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Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The Nebraska Court of Appeals has ruled to allow a child to remain in his foster home, even though his foster mother is HIV-positive. The Court found that the Department of Social Services must consider the best interests of the 4-year-old boy, [name removed]., regardless of the fact that the foster mother initially attempted to conceal her HIV status. [Name removed]. was placed up for adoption at age three months. The foster parents were regarded as ideal candidates for eventual adoption until it was determined that the foster mother was HIV-positive. Chief Judge Richard Sievers stated that the only standard applicable in this case was the determination of [name removed].'s best interests, and held that the current living arrangements would not place [name removed]. at risk for exposure to HIV. Attorneys for the Department of Social Services argued that since [name removed].'s biological mother was a diagnosed schizophrenic, the foster mother's premature death could trigger mental illness. There was more evidence against the state's plan to remove [name removed] [name removed]. from his foster home than evidence to support it. The Court found no precedent for removing a foster child from a foster home based on the parents' HIV status.
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PMID:Court says foster child may stay with HIV-positive mother. 1136 58

Although the advent of protease inhibitors has greatly extended the life expectancy of those living with HIV, they also have introduced the problems of emotionally dealing with a chronic illness. Depression appears to be the most common psychiatric disorder found among HIV-infected individuals. Preliminary evidence suggests that depressive symptoms may be associated with increased mortality. Treatment options are discussed, including psychotherapy and treatment with pharmaceuticals.
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PMID:Depression & HIV: assessment and treatment. 1136 69

Crisis intervention within the HIV mental health spectrum is complicated by substance use, mental illness, and social stigmas. A case report that illustrates these issues is presented. HIV/AIDS service agencies are treating many seropositive patients who also have emotional and mental illness. It is critical for HIV-positive patients to have easy access to psychotherapy, support services, and substance abuse treatment. Crisis intervention is best achieved within the context of an experienced crisis team that first conducts a clinical assessment and then formulates and executes a treatment plan. Three issues complicate crisis care, including resistance to appropriate care, unresolved psychological issues, and medical complications. Crisis care providers are advised to step back from the situation and calmly collect pertinent information about the client, confer with colleagues to develop a treatment plan, and take all appropriate legal issues into consideration.
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PMID:Negotiating mental health crises. 1136 46

Research involving the dual diagnosis of HIV and mental illness has been documented in a range of journal articles and other publications. The literature in this reference section includes papers on HIV risk factors among mentally ill adults, AIDS counseling and risk reduction for this population, community health planning, personality disorder and HIV, and the prevalence of HIV and AIDS among psychiatric patients and the homeless. Research contacts are provided for Wahoo, NE and San Francisco, CA.
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PMID:Clearinghouse: HIV and mental illness. 1136 47

The literature on HIV seroprevalence, risk, knowledge, and behavior is reviewed, and suggestions for treating seropositive people with chronic mental illness is outlined. In general, people with chronic mental illness have higher rates of HIV than people within the general population. Within this chronic mental illness population, seroprevalence is more prevalent among injection drug users and men who have sex with men. Homelessness is a risk factor for HIV infection and disease progression. Research indicates that mentally ill patients do not score well on assessments of their HIV-related knowledge, attitudes, and risk behavior. The provision of physical and mental health care for seropositive people with mental illness is a complex process that must take into account the full range of needs and obstacles faced by this high risk group.
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PMID:HIV and chronic mental illness. 1136 48

Wisconsin lawmakers have passed Assembly Bill 284, allowing HIV testing of adult and juvenile defendants who are found not guilty because of mental illness or disease. The bill addresses a loophole that prevented inmates from being tested unless they regained sufficient mental function to be tried again. Another proposed law would allow disclosure to prison officials about a juvenile's HIV status. Existing State law prohibits disclosure of test results to anyone except the child or their guardians.
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PMID:Wisconsin lawmakers vote to expand testing of defendants. 1136 62

This paper describes a 10-session behavioral intervention introducing female-initiated methods of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention to reduce vulnerability to HIV infection for women with severe mental illness. In a pilot test of the intervention, 35 women were randomly placed in the experimental intervention group or an HIV education control. Subjective norms, intentions to use, perceived efficacy, and attitudes toward the male condom, female condom, and a microbicide were assessed at baseline, postintervention, and 6-week follow-up. The participants in the treatment group reported a significantly more positive attitude toward the use of female condoms (t = -2.12, P < .05) at 6-week follow-up. Providing women with severe mental illness with choices of protective methods and the knowledge and skills to ensure proper use are among the many crucial ingredients in prevention of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
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PMID:Ourselves, our bodies, our realities: an HIV prevention intervention for women with severe mental illness. 1136 95

HIV seroprevalence among people with serious mental illness has increased substantially in recent years. Although the prevalence of HIV behavioral risk factors has been well documented, few researchers have chosen to investigate the impact that psychopathology may have on HIV risk behavior. A review of the literature on psychiatric diagnoses related to HIV sexual risk reveals that bipolar disorder and perhaps schizophrenia are related to increased HIV risk. Further, persons in whom both Axis I and Axis II disorders are diagnosed appear to be at greater HIV behavioral risk. Research on psychiatric symptoms shows that illness severity may vary in its relation to HIV risk according to the specific symptoms present and that excited and possibly positive symptoms may be predictors of HIV sexual risk behavior. However, there is a need for research to elucidate these relationships. Future efforts that will add most to the literature will include examinations of psychiatric symptoms and illness severity, adequate sample sizes, statistical tests showing prediction of HIV risk behavior rather than the correlation with it, controls for substance abuse or dependence, and comparisons of psychopathology across HIV-positive and HIV-negative persons.
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PMID:Influence of psychiatric diagnoses and symptoms on HIV risk behavior in adults with serious mental illness. 1139 77

This cross-sectional study assessed quality of life (QOL), coping styles, mood and uncertainty in illness in a non-random sample of 46 (out of 91 eligible) symptomatic HIV patients living in Hong Kong. QOL was moderate and the main concerns were related to the environmental aspects of QOL, spirituality and social relationships. Considerable mood disturbance was demonstrated in the sample, especially with regards to depression, fatigue and tension/anxiety. High levels of uncertainty in illness were also reported. A median split of the uncertainty score demonstrated that high uncertainty was related to lower levels of overall QOL (p = 0.04), higher psychological dysfunction (p = 0.05), worse adjustment with the environment (p < 0.001) and higher mood disturbance (p = 0.008). The sample predominantly used internal coping, which also correlated well with higher QOL scores. Through regression analysis it was shown that QOL could be predicted with the combined effects of uncertainty in illness and fatigue (adjusted R2 = 0.51, p < 0.001). Findings indicate that efforts should be directed towards improving QOL issues in the Chinese HIV patients and interventions could be introduced to alleviate those factors that were found to affect QOL. It is suggested that such interventions may include group or individual psychological therapies, management of fatigue and teaching patients more effective coping techniques.
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PMID:Correlates of quality of life in symptomatic HIV patients living in Hong Kong. 1139 34

This is a cross-sectional, population-based (n = 378,710) study using hospital discharge abstract data to determine the relative risk associated with having a dual diagnosis of mental illness and HIV/AIDS. The analysis addresses issues of gender, race, and age, as well as types of mental illness. Persons with a mental illness are 1.44 times more likely to have HIV/AIDS. Women are at increased risk of being dually diagnosed. There are no risk differences by race. Those with a specific diagnosis of substance abuse or a depressive disorder are more likely to have a diagnosis of HIV/AIDS.
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PMID:Dual diagnosis: HIV and mental illness, a population-based study. 1150 40


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