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Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In two women (aged 30 and 39), both addicted to heroin and HIV seropositive, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and infiltrating squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix respectively were diagnosed. Treatment consisted of exconisation and radiotherapy respectively. Adding invasive cervical carcinoma to the AIDS-defining conditions and CIN II and CIN III to the symptomatic HIV-related conditions emphasis the importance of gynaecological care for HIV-infected women. Clear treatment guidelines for distinct patient groups still have to be defined.
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PMID:[AIDS, also a gynecological diagnosis]. 775 37

A case of cervix uterine carcinoma concomitant with HIV infection was described. The patient was treated with radical radiation therapy and the course of the neoplastic disease was not modified for the HIV infection. The tolerance and final result of the treatment, and the importance of the early screening of the HIV infection and the carcinoma of the cervix uterine was discussed.
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PMID:[Advanced cervix uteri carcinoma in a patient with acquired human immunodeficiency virus infection. Case report and review of the literature]. 778 49

We assessed the utility of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in 50 consecutive HIV-negative patients with clinical and radiographic findings suggestive of PTB, but with negative microscopy for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) on sputum smear. Patients were grouped, using a scoring system, into relative likelihoods of having PTB (I-IV, in descending probability). Patients were started on anti-tuberculosis treatment according to the BAL results. Bacteriological diagnosis of PTB was confirmed in 22/50 BAL; 11 (91.6%), seven (37%) and four (40%) of groups I-III, respectively. In 13 cases, an early diagnosis of PTB was made by positive microscopy for AFB on BAL; an alternative diagnosis was made in six cases (bacterial pneumonia 4, carcinoma 2). A decision analysis model was created to assess the overall utility of BAL. This suggested that in a region of high PTB prevalence, and when the clinical diagnosis of PTB is likely, empirical treatment is the best course of action, with BAL being reserved for further investigation of non-responders. Early BAL should be considered when the diagnosis of PTB is uncertain.
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PMID:Bronchoalveolar lavage in pulmonary tuberculosis: a decision analysis approach. 779 77

There is evidence that, in addition to Kaposi's sarcoma, high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and invasive cervical carcinoma (the only malignancies diagnostic per se of AIDS), other tumors have been occurring in the HIV setting, often with peculiar clinicopathologic characteristics. Because the survival of patients with HIV infection has improved owing to the better prevention and management of opportunistic infections, it is highly likely that these malignancies will increase in the next few years. The study of these tumors will help us better understand the relationship between the prolonged immunosuppression and the development of tumors.
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PMID:Other cancers in HIV-infected patients. 782 55

This review discusses recent insights into the roles of the p53 tumor-suppressor gene and growth factors in the development of ovarian cancer and describes the genes implicated in familial ovarian cancer syndromes related to the MSH2 (Lynch II) and BRCA1 (breast and ovarian cancer) genes. Evidence of the monoclonality of ovarian cancer, which contrasts with data supporting the polyclonal origin of primary peritoneal carcinoma, is presented. Finally, the roles of the human papillomavirus and the HIV virus in the etiology of cervical cancer are analyzed in view of the growing importance of this HIV-associated cancer and the poor outcome in these patients.
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PMID:Advances in the biology of gynecologic cancer. 782 56

The incidence of conjunctival squamous-cell carcinoma in Kampala, Uganda, was 6/million/year from 1970 until 1988, and it has increased to 35/million/year in 1992. Between February 1990 and February 1991, HIV tests were performed on all 48 patients who presented with conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma of the eye. A comparison was made with matched controls suffering from other eye diseases. 36 (75%) of the cancer patients were seropositive as compared with 9 (19%) of the controls. The cancerous tumors started as a whitish swelling in the limbus and rapidly increased in size. This study showed a relative risk for conjunctival tumors associated with HIV infection of 13:0. It appears from the scarcity of reports that these tumors are uncommon in HIV-infected subjects in the US and Europe. This would reflect the fact that before the AIDS epidemic, these tumors were more common in equatorial Africa than elsewhere, leading to the possibility that the combination of HIV-induced immunosuppression, conjunctival papilloma virus infections, and intense exposure to ultraviolet light may hasten the development of these tumors.
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PMID:Conjunctival squamous-cell carcinoma associated with HIV infection in Kampala, Uganda. 761 36

Kaposi's sarcoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and cervical carcinoma are the malignancies most clearly associated with HIV infection. Other malignancies with no established association with immunodeficiency, in particular, lung cancer and germ-cell malignancies, also occur in persons with HIV infection, and there is clear overlap in the demographic characteristics of patients with these tumors and HIV-infected individuals. Compared with lung cancer in the general population, lung cancer in HIV-infected patients presents at a younger age, with more advanced disease, and more commonly with adenocarcinoma. No correlations between degree of immunodeficiency and stage of lung cancer at presentation or duration of survival have been established. Patients with and without HIV infection who develop germ-cell malignancies are similar in presentation and tumor histology. Treatment for germ-cell malignancies is well-tolerated and appropriate for HIV-infected patients.
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PMID:Cancers not associated with immunodeficiency in HIV infected persons. 791 42

Anorectal lesions in patients carrying the HIV virus are uncommon (13%, in our personal life, 1 women/15 men). The following raise the possibility of AIDS: Kaposi sarcoma, non Hodgkin's lymphoma and also with the young patients, intraepithelial dysplasia, in situ carcinoma or squamous carcinoma of the anus. Other anorectal lesions encountered in proctology, should lead to suspicion of HIV infection: anal involvement in STD, florid papillomatosis, the most frequent lesion in his serious form which recur on a interminable bases, extensive and chronic herpes, lesions refractory to standard treatment, megalovirus and ulcers. Date by history indicating sexual habits, toxicomania as well as the existence of chronic diarrhea and full physical examination scoking enlarged lymph nodes are all factors to be taken into consideration in support of the diagnosis. Apart from painful emergencies justifying immediate surgery, indications for surgery should be weighed in terms of the patient's general condition, the stage of advancement of the disease and expected benefit in terms of patient comfort.
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PMID:[Update of anal-perineal and rectal lesions observed in AIDS]. 801 11

We report a 42-year-old HIV-negative patient with a 12-year history of exceptionally extensive genital warts and coexisting verrucous carcinoma of the anogenital region (Buschke-Loewenstein tumour). Masses of both tumour and viral papillomas infiltrated the external genitalia, perineum and buttocks, pelvic diaphragm and parts of the lesser pelvis, as well as the urethra, prostate and parts of the urinary bladder, necessitating repeated surgical intervention and plastic reconstruction. Adjuvant interferon-alpha therapy was given without any lasting effects. Human papillomavirus type 6 was detected by DNA in situ hybridization and Southern blot analysis.
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PMID:Buschke-Loewenstein tumour infiltrating pelvic organs. 812 76

The human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) tat gene encodes a protein of critical importance for viral transcription. In addition, Tat has been shown capable of entering cells, stimulating cell proliferation, and altering host cell gene expression. We examined the effect of Tat on the expression of the transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha) gene in MDA468 human breast carcinoma cells. We showed that these cells were capable of supporting the activation of the HIV-1 long terminal repeat by Tat. Then, in cotransfection assays, in which the TGF-alpha promoter was linked to a luciferase reporter gene and the tat gene was expressed under the control of the SV40 early promoter, we showed that tat gene expression increased TGF-alpha-luciferase reporter function but only in cells stimulated with epidermal growth factor (EGF). The effects of tat and EGF were dose dependent. To confirm these cotransfection data, Tat was expressed in Escherichia coli as a fusion protein with glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and purified on glutathione-agarose. GST-Tat was introduced into the MDA468 cells either in the presence of chloroquine or by scrape loading. The biological activity of GST-Tat was tested on cells that had been stablely transfected with the HIV-1 long terminal repeat linked to luciferase as a reporter. GST-Tat was then introduced into the cells, and the level of TGF-alpha mRNA was determined.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Human immunodeficiency virus 1 Tat stimulates transcription of the transforming growth factor alpha gene in an epidermal growth factor-dependent manner. 812 96


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