Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The objectives of this preliminary study were to determine the prevalence of oral candidal carriage and infection in a group of HIV-positive individuals and compare the humoral immune responses in serum and saliva in this group with a control group of HIV-negative subjects. Patients were examined clinically with particular reference to the presence of candidal lesions and oral swabs taken to identify carriers. Venous blood and whole saliva were obtained for estimation of total and anti-Candida antibody levels. Pseudomembranous candidiasis was the commonest clinical variant in HIV-positive individuals. Candida albicans was the commonest species isolated in both groups. Increased levels of anti-Candida IgG were found in both serum and saliva of HIV-negative individuals who were either carriers of Candida species or had clinical candidiasis. This was associated with a reciprocal fall in anti-Candida IgA. Similar trends were seen in HIV-positive individuals in association with candidal carriage and infection, although the changes were more marked.
 ...
PMID:Alteration of humoral responses to Candida in HIV infection. 218 11

HIV-infected patients are prone to frequent opportunistic infections (OI). Their fundamental differences to infections in the immunocompetent host are explained. The most frequent OI is pneumonia caused by pneumocystis carinii. A brief overview on diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of encephalitis due to toxoplasma gondii, candidiasis, meningitis due to cryptococcus neoformans, tuberculosis, infection by atypical mycobacteria, infection by viruses of the herpes group--in particular cytomegalovirus--and cryptosporidiosis is given.
 ...
PMID:[Opportunistic infections in HIV-infected patients]. 218 21

Nearly all patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) will develop cutaneous or mucous membrane manifestations. Oral cavity lesions associated with HIV disease include candidiasis, hairy leukoplakia and Kaposi's sarcoma. Skin infections such as herpes simplex, herpes zoster, molluscum contagiosum, Staphylococcus aureus folliculitis and warts are often more severe than usual and may be refractory to therapy. Seborrheic dermatitis is the most common cutaneous eruption. The appearance of Kaposi's sarcoma in a patient younger than 60 years of age or in any individual with laboratory evidence of HIV infection is diagnostic of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Serious drug reactions may occur, despite the depressed cellular immunity associated with HIV infection.
 ...
PMID:Dermatologic manifestations of HIV infection. 219 Apr 55

Oral candidiasis, an opportunistic infection increasingly often met, includes many clinical aspects where oral thrush is the best known. The etiology is often iatrogenic but candidiasis also represents the most frequent opportunistic infection in HIV infection. To avoid recurrences, therapy must begin with elimination of factors which have promoted its development. Imidazoles appear to furnish the most effective antifungal therapy.
 ...
PMID:[Oral candidiasis: epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment]. 219 82

Several signs of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, such as candidiasis, hairy leukoplakia, and Kaposi's sarcoma, may first appear in the mouth. The dentist is in a unique position to detect the oral manifestations of HIV infection. The purpose of this review article is to provide the dentist with baseline knowledge concerning the oral manifestations of HIV infection, to help the dentist identify such lesions, and to contribute to the early diagnosis and timely treatment of HIV-positive individuals.
 ...
PMID:Oral manifestations of HIV infection, Part I. 219 9

In the course of the infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), we frequently observe disorders of the mucous membranes and, occasionally, they present the first manifestation of HIV-induced immunodeficiency. Like in other organs, opportunistic infections and malignant tumors prevail as a result of the impaired immune system. Opportunistic infections are characterized by frequency (candidiasis), aggressive expansion, persistence, frequent recurrences, and resistance to therapy (gingivitis, parodontitis, herpes simplex, warts). Oral hairy leucoplakia is considered a specific lesion of HIV infection. Malignant tumors, such as Kaposi's sarcoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and squamous cell carcinoma, may cause marked morbidity in AIDS patients; occasionally, the clinical picture of Kaposi's sarcoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is rather uncharacteristic. Other manifestations on the mucous membranes may arise in association with systemic reactions, such as drug eruptions, thrombocytopenic purpura, or acute HIV infection. The etiology of still other lesions of the mucous membranes (e.g. chronic recurrent ulcers, xerostomia, disorders of pigmentation) is incompletely understood. The awareness of these disorders of the mucous membranes in HIV infection is of diagnostic, therapeutic and epidemiological importance.
 ...
PMID:[AIDS--mucous membrane manifestations]. 220 62

It is important that both physicians and dentists recognize the earliest signs of HIV infection in order that a timely diagnosis and patient referral can be made for counseling and treatment. Candidiasis, hairy leukoplakia, and Kaposi's sarcoma are the most common oral manifestations, but there are other important lesions as well. They include severe necrotizing periodontitis, bacterial and viral infections, lymphomas, and carcinomas. The various oral lesions seen in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome are reviewed and managements are discussed.
 ...
PMID:Oral manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus infection. 220 71

In a prospective, systematic investigation, 2215 new patients with sexually transmitted diseases (STD) were screened for human immuno deficiency virus (HIV) infection during April 1986 to December 1988. Among them 9 were positive for HIV antibody giving a rate of 4/1000. In addition, 5 patients had been referred to our clinic with a diagnosis of HIV infection and STD. Among these 14, there was one married couple. Of the remaining 5 married individuals, 4 were men; the wives of 3 of them were infected but asymptomatic, and were not included in this report. The rate of conjugal infection was 71 per cent. Most (57%) patients belonged to poor socio-economic background; 78 per cent of patients were young, in the age group 15-25 yr. The presenting STD were syphilis, venereal warts, gonorrhoea, chancroid, genital herpes, non-gonococcal urethritis and candidiasis. It appeared that the course of associated STD had not been altered in these HIV infected individuals.
 ...
PMID:HIV seropositivity among patients with sexually transmitted diseases in Vellore. 222 49

Nine black children aged between 3 months and 30 months of age, with human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-I) infection are described to draw the attention of health professionals in southern Africa to special clinical characteristics useful for recognising this problem, which has many shared features with common diseases of infancy and childhood in the Third World. The main presenting complaints were chronic cough and persistent diarrhoea and vomiting. These children frequently had diarrhoea (8 of 9 patients), mucocutaneous candidiasis (8), pneumonia (7), hepatosplenomegaly (9), significant lymphadenopathy (5) and wasting (5). All were infected by common bacteria, such as Gram-negative organisms, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Campylobacter jejuni, or by opportunistic infections such as Candida or cytomegalovirus (CMV), or by both bacterial and opportunistic organisms. A raised total serum globulin level, anaemia, lymphopenia and a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis were frequent findings. Incomplete data on parental HIV status suggest perinatal transmission. Three of the children were HIV-antigen positive. The diagnosis of full-blown acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), using the stringent Centers for Disease Control criteria, is difficult in our situation because of limited diagnostic resources; however, using these criteria, and the clinical case definition for AIDS recommended by World Health Organisation, it is thought that probably 4 of these children could be considered as having AIDS.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Some early observations on HIV infection in children at King Edward VIII Hospital, Durban. 223 85

Gastrointestinal disease is the commonest presentation of AIDS in the Third World. Diarrhoea and weight loss are particularly common. Although many pathogens may be found, chronic cryptosporidiosis is the most frequent and there remains no specific effective therapy. Isospora belli is found in less than 10% of cases, but may be treated with cotrimoxazole, and long-term maintenance treatment to prevent relapse is effective. Oral disease, especially with candidiasis, is increasingly recognized and may be controlled with topical antifungal agents. The outlook for patients in the Third World who present with gastrointestinal opportunistic infections associated with HIV infection is particularly dismal. Specific antiviral therapy, which has at least brought some hope and longer survival to patients in developed countries, remains largely unavailable in the Third World.
 ...
PMID:Gastroenterological aspects of AIDS in the Third World. 228 82


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>