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Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a prospective, systematic investigation, 2215 new patients with sexually transmitted diseases (STD) were screened for human immuno deficiency virus (HIV) infection during April 1986 to December 1988. Among them 9 were positive for HIV antibody giving a rate of 4/1000. In addition, 5 patients had been referred to our clinic with a diagnosis of HIV infection and STD. Among these 14, there was one married couple. Of the remaining 5 married individuals, 4 were men; the wives of 3 of them were infected but asymptomatic, and were not included in this report. The rate of conjugal infection was 71 per cent. Most (57%) patients belonged to poor socio-economic background; 78 per cent of patients were young, in the age group 15-25 yr. The presenting STD were syphilis, venereal warts, gonorrhoea, chancroid, genital herpes, non-gonococcal urethritis and candidiasis. It appeared that the course of associated STD had not been altered in these HIV infected individuals.
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PMID:HIV seropositivity among patients with sexually transmitted diseases in Vellore. 222 49

During the past two decades, an explosive growth in both the prevalence and types of sexually transmitted diseases has occurred. Up to 55 percent of homosexual men with anorectal complaints have gonorrhea; 80 percent of the patients with syphilis are homosexuals. Chlamydia is found in 15 percent of asymptomatic homosexual men, and up to one third of homosexuals have active anorectal herpes simplex virus. In addition, a host of parasites, bacterial, viral, and protozoan are all rampant in the homosexual population. Furthermore, the global epidemic of AIDS has produced a plethora of colorectal manifestations. Acute cytomegalovirus ileocolitis is the most common indication for emergency abdominal surgery in the homosexual AIDS population. Along with cryptosporidia and isospora, the patient may present to the colorectal surgeon with bloody diarrhea and weight loss before the diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease. Other patients may present with colorectal Kaposi's sarcoma or anorectal lymphoma, and consequently will be found to have seropositivity for HIV. However, in addition to these protean manifestations, one third of patients with AIDS consult the colorectal surgeon with either condylomata acuminata, anorectal sepsis, or proctitis before the diagnosis of HIV disease. Although aggressive anorectal surgery is associated with reasonable surgical results in some asymptomatic HIV positive patients, the same procedures in AIDS (symptomatic HIV positive) patients will often be met with disastrous results. It is incumbent upon the surgeon, therefore, to recognize the manifestations of HIV disease and diagnose these conditions accordingly.
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PMID:Sexually transmitted diseases of the colon, rectum, and anus. The challenge of the nineties. 224

Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD) surveillance has caught the attention of the Italian public health authorities during the past decades. The spread of HIV infection increased the awareness of the need for a better STD surveillance system. This paper reports a retrospective survey of STD clinics in Italy, intended to form an epidemiological base for further development of STD surveillance. The data for 1986-87 and 1988 on a predefined set of diseases, all of them sexually transmitted, were collected from 85 of 127 centres contacted. The data obtained offer the first national figures for some STD not included in the statutory notification list, such as chlamydial infection, herpes and genital warts, as well as HIV infections. Those data show an increase in time frequencies. For gonorrhoea and syphilis, it was possible to compare our data with statutory notifications, showing a large gap between notified and reported cases. This gap is not stable in time (increasing in time) or in geographical area (increasing from north to south).
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PMID:Sexually transmitted diseases in Italy: clinical returns versus statutory notifications. 224 87

Thirty-nine HIV-negative men, without apparent genital warts, were evaluated for evidence of subclinical genital condylomata by visual examination of the genitalia with colposcopy after the application of 5% acetic acid. 24 patients (group I) had a history of recurrent genital condylomata; 8 (group II) were sexual partners of women with HPV-related lesions and 7 (group III) presented another sexually transmitted disease. Under colposcopic magnification, acetowhite areas were biopsied for conventional histology and in situ hybridization using 6/11, 16/18 and 31/35/51 HPV-DNA probes. Colposcopy and histologic features were positive for condylomata acuminata in 16 patients of group III (14%). HPV 16/18 - whose oncogenic potentiality is well known - was detected in 3 patients: of these, one patient of group I presented a histologic picture suggestive of bowenoid papulosis.
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PMID:[HPV-induced subclinical lesions of the male genitalia. Use of a colposcope]. 225 48

To study the prevalence of oral manifestations, we examined 217 patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Most of our patients were intravenous drug abusers (IVDAs) (65%). Other risk categories were represented by IVDAs who were also male homosexuals or bisexuals (11%), male homosexuals and bisexuals (16%), sexual partners of HIV-infected patients (5%), and hemophilic persons and recipients of blood transfusions (3%). Forty-six patients were women and 171 were men, with a median age of 27 years (range, 11 to 65 years). At the time of first examination, 38% of patients had asymptomatic HIV infection, 36% had lymphadenopathy syndrome, 17% had AIDS-related complex, and 9% had AIDS. Oral manifestations were observed in 89 (41%) patients. Of these, 15 had asymptomatic infection, 23 had lymphadenopathy syndrome, 27 had AIDS-related complex, and 24 had AIDS. Increasing severity of disease was significantly associated with higher prevalence of oral lesions (p less than or equal to 0.0001). Candidiasis was the most common oral lesion, followed by hairy leukoplakia. Kaposi's sarcoma, melanotic macules, herpes labialis, condyloma acuminatum, perioral molluscum contagiosum, and bacterial glossitis due to Escherichia coli infection were found in a small number of patients. Results of culture for fungi, available for 203 patients, revealed that 51% of patients with positive Candida cultures had clinical evidence of candidiasis. Our study demonstrates that oral lesions are also important signs of HIV infection among IVDAs. Early diagnosis of these manifestations is becoming increasingly significant in the practice of dentistry.
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PMID:Prevalence of oral lesions among HIV-infected intravenous drug abusers and other risk groups. 230 43

Between 1985 and 1987, examinations for human immune deficiency virus (HIV) antibody were done on 25,392 prostitutes working in 64 cities throughout the Philippines. The country-wide seropositivity rate among prostitutes based on this sample was 0.8/1,000. Of the HIV cases, 85% were working in just two cities whose prostitute populations comprised 50% of the total sample. The average incidence rate for the same two cities after 1 year was 2.3/1,000. HIV antibody-positive women were enrolled in a case-control study to determine demographic and epidemiologic risk factors. This study involving 34 HIV-positive prostitutes and 61 randomly selected negative control prostitutes did not reveal any risk factors related to sexual or other types of behavior. A history of genital warts, a history of abnormal vaginal discharge, and cytomegalovirus antibody were significantly more frequent in the HIV-positive cases than in the controls; however, by logistic regression analysis, only an abnormal vaginal discharge was independently associated with HIV infection. Absence of any evidence of transmission by blood transfusion or i.v. drug abuse suggests that HIV was introduced by the heterosexual route.
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PMID:Epidemiology of HIV infection among prostitutes in the Philippines. 238 67

We searched in 100 healthy pregnant women by isolation, the presence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Herpes simplex, Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum and Chlamydia trachomatis. Blood was also taken for examination of specific antibodies to these microorganisms. We studied only for antibodies titled Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Treponema pallidum and Human Immunodeficiency Virus, and Condyloma acuminatum by cervical cytology. In 85 adolescents we found 5 (6%) patients with C. trachomatis, four of these patients had another microorganism added, one with N. gonorrhoeae, M. hominis and U. Urealyticum, one with U. urealyticum and the last two with M. hominis and U. urealyticum, In relation to Mycoplasmas 69 (81%) out of 85 had Mycoplasmas, 4 (5%) had M. hominis, 46 (54%) U. urealyticum and 19 (22%) patients had both. The seropositivity to CMV was 96.25%. We didn't find any other microorganism. We concluded that the rate of STD in chilean pregnant adolescent women is high, especially with no traditional bacteria.
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PMID:[Diagnosis of sexually transmitted diseases in Chilean pregnant adolescents]. 249 Jan 69

A sample of 329 prostitutes from the eastern area of Santiago, Chile, who attended the Dermatology Service of the Salvador Hospital in January-February 1988 were studied to determine the current incidence of sexually transmitted disease among prostitutes. Approximately 600 prostitutes attend the service for required monthly health examinations. The 329 women worked in established locales such as saunas, massage parlors, and nightclubs. None were uncontrolled street prostitutes. The average age was 24.3 years. 68% were single, 17% were separated, and 15% were married. Only 14% had no more than primary education, and half had high school or college educations. The average parity was 1.52. 83% used contraception. 31% used oral contraceptives (OCs), 21% used injectables, 24% used IUDs, and 7% used other methods. The average number of sexual contacts per day was 2.87. 54% always used condoms, 36% occasionally did so, and 10% never did so. The estimated number of monthly sexual contracts/woman was 65. 22% of the women had some sort of genital pathology. No cases of HIV infection were seen. 9.7% were diagnosed with trichomonas, 4.6% with unspecified vulvovaginitis, 3.3% with candidiasis, 1.8% with syphilis, 1.5% with gonorrhea, .9% with condyloma acuminata, and .3% with active herpes. The frequency of vaginitis did no appear to be associated with the number of sexual contacts, but other pathologies were more common in women with more partners. Women who always used condoms were only half as likely to have genital pathologies or vaginitis as women who never used condoms.
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PMID:[Prostitutes of the east sector of Santiago: characteristics and pathology of sexual transmission]. 251 76

The variation in attendance at the department of Genitourinary Medicine in Edinburgh was studied for the period 1980 to 1987. A general decrease in the diagnosis of most specific sexually acquired infections is noted, with the exception of genital warts, the incidence of which continues to escalate. These changes initially occurred within the homosexual male attenders, but the general trends have since been reflected by the heterosexual population. The possible effect of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus on sexual awareness within the population as a whole is discussed.
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PMID:Genitourinary medicine in Edinburgh: 1980-1987. 280 97

Anogenital warts of the condyloma acuminatum type seem to occur quite often during HIV infection. These warts--according to our study--are not commonly caused by malignancy-associated human papilloma virus types, but by types 6 and 11 as seen in the nonimmune-compromised population. Widespread condylomata acuminata may appear in rather early stages of HIV infection and they may therefore represent early warning signs of HIV infection.
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PMID:Anogenital warts of the condyloma acuminatum type in HIV-positive patients. 284 Nov 74


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