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Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a member of the herpes virus family, which also includes herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, varicella-zoster virus, and Epstein-Barr virus. CMV is a common viral infection that, in the absence of HIV or other immunocompromising conditions, remains latent and is not associated with serious illness. In immunocompromised people, however, CMV may be a major cause of disease because the suppressed immune system may permit reactivation of the virus. More than ninety percent of people with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) show evidence of prior CMV infection and may continue to harbour inactive or latent virus.
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PMID:Cytomegalovirus retinitis. 759 17

Biopsies of mucous membranes of the alimentary canal in widespread viral infections (measles, chicken pox, HIV infection) in 17 to 40-year-old patients of both sexes were examined. Intracellular oedema and viral particles are found in the epithelial cells. The presence of membrane-granular structures in HIV-infection and their absence in other viral infections is of a different diagnostic importance.
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PMID:[Morphologic characteristics of digestive tract mucosa in virus infections]. 761 91

Lymphocytotoxic autoimmunity (LA) is ubiquitous in AIDS. Its causes are unknown. We report that significant amino acid sequence similarities exist between the proteins of infectious organisms associated with AIDS and the CD4 protein of T-helper lymphocytes. These included: HIV, cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), herpes simplex viruses (HSV), Varicella Zoster virus (VZV), Escherichia coli, Mycobacteria, Mycoplasmas, Plasmodium, and Staphylococcus. It has been reported previously that HIV proteins have significant similarities with human class II MHC (HLA class II) proteins. Since CD4 and HLA class II proteins are chemically complementary, pairs of homologous antigens will also be complementary. It follows that concurrent infections with CD4 and HLA class II-homologous antigens will result in idiotype-antiidiotype antibody pairs that cannot distinguish 'self' from 'nonself', that acts as lymphocytotoxins, and form circulating immune complexes. Thus, combined HIV-CMV, HIV-EBV, HIV-HBV, HIV-mycoplasma, or other appropriate infectious pairs may suffice to trigger LA in AIDS.
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PMID:CD4 similarity to proteins of infectious agents in AIDS and their role in autoimmunity. 773 8

Retinal diseases and destructive eye pathology have been recognized in patients with HIV infections and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Opportunistic viral agents such as herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus, and varicella zoster virus have also been described in severe cases of retinitis. Most of these studies have been carried out in developed countries. This article reports the findings of a Malawian study in which 99 AIDS patients (63 men and 36 women) were examined for retinal pathology. A diagnosis of AIDS required a positive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). 58 patients (58.6%) had pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and 10 others (10.1%) had extrapulmonary TB. Indirect ophthalmoscopy was performed on all patients. 73 patients (73.7%) had normal eye examinations; 1 patient (1.0%) was found to have necrotizing retinitis; only 13 patients (13.1%) showed noninfectious retinopathy. These studies suggest that retinitis is less common in sub-Saharan Africa than in developed countries. Tuberculosis was the most common opportunistic infection found in this study.
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PMID:Retinal findings in Malawian patients with AIDS. 780 51

Non-specific interstitial pneumonia (NIP) occurs frequently in patients with HIV-infection. To elucidate the etiology of this pulmonary disorder, we searched for 13 different microorganisms in transbronchial biopsies from 15 patients with NIP, 15 patients with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) and 20 patients with lung diseases not related to HIV-infection using monoclonal antibodies and the APAAP- or PAP-technique for immunostaining. Chlamydia trachomatis and parainfluenza III were detected frequently and in great number. Adenovirus, influenza B, varicella zoster and cytomegalovirus were also found frequently, but not in great number. Measles virus, respiratory syncytial virus, influenza A and herpesviruses 1&2 were not found. Also not found were parainfluenza I, mycoplasma pneumoniae and coronavirus. In seven out of fifteen NIP patients at least one organism was shown, compared to nine out of fifteen patients with PCP and eight out of twenty patients in the control group.
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PMID:Non-specific interstitial pneumonia (NIP): immunohistologic screening of etiologic agents. 789 90

Treatment of HIV and related malignancies with pharmacologic and biologic agents has not appreciably modified the course of disease. Immunologic impairment remains the critical factor in response. We report the long-term results of a single session of low-flow (0.3 L/min) extracorporeal perfusion hyperthermia on 29 men and 2 women with disseminated Kaposi's sarcoma and profound immunologic impairment. Any antiretroviral drug employed by the patient was stopped 72 hours prior to treatment and withheld during the period of follow-up. Core temperature was raised to 42 degrees C and held for 1 hour with extracorporeal perfusion and ex vivo blood heating to 49 degrees C as the means of temperature control. Of 31 patients, 2 died of complications secondary to treatment (cardiac arrhythmia; CNS bleed). There were two cases of intravascular coagulopathy. Pressure point skin damage may occur despite adequate cushioning. At 30 days posttreatment complete or partial regressions were seen in 20/29 of those treated, with regressions persisting in 14/29 of those treated by 120 days posttreatment. At 360 days, 4/29 maintain tumor regressions with 1 in complete remission (at 26 months). The patient in complete remission remains culture-negative and PCR-negative for HIV. CD4+ counts rose from around 250 to, and remain around, 800 in this man. Selected healed lesions were biopsied to demonstrate tumor absence. Patients were selected for treatment if pretreatment testing of the tumor showed regression in vitro with heat exposure. Analysis of the early and midterm failures showed little sustained rise of the CD4+ cells if presenting total CD4+ counts were below 50 and had been at such low levels for extended periods, although other surrogate markers of HIV activity declined (semiquantitative PCR) during this period and is felt to support the hypothesis of apoptosis proposed in this illness. Analysis of the tumors of the few men not responding demonstrated elevated levels of IL-6 as compared to responders (12 vs < 1 pg/ml). At 120 days 29/31 patients remained alive (expected, 20). At 360 days, 21/31 remained alive (expected, 11). In no patient was HIV activity stimulated with heat exposure. CMV retinitis did clear in some patients treated (both techniques), but treatment alone did not prevent later development of retinopathy. EBV parameters were markedly altered in the short term with heat exposure in some patients. Few patients showed herpes simplex activation. Varicella-zoster virus remitted in some patients. There is utility in the use of systemic hyperthermia to control HIV and related malignancy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Systemic hyperthermia in the treatment of HIV-related disseminated Kaposi's sarcoma. Long-term follow-up of patients treated with low-flow extracorporeal perfusion hyperthermia. 791 57

This is a case report and family study of a 65-year-old man with chronic prurigo lesions, in whom we demonstrated a selective deficiency of circulating T-helper/inducer lymphocytes (CD4+), in the absence of any apparent predisposing disease. He is seronegative for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV types 1 and 2) and human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV-I and HTLV-II), and fulfils the criteria for the syndrome of idiopathic CD4+ T lymphocytopenia. He has an atopic diathesis, has had a severe adult chickenpox infection, chronic staphylococcal infections, tinea pedis and recalcitrant warts. He has also suffered from respiratory infections, for which no specific aetiological agent has been identified. His peripheral total lymphocyte count has been persistently abnormal since it was first measured in 1969. He has a marked CD4+ T-cell lymphocytopenia. His son, who does not have any skin disorder, has a low CD4+ T-cell count.
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PMID:Idiopathic CD4+ lymphocytopenia associated with chronic pruritic papules. 791 13

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) causes severe necrotizing retinitis in patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and other herpesviruses have been implicated in the acute retinal necrosis syndrome (ARN), seen in both the immunocompetent and the immunosuppressed. At present the diagnosis of viral retinitis relies solely on clinical appearances. In order to assess whether the detection of herpesvirus-specific DNA in cell-free vitreous biopsy samples could be useful in the early diagnosis of viral retinitis, vitreous fluid samples were taken from 100 patients. Fifty patients had AIDS as defined by the Centers for Disease Control, (MMWR 36 (suppl 1S):1S-15S, 1987) and retinal disease. The remainder were not known to be HIV infected and had no clinical evidence of retinal infection. Each sample was tested for the presence of CMV, herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and human herpesvirus 6 (HHV6), by amplification of viral DNA using a sensitive and specific nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The presence of detectable CMV or VZV DNA was clearly associated with clinical disease whereas the presence of HSV-1, EBV, and HHV6 sequences were not. Clinical discrimination between CMV- and VZV-associated retinitis was greatly enhanced when the PCR results were taken into consideration.
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PMID:Vitreous fluid sampling and viral genome detection for the diagnosis of viral retinitis in patients with AIDS. 796 43

Four patients with HIV infection and severe immunodeficiency are described who developed atypical varicella zoster lesions. Three of the patients presented with chronic varicella zoster lesions. In two of them such lesions were hyperkeratotic. All three patients had been treated initially with subtherapeutic doses of acyclovir. In one of the patients the lesions were clinically resistant to high dose acyclovir treatment and disappeared only when renal insufficiency developed during foscarnet-famcyclovir treatment. One patient developed a disseminated varicella zoster infection.
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PMID:Atypical varicella zoster infection in persons with HIV infection. 806 71

A child infected with HIV who developed chronic varicella zoster virus infection resistant to acyclovir is presented. The clinical course of the infection, treatment, virological investigations, and relationship of the infection to the child's immunodeficient state are discussed.
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PMID:Acyclovir resistant varicella zoster and HIV infection. 812 36


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