Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0019693 (HIV)
 170,526 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Rhodococcus equi, an unusual gram positive aerobic actinomycete, was first described as a respiratory pathogen of livestock in 1923. Reports of human clinical illness have emphasized R. equi as a cause of invasive pulmonary infection in severely immunocompromised patients and, recently, have implicated it as a cause of pneumonia, bacteremia and disseminated infection in HIV-infected patients. To determine the distribution of R. equi we evaluated 107 isolates referred to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) during the period January 1973 through December 1990. The sites of these 107 isolates (101 patient and 6 animal isolates) were: blood (32 isolates), sputum (30), lung tissue (13) and other site (32). Before 1983, when the first R. equi isolate from an HIV-infected patient was received, CDC received a total of 52 patient isolates. In addition, during this 10 year period, R. equi isolates were received from more than one site from only one patient. However, during the two year period 1989-1990, we identified 8 patients with underlying HIV infection and R. equi pneumonia who accounted for 29 of 35 (83%) R. equi patient isolates; 6 of these patients also had bacteremia and three died with disseminated R. equi infection. No isolates were resistant to amoxicillin-clavulanate, ampicillin-sulbactam, gentamicin or imipenem, and few (less than 5%) isolates were resistant to erythromycin, rifampin, tetracycline, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. These results suggest that HIV-infected patients, in particular, are predisposed to develop invasive pulmonary, fatal disseminated R. equi infection (or both), and appropriate antimicrobial susceptibility testing of clinical isolates may improve the effectiveness of therapy of R. equi-infected patients.
 ...
PMID:Distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility of Rhodococcus equi from clinical specimens. 139 8

We report a young male IVDA with CAH caused by HBV who was infected with HIV and who contracted listeriosis in the form of acute hepatitis and bacteremia, with epithelioid granulomas in the liver. Treatment with ampicillin and a aminoglycoside for 3 weeks was followed by rapid and maintained improvement. Involvement of the liver is unusual in listeriosis and, as far as we are aware, it has not been described previously in patients with HIV infection.
 ...
PMID:Acute hepatitis by Listeria monocytogenes in an HIV patient with chronic HBV hepatitis. 147 74

Thirteen bacteremias and 25 nonbacteremic infections caused by Pseudomonas spp. occurred in 22 of 236 children with human immunodeficiency virus infection with a rate of infection of 0.098 (bacteremia, 0.030) per patient year. Four patients were neutropenic (less than 500/microliters). Central venous catheter (CVC)-related infections were most frequent (n = 20) followed by otitis externa (n = 6) and pneumonia (n = 5). Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most common isolate and caused both CVC-related and CVC-unrelated infections, whereas other Pseudomonas spp. and Xanthomonas maltophilia were almost exclusively associated with CVC-related infections. The children who received appropriate therapy had a favorable outcome. In 7 CVC-related infections (35%) the catheter was removed. Pseudomonas spp. are of increasing importance in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children causing significant morbidity and increased hospitalization. These infections may be life-threatening if appropriate therapy is not vigorously initiated.
 ...
PMID:Pseudomonas infections in children with human immunodeficiency virus infection. 152 45

Bacterial infections are a well-described complication of AIDS. However, relatively few reports have described infections due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa in adults who are infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Seven cases of serious P. aeruginosa infection in HIV-infected patients occurred during 12 months in two hospitals in Houston, often in the absence of other host factors that are generally thought to predispose to this condition. One patient had no prior illness or antibody test results that were suggestive of HIV infection; for two other patients who were known to have antibody to HIV, an AIDS-defining diagnosis had never been made. Three patients had pneumonia (two with bacteremia and one with empyema), one had malignant otitis externa, and three had bacteremia that either resulted from or caused secondarily a soft-tissue focus of infection. Two patients died, and two others experienced one or more relapses after an initial course of treatment. Compromised host defense mechanisms, including loss of mucosal integrity, defects in humoral and cellular immunities, and qualitative or quantitative leukocyte abnormalities, may predispose HIV-infected patients to P. aeruginosa infections.
 ...
PMID:Life-threatening Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. 155 24

Although AIDS was largely recognized and defined because of the increased presence of diseases that reflect deficiencies in cell-mediated immunity, susceptibility to common extracellular bacterial pathogens has also been shown to be increased. To our knowledge, adults with concurrent infection due to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Streptococcus pneumoniae whose cases have been described to date have all had pneumococcal pneumonia and/or bacteremia. We describe five cases of HIV-infected patients who had unusual manifestations of pneumococcal infection, which include recurrent exudative pleural effusion, pyopneumothorax, purpura fulminans, mediastinitis with chest wall abscess, and multiple brain abscesses. Such complications of pneumococcal infection occurred more or less commonly in the preantibiotic era, but on the basis of our experience and an exhaustive literature search, these complications have been exceedingly rare in the past few decades. In four of our five patients, the unusual, complicated pneumococcal disease preceded and prompted a search for HIV infection. Because concurrent HIV infection increases the susceptibility to pneumococcal disease, other such cases are likely to be seen.
 ...
PMID:Unusual manifestations of pneumococcal infection in human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals: the past revisited. 157 28

Bacteremia due to Campylobacter is a rare infection. Patients with HIV infection are an important risk group for this condition. We describe here two patients with Campylobacter bacteremia and advanced HIV infection. One case was due to C. jejuni infection in a drug addict, being also isolated C. jejuni in stool samples. Treatment with ciprofloxacin was effective in this patient. The other case was due to C. laridis infection also in a drug addict, with poor clinical and microbiological response despite adequate treatment with gentamycin. The same microorganism was still isolated in blood cultures after 20 days of treatment. All the blood cultures were performed using a Bactec-NR 660 16 A and 17 A (Benton Dickinson) system. Growth was detected only in aerobic bottles after 3-4 days of incubation.
 ...
PMID:[Campylobacter bacteremia and HIV infection]. 157 90

We reported two HIV infected patients with bacteremia and pneumonia due to Rhodococcus equi. None of them had suffer any opportunistic infection before this episode. Clinical presentation includes respiratory tract symptoms of subacute onset and fever. The X-ray examination in both cases revealed pneumonia and lung abscess in upper lobes as well as lung infiltrates in other lobes. The microorganism was isolated in lung fine needle aspiration, bronchoalveolar lavage and blood cultures in both cases. One patient died and the other was under antibiotic treatment 5 months after discharge. The therapeutic options in this infection must include the use of at least two different antibiotics to which the microorganism is sensitive, and for a prolonged period of time. Surgical treatment should be considered if the evolution is poor.
 ...
PMID:[Rhodococcus equi in HIV infected patients: 2 new cases]. 160 24

As the AIDS epidemic progresses, the number of ED patients with HIV-related illness will continue to increase. As reviewed in this article, much of the existing clinical research in HIV-related illness has an impact on the diagnostic and management issues that arise in the ED. Many of the patterns of disease, subtleties of diagnosis, and therapies unique to AIDS patients have already been greatly elucidated. However, as the recognition of this disease goes into only its second decade, many questions remain. Further studies are needed, for example, to improve physician assessment of HIV risk, to further identify discriminators of PCP and bacteremia, and to optimize strategies for disposition and outpatient management. In the future, in the areas of research and clinical care, emergency medicine will play an increasing important role in the front-line attack on this modern epidemic.
 ...
PMID:The management of HIV-related illness in the emergency department. 166 Jun 80

We reviewed the cases of typhoid fever (3 cases) and non-typhoid salmonellosis (62 cases) diagnosed from 1987 to 1989 in the Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Microbiology of the 'L.Sacco' Hospital, Milan. Two cases of typhoid fever and 24 cases of non-typhoid salmonellosis occurred in patients without clinical symptoms of HIV infection. One case of typhoid fever and 38 cases of non-typhoid salmonellosis occurred in patients with clinical symptoms of HIV infection. In AIDS patients living in the Milan province the annual incidence of non-typhoid salmonellosis was estimated to be 100-fold greater than that observed in the general population. In patients with non-typhoid salmonellosis, bacteremias was found only in subjects with HIV disease (P = 0.0009). The frequency of bacteremia was higher in patients with AIDS than in patients with other manifestations of HIV disease (P = 0.0356). Finally, a significant difference between patients with and without HIV disease was found with regard to Salmonella serotypes distribution (P = 0.0196).
 ...
PMID:Salmonellosis diagnosed by the laboratory of the 'L. Sacco' Hospital of Milan (Italy) in patients with HIV disease. 178 64

Adherent cells from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected subjects but not from normal blood donors, patients with Gram-positive or -negative bacteremia, active tuberculosis, toxoplasmosis, pulmonary aspergillosis, and cytomegalovirus infection produce spontaneously an activity which inhibits alpha chain of interleukin-2 (Tac) expression and interleukin 2 (IL-2) production by normal activated T cells and IL-2 production by these cells. A similar biologic activity was detected in culture supernatants of in vitro HIV-I-infected normal adherent and leukemic U937 cells. Tac-inhibitory activity is not cytotoxic and it could be detected in serum-free conditioned media. Recombinant granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor and phorbol myristate acetate stimulation of patients' and normal adherent cells did not enhance specifically the production of the Tac inhibitor. Biologically active conditioned media did not contain infectious virus as well as secreted p24, gp120 viral proteins; the biologic activity could not be abolished by anti-p24, anti-gp120, and anti-nef monoclonal antibodies or human purified polyclonal anti-HIV IgG. Gel filtration of conditioned media followed by anion exchange chromatography resulted in a 1,200-fold degree of purification and revealed that the biologically active molecule was cationic. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of this fraction and gel elution of the proteins showed that the biologic activity was associated with a 29-kD protein which was distinct from alpha- or gamma-interferon, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and prostaglandin E2. The above findings demonstrate the production of inhibitory factor(s) during HIV infection, which might be involved in the pathogenesis of the patients' immune defect.
 ...
PMID:Biological and biochemical characterization of a factor produced spontaneously by adherent cells of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients inhibiting interleukin-2 receptor alpha chain (Tac) expression on normal T cells. 190 71


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>