the compounds tested whether assayed by PA or FIA.
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PMID:Anti-HIV-1 activity of antiviral compounds, as quantitated by a focal immunoassay in CD4+ HeLa cells and a plaque assay in MT-4 cells. 198 Jan 26

Periodontal diseases are a collection of disorders that may affect patients throughout life. The most common form of periodontal disease, gingivitis, which affects only the soft tissues, is seen in children, adolescents, and adults. Periodontitis, which destroys the bone supporting a tooth, is found more commonly in adults over the age of thirty-five but may be present in a variety of forms in children after three years of age. These diseases are caused by bacterial plaque but may be modulated by systemic diseases, immunologic compromise, heredity, and other contributing factors. Periodontal pathoses may be an indication of an underlying systemic condition such as leukemia or human immunodeficiency virus infection. The standard treatment of periodontal diseases is the control of intraoral plaque. This may be accomplished using mechanical, chemotherapeutic, and surgical means.
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PMID:Periodontal diseases: a review. 199 3

A series of synthetic lipids containing a two- or three-carbon backbone substituted with a thio, oxy, or amidoalkyl functionality and either a phosphocholine or quaternary ammonium moiety was evaluated as potential anti-HIV-1 agents. Several analogues were identified as possessing activity with the most promising compound being rac-3-octadecanamido-2-ethoxypropylphosphocholine (8). Compound 8 exhibited an IC50 for the inhibition of plaque formation of 0.16 microM which was 84-fold lower than the IC50 value determined for CEM-SS cell growth inhibition. Initial mechanistic studies have indicated that these compounds, unlike AZT, are not reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitors, but instead appear to inhibit a late step in HIV replication involving virus assembly and infectious virus production. Since these lipids are acting via a different mechanism, they represent an alternative approach to the chemotherapeutic treatment of AIDS as well as candidates for combination therapy with AZT.
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PMID:In vitro evaluation of phosphocholine and quaternary ammonium containing lipids as novel anti-HIV agents. 201 13

We have studied the relationship of antibodies reacting with human retroviral core proteins to the disease outcome in Finnish mycosis fungoides (MF) patients in a prospective manner. Antibodies recognizing human T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma virus I (HTLV-I) or human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) core proteins were found in 12 of 14 MF patients as shown by the Western blot method. The antibody reactivities showed three patterns: three patients had antibodies cross-reacting with the gag-encoded core proteins of both HTLV-I and HIV-1; seven patients showed antibodies reacting with HTLV-I core proteins only; and the sera of two patients reacted with HIV p24 core protein only. When following the clinical course of these patients, we found that the three patients with antibodies cross-reacting with both viruses had the most fulminant clinical course, and the overall duration of MF was, on average, 4 years less than in the rest of the patients. None of the patients, however, became leukaemic, or showed any other features suggestive of acute T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma (ATL). Two patients, who did not show anti-retroviral antibodies during the follow-up, had a stable disease with plaque-type skin lesions. Histological or immunohistological typing of the skin infiltrates did not correlate with the disease outcome or the above antibody patterns. Our results thus raise the possibility that an unknown retrovirus, immunologically related to the known human retroviruses, may be aetiologically linked to MF.
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PMID:Antibodies against retroviral core proteins in relation to disease outcome in patients with mycosis fungoides. 208 36

To know the biological significance of the HIV variation, we investigated the interaction between two different HIV clones. Two distinct clones were mixed and propagated by infecting MT-4 cells. After passaging the mixture viruses 8 times, and cloning by the plaque method, we obtained not only viruses of homogeneous type like each parental clone but also heterogeneous-type viruses which showed a mixture of two parental viruses with regard to phenotype and genotype. To further segregate a single virus from the mixture, we recloned the heterogeneous viruses using the plaque method. We found that about 40% of recloned viruses from heterogeneous-type viruses were still heterogeneous.
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PMID:Interaction between two distinct plaque-cloned human immunodeficiency viruses (HIVs): the possible existence of heterozygous virus. 209 34


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