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Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Forty-one patients routinely attending the Oxford Haemophilia Centre entered a controlled, blind investigation in order to determine whether HIV antibody status was related to the presence of skin disease. Twenty-four of the 41 patients (58.5%) were HIV antibody positive and none had any general symptoms. Comparison of the HIV antibody positive group with the HIV antibody negative group and with non-haemophiliac controls showed an increased prevalence of four HIV-associated dermatoses: 11 patients had seborrhoeic dermatitis (10 HIV antibody positive and one HIV antibody negative (P less than 0.05 chi 2 test], eight patients had folliculitis (six HIV antibody positive), four patients had mucocutaneous candidiasis, all were HIV antibody positive, and three patients had onychomycosis, all were HIV antibody positive. None of these conditions was seen in a group of 16 non-haemophiliac controls. These findings are different from those reported from a similar study of comparable groups of homosexual men and these results may be further evidence to support the belief that the behaviour of HIV infection differs between haemophiliacs and other risk groups.
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PMID:Skin disease in haemophiliacs with and without antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV): further evidence of altered disease behaviour in different risk groups? 252 53

The high prevalence of seborrheic dermatitis in HIV-infected subjects has led to intensified the discussion of the etiopathogenesis of this dermatological disease. There is increasing controversy about the significance of Pityrosporum in seborrheic dermatitis. On the other hand, recent clinical and experimental data favor the role of intestinal candidiasis in seborrheic dermatitis: a high quantity of Candida in the feces of the affected patients, elevated phospholipase activity of the Candida sp. with special pathogenic relevance for mucosal adhesion and fast and long-lasting regression of seborrheic dermatitis after vigorous therapy with oral nystatin. Similar findings have been recorded in the seborrheic forms of psoriasis.
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PMID:[The significance of yeasts in seborrheic eczema]. 253 89

The prognostic and diagnostic importance of certain cutaneous lesions in HIV infection is discussed. In own patients of interest was the frequency of oral candidiasis (30%) and extensive seborrhoeic changes and persistent eruptions of the type of molluscum contagiosum in a patient with the AIDS-dementia complex which were associated with oropharyngeal candidiasis.
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PMID:[Diagnostic and prognostic significance of various changes in the skin and mucous membranes in HIV infection]. 253 24

Seventy-five consecutive HIV-infected patients, including 33 AIDS cases were examined. One or more oral mucosal lesions were observed in 57 (76%); candidiasis was the most common finding (52%). Others included hairy leukoplakia (16%), periodontal disease (16%) and Kaposi's sarcoma (4%). Diversity of study design and methods allowed no reliable comparison with other reports.
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PMID:Oral manifestations of HIV infection in 75 Dutch patients. 254 71

20 patients (18 men, 2 women), 10 of whom were HIV +, were given Fluconazole (F) for either systemic candidiasis (13 cases), histoplasmosis (1), or cryptococcosis (6). The localization of the Candida infections (12 C. albicans, 1 C. tropicalis), were: septicemic (2), urinary (7), bronchial (2), esophageal (5), uveal (1), soft tissue (2), and 1 undetermined localization but a positive serology (1). On day (d) 1, Candidiasis patients were given an initial dose of 400 mg (for septicemia) or 200 mg (other localizations) of FIV or PO, then 200 or 100 mg per d. The length of treatment lasted from 28 to 70 d. Evolution was favorable in all the patients. 4 relapses occurred after the end of treatment: at 10 d, a septicemic candidiasis (C. tropicalis) in 1 patient who had prosthetic endocarditis; and at 1 month, digestive candidiasis in 3 HIV + patients. For the patient, infected by Histoplasma capsulatum, despite a clinical improvement, urine were still positive at day 75. The patients with cryptococcosis (5 meningitidis in the AIDS patients) and renal (1) (kidney transplant) were given on the average 400 mg a d, IV or PO (mean length 8 weeks). Only 5 patients were evaluable. For 2 of the meningitis patients with other localizations, standard treatment was instituted due to the persistence of positive cultures. For the 2 other patients, the cerebrospinal fluid (1) and the urine (1) were sterilized by the 3d week. But they relapsed 1 month after the treatment stopped. For the 18 patients evaluable, clinical and biological tolerance was good except for 1 patient with transaminases rise for which fluconazole was probably the cause.
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PMID:[Value of fluconazole in the treatment of systemic yeast infection]. 255 80

Intravenous drug users (IVDUs) account for more than 64% of the total AIDS cases in Italy. The IVDUs' seropositivity rate is greater than 70% in Milan and greater than 50% in the main cities of Italy. The first evidence of seropositivity in this population dates back to 1979. In a cohort study performed in Milan the rate of progression to overt AIDS among IVDUs was 6% in 3 years (1984-1987). At presentation, more than 75% of the subjects had CD4+ cell counts higher than 400/mm3 (mean 631, median 528, mode 465). These values are significantly higher than those observed in the same population in New York, the only American city with HIV-infection spread comparable to that observed in Milan. The probability of having CD4+ cell counts lower than 400, 300, and 200/mm3 in relation to the length of follow-up was, respectively, 50, 40, and 2% after 36 months from presentation. At the same end point, subjects presenting less than 400 CD4+ cells at entry had 30% probability of falling under 200 cell/mm3. The pattern of CD4+ cells, as much as the low percentage of yearly progression to overt AIDS, is probably related to the recent, even if rapid, spread of infection among IVDUs in Italy. The clinical features of overt AIDS present some differences between IVDUs and other at-risk groups. Among U.S. IVDUs with AIDS, Kaposi's sarcoma is infrequent (2.9% vs 27.7% in homosexual men) while mycotic infections such as deep candidiasis and cryptococcosis are significantly more frequent. The same pattern has been observed in our case file in Milan: esophageal candidiasis represents the most frequent cause of diagnosis of overt AIDS. Mycotic infections, overall, are more frequent than in U.S. IVDUs. The increased rate of mycotic infections among IVDUs might be justified by altered functions of nonspecific immunity, such as PMNL killing and phagocytosis of Candida albicans spores, impaired in HIV-infected IVDUs, but generally normal in infected subjects belonging to the other at-risk groups.
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PMID:Clinical and immunological aspects of HIV infection in drug addicts. 256 42

Three cases of oesophageal candidiasis in association with primary HIV infection are described. In each case the candidiasis was associated with a decreased number of circulating CD4+ cells and responded well to treatment with ketoconazole. Clinicians should be aware that severe opportunistic infections may develop during this stage of infection, presumably as a result of transient immunodeficiency. We argue that the definition of primary HIV infection should be extended to include severe opportunistic infections and neurologic presentations.
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PMID:Severe clinical manifestations of primary HIV infection. 257 13

In Nairobi (Kenya) 334 women prostitutes of whom 80.5% were HIV-1 positive, were examined for oral mucosal lesions; 15.6% of seropositive, and 4.6% of seronegative, women had oral mucosal lesions, predominantly oral candidiasis. In the seropositives, 8.6% had erythematous, 1.1% had hyperplastic candidiasis, and 0.4% had hairly leukoplakia as the only oral lesions; 0.4% had a combination of erythematous and hyperplastic candidiasis, and 1.5% had combinations of pseudomembranous and erythematous candidiasis in the presence of hairly leukoplakia. Of the 211 seropositive women for whom we knew the first date on which a positive serologic test was obtained, the likelihood of developing an oral mucosal lesion was found to be dependent on the duration of seropositivity. The low incidence of oral mucosal lesions in this population may be due to the relatively recent acquisition of HIV-1 infection.
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PMID:Low prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in HIV-1 seropositive African women. 258 5

All health care providers must become increasingly aware of the early signs and symptoms of AIDS as KS frequently appears in the head, neck, and oral regions. Dentists are responsible for recognizing these lesions, especially the early lesions, providing dental treatment as appropriate, and for referring patients with AIDS for counseling and treatment that cannot be provided in their office. Early detection of KS is particularly important for patients receiving dental treatment. The dentist must be careful not to further compromise the patient's health by extensive or stressful dental treatment and to prevent intraoperative or postoperative complications. Early supportive and palliative care will improve the patient's prognosis. Dental care will help HIV-infected patients and those with AIDS to avoid caries and periodontal disease. In addition, regular dental care will enable the dentist in the early diagnosis of the disease's oral manifestations, such as candidiasis, hairy leukoplakia, KS, or other oral opportunistic infection. Treatment of these conditions can significantly improve the patients' quality of life and their chances for survival. When universal precautions are used for infection control in the dental office there is no reason that comprehensive dental care cannot be provided for HIV infected patients--both for those that we know are infected and for those that are infected and we don't know about.
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PMID:Kaposi's sarcoma in patients with AIDS. 259 92

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was analysed in 170 AIDS patients. All of them showed HIV positive serological tests. All of them showed neurologic syndromes related to AIDS. The time period of the investigation was July 1984-April 1989. In 8 cases (4.7%) CSF composition was normal. Lymphoma cells were observed in three cases. Aseptic meningities occurred in 34 cases (20.1%). Aetiological diagnosis of associated infection was established in 88 cases: cryptococcosis in 28 (35.9%); toxoplasmosis in 20 (25.6%); syphilis in 10; candidiasis in 3; Chagas disease in 2; tuberculosis in 1; nocardiosis in 1; schistosomiasis in 1. Antibodies for other virus were detected in 7. Bacteria were isolated in 5 cases. Anti-HIV antibodies were tested in CSF samples of 55 cases: they were found in 48 (87.3%). Two or more associated infections were observed in 15 cases. Changes of CSF composition in AIDS are discussed taking into account changes reported.
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PMID:[Cerebrospinal fluid abnormalities in 170 cases of AIDS]. 261 10


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