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Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Kaposi's sarcoma and cervical cancer are the most common AIDS-related cancers. Anal cancer, affecting both men and women, has largely been ignored. Since many diseases can occur around the anal area, there are not definitive symptoms to diagnose any abnormal growths. Studies have shown that people living with HIV suffer anal cancer more often than non-infected people and it is more common among gay men and bisexuals. Some forms of human papillomavirus (HPV) are associated with the development of anal cancer. Treatment depends on the severity or the stage of the disease, the strength of the immune system, and the presence of other diseases. Treatments include surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
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PMID:[Anal cancer]. 1136 94

Studies are reinforcing the need for HIV-infected women to continue getting regular gynecologic examinations so that gynecologic complications can be detected early and monitored regularly. HIV-infected women who also have the human papillomavirus are more likely to progress to cervical cancer than their HIV-negative counterparts. Also, HIV-infected women are more likely to have abnormal pap smears and the presence of squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL) compared to women who are HIV-negative. Because pap smears are not always accurate, women who have a history of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) or SIL should probably include a colposcopy with their pap smear. Studies are showing a positive effect of anti-HIV therapy in lowering viral levels in vaginal secretions and in blood and semen in men. HIV RNA levels, however, have increased in vaginal secretions in response to standard treatment for CIN. HIV levels have also been shown to increase in the presence of sexually transmitted diseases, but when HIV viral levels are suppressed, there appears to be a lower susceptibility to gynecologic infections. Since research shows the benefits of early detection and treatment of gynecologic infections or conditions, all women should be aggressive and proactive in maintaining their health through regular gynecologic care.
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PMID:Gynecologic conditions and HIV. 1136 75

Cervical cancer is preventable, and can be cured when detected early. It has long been regarded as a disease of sexually active women, and malignancy in the cervix is now associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) added cervical cancer to its list of AIDS-defining conditions in 1993. Women on immune suppressive therapies experience more HPV-related events, including warts, dysplasia and cancer. HIV-positive women need to continue monitoring their health via Pap smears every six months. Results from several studies are included, as well as guidelines for interpreting Pap results. A table details common treatments for warts.
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PMID:Cervical cancer and women with HIV. 1136 43

The first National AIDS Malignancy Conference was held sixteen years after the first outbreak of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) was noted in the medical press. The conference was devoted to the spectrum of malignancies that occur with AIDS. Researchers were divided on whether KS is tumorigenic or not. Other controversial topics included the use of standard-dose chemotherapy in patients with late-stage HIV infection, screening and aggressive treatments used for precancerous cervical changes, the management of AIDS-related malignancies in patients who are responding well to HIV treatments, and whether some AIDS-related malignancies will be classified as AIDS-defining conditions. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) currently considers KS, lymphoma, and cervical cancer as AIDS-defining malignancies. Specific sections of the conference dealt with pediatric cancers, squamous cell carcinoma, testicular cancer, lung cancer, and Hodgkin's disease.
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PMID:AIDS cancers: conundrums and controversies. 1136 11

The New York City AIDS and tuberculosis surveillance units have shown that they can share databases effectively without compromising confidentiality, although incompatible formats and case definitions are significant hurdles. In the past, the AIDS branch used other disease-specific registries to help identify new cases of AIDS, including those for cryptosporidiosis, tuberculosis, and cervical cancer. A complicating factor is the State's confidentiality laws, which prohibit sharing names of people with AIDS with any other registry. Other self-reporting registries, including tuberculosis, accept a patient's self-reported HIV status without confirmation. The two branches have yielded tips for other health departments to use, including understanding the information that will be gathered, implementing validation studies, and using accurate identifier codes. The cost of matching information may be too high for some departments and should be thoroughly investigated prior to implementation.
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PMID:Optimize AIDS surveillance by sharing databases. 1136 60

Participants in the National AIDS Malignancy Conference grappled with the effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on cancer. HAART has sharply decreased rates of opportunistic infections in a number of studies, but its impact on AIDS is complicated. Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) rates have rapidly declined in the past few years, corresponding to the time that HAART has been the standard of care. However, the effects on non-Hodgkin's lymphoma are mixed. Researchers also report a higher risk of cervical cancer among HIV-positive women. Immune-suppressed populations experience higher rates of cancer than expected, but the correlation between HIV-induced immune suppression and AIDS malignancies is not likely to be worked out soon. Charts show how the rates of HIV-associated KS and primary CNS lymphoma have decreased recently, and show how HHV-8 seropositivity correlates to the number of sexual partners. Researchers are calling for the development of a diagnostic tool similar to Pap smears to identify early cases of anal cancer.
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PMID:Less cancer--or more--with HAART? Or, reflections on a late opus. 1136 31

Women with HIV who have certain gynecologic conditions, such as yeast infections or particular pre-cancerous lesions, may require higher doses of medicine to treat these conditions. Other disorders like gonorrhea, chlamydia, and pelvic inflammatory disease seem to require similar treatment responses for HIV-positive and HIV negative women. Studies validate that women with HIV, especially those with decreasing CD4+ counts, are more likely to have several human papillomavirus (HPV) infections, which can lead to the development of pre-cancerous abnormalities. It is unclear whether highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has any beneficial effects in preventing HPV, however, it has been shown to reduce occurrences of Kaposi's sarcoma. Also, an observational study of 40 people was conducted to examine the effects of HAART on recurrence of genital warts. The findings suggest that relapse rates were directly related to viral load. Longer-term studies are needed to assess the rate of recurrences of cervical cancer in women with HIV. Women with HIV are also encouraged to get screened often for HPV with a pap smear or a colposcopy.
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PMID:Treatment of gynecological conditions in women. 1136 42

A new study presented by Annekathryn Goodman of Massachusetts General Hospital indicates that HIV positive women should receive annual colposcopies, along with Pap smears, to detect abnormal cell growth early. The recommendation is due to the fact that HIV positive women are more likely to have false-negative Pap smears than HIV negative women. In a related development, the FDA approved a new DNA-based blood test to detect human papillomavirus, which is associated with cervical and anal cancer. In addition, the National Cancer Institute (NCI) notified physicians that it has changed its recommendation for cervical cancer treatment. NCI now recommends both chemotherapy and radiation therapy for women with metastasized cervical cancer.
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PMID:Annual colposcopies and pap smears recommended for women with HIV. 1136

Because HIV-infected women are more susceptible to cervical cancer, experts recommend that HIV-positive women have bi-annual pap smears to reduce the margin of error inherent in the test. In a recent study HIV-infected women were shown to have double the rate of false negative pap smears as did HIV-negative women. Also, HIV-positive women with multiple risk factors should follow up their pap smears with an annual colposcopy, a 10-minute procedure usually conducted in a physician's office. However, colposcopies are often not reimbursable by insurance unless pre-cancerous cells are detected in the pap smear.
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PMID:The danger of only using a Pap smear. 1136 62

Licensees of all licensed premises in the Hunter Region of New South Wales, Australia, were offered free services to encourage adoption of health promotion initiatives relating to responsible service of alcohol, environmental tobacco smoke, healthy food choices, breast and cervical cancer prevention, and the prevention of HIV/AIDS. A total of 239 premises participated in the follow-up survey. Increases in prevalence ranged between 11% and 59% for alcohol-related initiatives. The prevalence of smoke-free areas and healthy food choices increased from 32% to 65% and 42% to 96%, respectively, and the provision of cancer prevention information increased from 3% to 59%. Licensed premises represent a particularly challenging sector for health promotion practitioners to work in. The results of this study suggest that the adoption of health promotion initiatives by licensed premises can be increased. A considerable opportunity therefore exists for health promotion practitioners to become more actively involved in facilitating the adoption of such initiatives in this setting.
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PMID:Increasing the practice of health promotion initiatives by licensed premises. 1138 53


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