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Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A cross sectional study involving 357 women, 174 of them sterilized and 183 non-sterilized, with a view to comparing their sexual and reproductive behaviour, was undertaken. The questionnaire was based on previous focus group discussions with both women and men, to find out the best way to approach related questions. The results show that sterilized women-who are older and more often have steady partnerships than non-sterilized women-fulfil traditional gender roles more closely than the others. Furthermore, no sterilized woman had used the condom in the month prior to the interview. It is suggested that public messages for the prevention of the spread of the HIV, sexually-transmissible disease and cervical cancer should target women who have been sterilized for the purpose of increasing the use of the condom in accordance with specific strategies.
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PMID:[Contraceptive choices and experience of sexuality: a comparison between sterilized and non-sterilized women in a metropolitan area of southeastern Brazil]. 926 95

Numerous studies have revealed a higher prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV)--etiologically linked to the development of cervical cancer--in women infected with HIV. This study investigated the association of HPV and HIV among 51 prostitutes in Tegucigalpa, Honduras. 23 were HIV-positive. All participants were in their early thirties, had had at least one pregnancy, and experienced their first pregnancy at a mean age of 16 years. Polymerase chain reaction identified HPV DNA in cervical scrapes from 13 (56.5%) HIV-positive women compared with only 5 (18%) HIV-negative prostitutes (odds ratio, 6.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.5-26.7). In addition, there was a significant association between HIV and a history of other sexually transmitted diseases (p 0.01). Since the progression to invasive cervical disease is more aggressive in HIV-infected women, prostitutes and other women at risk of both these infections should receive frequent cytologic screening and counseling.
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PMID:Association of infections with human immunodeficiency virus and human papillomavirus in Honduras. 928 4

Cervical carcinoma is strongly associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16, and the transforming viral genes E6 and F7 are steadily expressed by the tumor cells. Therefore these viral oncogenes may be regarded as tumor-associated antigens. Our previous studies showed that cervical cancer cells after introduction of the CD80 gene activated allogeneic cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). In this study, we tested whether HPV 16+ cervical tumor cells (CaSki) expressing CD80 were able to activate CTLs recognizing HPV 16 E7 antigen. To this end, CD80+ CaSki cells (HLA-A*0201+) were used to stimulate peripheral blood T lymphocytes from HLA-A*0201+ healthy donors. We found that the activated T cells were able to lyse parental CaSki cells as well as Epstein-Barr virus-immortalized autologous B cells loaded with HLA-A*0201-restricted E7 peptides (amino acids 11-19, 82-90, 86-93). In contrast, no lysis was observed against target cells loaded with a control HIV-reverse transcriptase peptide (amino acid 476-484, HLA-A 0201-restricted). Our data, for the first time, provide evidence that CD80-expressing cervical cancer cells are able to activate tumor-specific CTLs using HPV 16 E7 as tumor-associated antigens.
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PMID:Cervical carcinoma cells transfected with the CD80 gene elicit a primary cytotoxic T lymphocyte response specific for HPV 16 E7 antigens. 940 8

We are giving an overview over the clinical features and different therapeutic options of HIV associated malignancies. There are three AIDS-defining malignancies: - Kaposi's sarcoma - Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) - cervical cancer. In Kaposi sarcoma there is a broad therapeutic spectrum from cryotherapy to systemic chemotherapy depending on the site and stage of the Kaposi sarcoma. In NHL early therapeutic intervention is necessary because of the fast progress of the tumor. The cervical cancer in HIV-infected women seems to be more aggressive than in non-infected and also needs early therapeutic intervention. Many other tumors seem to occur more frequently in patients with HIV infection: anorectal cancer, malignant testicular tumors, lung cancer, Hodgkin's lymphoma, basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and even malignant melanoma. The cancer incidence in HIV-patients seems to be higher among nonblacks. Most of the immunodeficiency associated tumors are virus induced and they are accompanied by a persistent viral infection, including HHV-8 in Kaposi's sarcoma; Epstein Barr virus (EBV) in NHL; and human papillomavirus (HPV) in cervical cancer. But there are also types of virus induced tumors which are not frequently associated with HIV-infection like the primary hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with hepatitis B virus infection.
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PMID:Clinical manifestations and therapies of AIDS associated tumors. 950 54

Anal cancer is more commonly found in homosexual and bisexual men than cervical cancer is in women. Invasive anal cancer may be preceded by anal squamous intraepithelial lesions (ASIL), and treatment of ASIL may prevent the development of anal cancer. We characterized the prevalence and risk factors for ASIL in 346 HIV-positive and 262 HIV-negative homosexual men. Anal cytology, biopsy of visible anal lesions, and human papillomavirus (HPV) tests were performed, and data on HIV serostatus, CD4 count, and medical and lifestyle history were collected. ASIL was diagnosed in 36% of HIV-positive men and 7% of HIV-negative men (relative risk [RR] = 5.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.6-8.9). Among HIV-positive men, the RR for ASIL increased with lower CD4 levels but was elevated even in men with CD4 levels >500/mm3 (RR = 3.8; 95% CI, 2.1-6.7) when compared with HIV-negative men. High-level HPV infection, as measured by detection of both hybrid capture (HC) group A and group B types, was another significant risk factor for ASIL in both HIV-positive men (RR = 8.8; 95% CI, 2.3-35) and HIV-negative men (RR = 20; 95% CI, 5.5-71) when compared with HC-negative men. HIV-negative men with anal HPV infection and HIV-positive men, regardless of CD4 level, are at high risk for ASIL.
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PMID:Anal squamous intraepithelial lesions in HIV-positive and HIV-negative homosexual and bisexual men: prevalence and risk factors. 952 32

This is the first case-control study to determine whether smoking is associated with cervical dysplasia, after adjustment for human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, among a group of non-Hispanic black women. Subjects were interviewed and asked questions about smoking and other risk factors for cervical cancer. HPV infection was determined by hybrid capture. Thirty-two women with histologically confirmed incident dysplasia and 113 control women with normal cytologic smears were enrolled; all women were HIV negative. Smoking was more strongly associated with dysplasia among women with high-grade lesions than among all case women combined. After adjustment, women with high-grade lesions were roughly four times more likely to be ever (odds ratio [OR]: 3.8; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.76-18.4) or current (OR: 4.3; 95% CI: 0.83-21.9) smokers, compared with control women. Larger studies among black women that control for HPV infection are needed to confirm these findings and to explore associations among black women with low-grade lesions.
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PMID:Cigarette smoking and cervical dysplasia among non-Hispanic black women. 954 31

The Unit of the anatomo-pathology in the "Institut Pasteur de Madagascar" (IPM) examined in the period from September 1992 to June 1996 tissue specimens from 10,275 patients. Tumorous pathology presented 40% of the tissues and half of which were of malign etiology. 64% of the cancer diagnosed were in females. Cervical cancer was most frequently observed (17%), followed by breast cancer (16%). Cancer in the gastro-intestinal tract (15%) was most often located in the colon without sex difference. Stomach cancer occurring predominantly in males presented 25% of the total cases of cancer in the gastro-intestinal tract. Cancer of liver is rarely diagnosed despite the high prevalence of infection with hepatitis B virus. Skin cancer constituted 9% of the malign diagnosis and was mainly found in males. Children under 15 years old presented 7.4% of the total cases of malignancy with the haematopoietic tissues (30%) and the eyes (17%) as the most frequent topic locations. Due to a very low seroprevalence of the HIV in Madagascar, malign tumours associated to AIDS were only seen in a few rare cases. The review of cancer cases in the IPM may not be representative for the cancer epidemiology of Madagascar because of a general very low level of health care coverage, especially in the rural areas. Furthermore, a major part of the specimens originates from easily accessible organsystems, whereas other organs seem less investigated due to lack of appropriate available technique. Therefore, it is not feasible for the moment to establish a cancer register in Madagascar, although the Unit of Pathology in the IPM can offer a valid cancer diagnostical service.
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PMID:[Cancer in Madagascar. Experience of the Institut Pasteur de Madagascar from September 1992 to June 1996]. 955 50

The factors associated with cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs) and invasive cervical cancer were assessed in case-control studies of women from 3 outpatient gynecology clinics in Abidjan, Ivory Coast. Enrolled were 151 women with low-grade SILs and 151 controls, 60 women with high-grade SILs and 240 controls, and 13 women with invasive cervical cancer and 65 controls. Human papillomavirus (HPV) was detected in 75% of the high-grade SILs and cancers compared to 20% in the age-matched control groups. In the multivariate analysis, low-grade SILs were associated with HPV positivity, HIV-1 seropositivity, and parity above 3; for high-grade SIL, these risk factors were HPV positivity, chewing tobacco, HIV-1 seropositivity, and illiteracy. Cervical cancer was associated only with HPV positivity. Women infected with both HPV and HIV-1 were at a significantly higher risk of SILs than women infected with only one of these two viruses. These findings suggest that the association of SILs with HIV-1 infection is primarily explained by HPV infection and that HIV-infected African women may not live to reach the invasive stage of cervical cancer. The feasibility of cervical screening directed preferentially to African women with a low educational level or multipara merits assessment.
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PMID:Human papillomavirus and human immunodeficiency virus infections: relation with cervical dysplasia-neoplasia in African women. 959 Jan 21

To understand the nature of ethical issues in community-based health care programs, we conducted a mail survey of subjects who were public health nurses employed by municipal governments. The questionnaire consisted of questions about data collection, usage, disclosure, and educational experience. In 1996 we received 536 completed questionnaires which were then analyzed. Regarding who should input data into computers, the number of those who considered that municipal offices other than public health nurses would be the most appropriate for the input of examination data was the largest, followed by those who felt that contracting out was best. Many of the public health nurses considered that they needed to obtain informed consent for collection, usage and disclosure of sensitive items, such as data on HIV infection. The number of those considering that they could not disclose results of examinations to other community-based specialists in health and welfare without the subject's agreement was very high. In health examination programs, the public health nurses requested information on date of birth and occupations, but there was some hesitation in requesting the latter information. Although about a half of subjects responded that they did not require data concerning the first sexual intercourse in cervical cancer screening, 90 percent asked breast feeding history in breast cancer screening. Approximately 90 percent gave results of the examination to participants personally through personal communication or mail. Of the respondents, 40 percent reported having had educational courses on ethics while the others did not. There were some responses that reminded us of the unsatisfactory level of understanding about ethical issues, which underlined the need to emphasize importance, of including this in educational curricula.
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PMID:[Ethical issues regarding individual data collection and utilization in community health care programs]. 962 51

Latinas are among the poorest members of this society, and are not only exposed to greater health risks, but are less likely to have access to health care services. Both HIV infection and cervical cancer are associated with low socioeconomic status, and both have also been linked with sexual transmission. Because of their overrepresentation among the poor, Latinas are at greater risk of cervical cancer, and have also been identified as being at higher risk of HIV/AIDS. Since neither the economic status of Latinas nor the health services available to them are likely to improve within the near future, Latinas are a critical target for health promotion and prevention. This paper documents the urgent need for prevention of cervical cancer and AIDS in the Latina community and makes recommendations for gender-sensitive and culturally competent public health social work practice at the individual, community, and policy-making levels.
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PMID:Latinas and sexually transmitted diseases: implications of recent research for prevention. 971 83


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