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Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In HIV-infections, skin manifestations are manifold and are conditioned mainly by the immunodeficiency. Kaposi's sarcoma, oral hairy leucoplakia and candidiasis of the esophagus are of diagnostic significance as same as a severe course of opportunistic infections e.g. herpes simplex, herpes zooster, cryptococcosis, dermatomycoses, verrucae vulgares, condylomata acuminata and others. Sometimes skin manifestations are the first perceivable sign of an HIV-infection.
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PMID:[Skin manifestations in HIV infection]. 305 89

Testing for antibodies against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was introduced in 1984 in this major sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic in Copenhagen, which is attended by about 10,000 new patients each year. From 1984 to 1987 the proportion of patients examined for antibodies to HIV rose from 6% to 32%. The overall incidence of HIV antibody positivity decreased from 30% in 1984 to 3% in 1987, the combined result of decreased positivity in high risk patients tested and increased screening in low risk patients. HIV antibody positivity has been confined largely to homosexual men and drug addicts. Since 1985, however, 21 out of 2623 (0.8%) heterosexuals who were not drug addicts were found to be HIV antibody positive. During 1984-6 the incidence of STDs most often encountered in high risk groups (syphilis and gonorrhoea) decreased by 64% and 41% respectively, whereas the incidence of diseases most often diagnosed in low risk groups (condylomata acuminata and genital herpes) increased by 70% and 34% respectively in the same period. The addition of HIV infection to the list of STDs requires the allocation of more resources to the STD clinics to enable these clinics to handle this new problem. Screening for all patients attending an STD clinic for antibodies to HIV must be considered, and in our area it would be cost effective.
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PMID:AIDS related changes in pattern of sexually transmitted disease (STD) in an STD clinic in Copenhagen. 316 58

Within a period of 15 months, 134 patients suffering from condylomata acuminata were investigated with regard to simultaneous infection with HIV. 3 of these patients--2 showing warts in the anal region, 1 on the glans penis--were found positive for anti-HIV antibodies.
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PMID:[Condylomata acuminata and HIV infection--an epidemiologic study]. 326 97

To assess the prevalence and associated risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in patients attending inner-city clinics for sexually transmitted diseases in Baltimore, we screened 4028 patients anonymously, of whom 209 (5.2 percent) were seropositive for HIV. HIV-seropositivity rates were higher among men (6.3 percent) than women (3.0 percent) (P less than 0.001) and among blacks (5.0 percent) than whites (1.2 percent) (P less than 0.02). Among men, but not women, HIV seroprevalence increased markedly and steadily up to the age of 40. In men, HIV seropositivity was independently associated with increased age, black race, a history of homosexual contact, and the use of parenteral drugs. In women, a history of parenteral drug use or of being a sexual partner of a bisexual man or parenteral drug user were independently predictive of HIV seropositivity. In men, HIV seropositivity was also associated with a history of syphilis or a reactive serologic test for syphilis, and in women, with a history of genital warts. Since these associations were independent of the type and number of reported sexual partners, they raise the possibility that sexually transmitted diseases that disrupt epithelial surfaces may be important in the transmissibility of HIV. In addition, on a self-administered questionnaire, one third of HIV-infected men and one half of infected women did not acknowledge previous high-risk behavior for HIV exposure. These data suggest that patients at clinics for sexually transmitted diseases represent a group at high risk for HIV infection, and that screening, counseling, and intensive education should be offered to all patients attending such clinics.
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PMID:Human immunodeficiency virus infection among patients attending clinics for sexually transmitted diseases. 333 11

We report the occurrence of mucous membrane manifestations in six patients with HIV-infections: Kaposi sarcomas of the hard palate, of the gingiva, of the larynx and of the glans penis, unusual spreading of condylomata acuminata, bowenoid papulosis, thrush and hairy leukoplakia.
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PMID:[Mucous membrane manifestations in HIV infection]. 338 67

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is reviewed for dental practitioners, with an emphasis on oral findings; the clinical course, diagnosis, reporting, treatment, prognosis, transmission, and epidemiology are also covered. HIV infection has an incubation period that may be associated with glandular fever, a prodrome called AIDS-Related Complex (ARC) characterized by lymphadenopathy, low fever, weight loss, night sweats, diarrhea, oral candidosis, nonproductive cough and recurrent infections. AIDS is characterized by opportunistic infections. Over 50% present with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, 21% with Kaposi's sarcoma, and 6% have both. The AIDS virus causes direct neurological symptoms in some cases. Oral candidosis (thrush) in a young male without a local cause such as xerostomia or immune suppression is strongly suggestive of AIDS. Other oral manifestations are severe herpes simplex, varicella-zoster, Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, venereal warts, aphthous ulceration, mycobacterial oral ulcers, oral histoplasmosis, sinusitis and osteomyelitis of the jaw. Hairy leukoplakia, usually seen on the lateral border of the tongue, is probably caused by Epstein-Barr virus. Kaposi's sarcoma, an endothelial cell tumor, is characteristic of AIDS, and in 50% of patients is oral or perioral. Cervical lymph node enlargement will be seen in those with ARC as well as AIDS. No guidelines have been issued by the Department of Health and Social Security for dental surgeons in the UK for reporting AIDS cases. Although HIV virions have been isolated from saliva, there are no known incidents of transmission via saliva. HIV is less likely to be transmitted by needle stick injuries than, for example hepatitis B (25% risk), especially if the blood is from a carrier rather than a full blown AIDS case.
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PMID:Acquired immune deficiency syndrome: review. 352 29

Both human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) are associated with an increased prevalence of several dermatologic diseases. We studied healthy homosexual men with negative reactivity to HIV antibody, homosexual men without AIDS but with positive reactivity to HIV antibody, and homosexual men with AIDS to compare the prevalence of dermatologic disease in these groups. We found that five cutaneous disorders were increased in persons with HIV infection. Oral hairy leukoplakia was increased both in seropositive subjects without AIDS and in subjects with AIDS. Condylomata acuminata and seborrheic dermatitis were slightly increased in seropositive non-AIDS subjects and significantly increased in the AIDS group. Molluscum contagiosum and oral candidiasis were increased only in the AIDS group.
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PMID:Dermatologic findings associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection. 368 Jun 53

A retrospective study of the results of cervical cytological screening of HIV-infected women attending an inner city ambulatory HIV clinic over a 6-year period between 1987 and 1992 was carried out. During this time a total of 165 HIV-infected women attended for management of their HIV disease. The results of cervical cytological specimens (smears) were available in 136 (82.4%) women. The risk categories for HIV infection of these 136 women were intravenous drug use 110 (80.9%), heterosexual sex 24 (17.6%) and undetermined 2 (1.5%). Eighty-five (62.5%) of the 136 women were classified CDC group 2, 30 (22%) CDC group 3, and 21 (15.5%) CDC group 4 at the time of initial cytological screening. Forty-one (30.1%) women had mild dysplasia/CIN 1, 21 (15.4%) had moderate dysplasia/CIN 2 and 17 (12.5%) had severe dysplasia/CIN 3. The overall prevalence of dysplasia/CIN was 58.1%. Twenty-seven (34.2%) of the women with dysplasia/CIN had cytological evidence of human papillomavirus infection. No association between the clinical stage of HIV disease and the presence or degree of dysplasia/CIN was demonstrated. Women with cytological evidence of CIN were significantly more likely to have had genital warts than those with no evidence of CIN (OR 3.1, CI 1.1-10). In those women with cervical dysplasia who underwent colposcopic examination, CIN was confirmed in a high proportion of cases. The default rate from colposcopy, however, was high (35.4%).
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PMID:Cervical cytological screening in HIV-infected women in Dublin--a six-year review. 754 89

A cross-sectional study among female sex workers in Abidjan was conducted to study the association between sexually transmitted diseases and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and HIV-related immunosuppression. Among 1209 women tested for HIV, 962 (80%) were seropositive. HIV infection was independently associated with a longer duration of sex work, a lower price for intercourse, being an immigrant, and having a positive Treponema pallidum hemagglutination test (P < .05). Genital ulcers (25% vs. 5%), genital warts (14% vs. 4%), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (32% vs. 16%), Trichomonas vaginalis (27% vs. 17%), and syphilis (27% vs. 17%) were more frequent (P < .05) in HIV-infected than -uninfected women. Among HIV-infected women, the proportions with a genital ulcer were 17%, 25%, and 36% for those with > 28%, 14%-28%, and < 14% CD4 cells, respectively (P < .001). This study suggests that genital ulcers are an opportunistic disease in female sex workers in Abidjan.
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PMID:Genital ulcers associated with human immunodeficiency virus-related immunosuppression in female sex workers in Abidjan, Ivory Coast. 869 87

The incidence of anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN) was studied in a group of 210 homosexual and bisexual men. The presence of genital warts and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection was assessed as risk factors for the development of AIN. In all, 74 (35 per cent) of the group had histological evidence of AIN. The relative risk of being positive for HIV on AIN (relative to being negative for HIV) was 1.58 (95 per cent confidence interval (c.i.) 1.01-2.48). The relative risk of anal warts on AIN (relative to absence of anal warts) was 4.70 (95 per cent c.i. 1.81-12.20). Logistic regression analysis showed no significant interactive effect between HIV and anal warts on the risk of AIN. It is concluded from the results of a Mantel-Haenzel analysis that the presence of anal warts and HIV infection are independent risk factors for the development of AIN in homosexual and bisexual men.
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PMID:Human immunodeficiency virus infection and genital warts as risk factors for anal intraepithelial neoplasia in homosexual men. 761 88


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